Presentation Prepared By:

James M. Osborne James M. Osborne

Extension Agent, ANRExtension Agent, ANR

Grayson, Carroll, & Patrick CountiesGrayson, Carroll, & Patrick Counties

VirginiaVirginiaModified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

July, 2002

Private Applicators

PesticidePesticide Training Session Training Session

Regulations All applicators should know basic safety and All applicators should know basic safety and

handling rules for pesticide use.handling rules for pesticide use. A private applicator is anyone that uses or A private applicator is anyone that uses or

supervises the use of any restricted-use supervises the use of any restricted-use pesticide in the production of an agriculture pesticide in the production of an agriculture commodity.commodity.

Certified applicators must attend an approved Certified applicators must attend an approved re-certification program at least re-certification program at least every 2 yearsevery 2 years..

The Federal Agency responsible for pesticide registration is the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA).

Virginia Agency responsible for the certification of pesticide applicators is the Virginia Dept. of Agriculture & Consumer Services.

The Product Label

Contain directions that pesticide users are Contain directions that pesticide users are legally required to follow.legally required to follow.

Is a legal agreement between EPA, the Is a legal agreement between EPA, the product manufacturer, and the user.product manufacturer, and the user.

Tells if a pesticide is registered for a Tells if a pesticide is registered for a particular use.particular use.

The EPA Establishment Number identifies the facility where the product was made.

The Ingredient Statement must list the chemical name and/or consumer name for each active ingredient and its % of the product.

The Signal Word on a pesticide label indicates how acutely toxic the pesticide is to humans.

Acutely Toxic is how poisonous a pesticide is to an animal/human after a single dose.

Chronic Toxicity is how poisonous a pesticide is after small, repeated doses over a period of time.

The type and amount of active, inactive, and solvent or carrier ingredients, and the type of formulation, determine the toxicity of a pesticide.

HAZARD= EXPOSURE X TOXICITY

Each time you apply pesticides, you should: Avoid non-target organisms and surfaces.Avoid non-target organisms and surfaces. Operate equipment safely.Operate equipment safely. Deliver the pesticide to the target.Deliver the pesticide to the target. Check for appropriate delivery rate.Check for appropriate delivery rate.

Cholinesterase level is that levelwhich is necessary for your nervous system to work properly. Highly toxic chemicals attack cholinesterase and lower the necessary live needed to live.

Over-exposure could kill. You should have your cholinesterase level checked during the spray season if moderately or highly toxic chemicals are used much.

Direct supervision of a pesticide application means on-site supervision. When supervising other pesticide applicators, be sure they are instructed about the hazards of pesticide use.

Application Rate is the amount of pesticide sprayed divided by the distance covered. Equipment should be properly calibrated before use.

To clean/clear a hose, nozzle, or jet orifice, a small nylon brush should be used.

Calibration Example

1quart / 500 square feet is applied.1quart / 500 square feet is applied. label recommendations call using 1 gallon / label recommendations call using 1 gallon /

1000 square feet.1000 square feet. Is further calibration needed?Is further calibration needed? 1/500 = 4/10001/500 = 4/1000 2/1000 = 4/10002/1000 = 4/1000 Yes, Too much mix was used!!!Yes, Too much mix was used!!!

Label directions call for 3 pints per acre. Ground sprayer applications use 20 gallons per acre. How much chemical and water is needed to spray 5 acres?

3 pts/ Acres 20 gallons/ Acres3 pts/ Acres 20 gallons/ Acres X 5 Acres X 5 AcresX 5 Acres X 5 Acres 15 pts/ 5 Acres 100gallons/ 5 Acres15 pts/ 5 Acres 100gallons/ 5 Acres

If a pesticide is spilled on someone’s skin, you should immediately rinse with plenty of water. Penetrates and oils may allow faster movement through the skin.

To help prevent heat stress, you should have plenty of drinking water on handhave plenty of drinking water on hand take periodic breakstake periodic breaks

Heat stress symptoms include:

FatigueFatigue HeadachesHeadaches NauseaNausea ChillsChills Clammy skin Clammy skin Heavy SweatingHeavy Sweating

Mixing, Loading, and application of pesticides are the primary handing tasks. They are also the most hazardous.

Some pesticide mixtures are difficult or impossible to apply because they form lumps or gels or separate out. Such mixtures would be considered incompatible.

Weeds can be divided into three different types. They are AnnualsAnnuals Bi-annualsBi-annuals PerenialsPerenials

IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management and involves biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical means of controlling pests.

Using different tactics to control a pest tends to cause the least disruption to the living organisms and other surrounding at the treatment site.

Sanitation, food and water supply control, host resistance are also part of IPM strategies.

Common cultural control methods include: Crop RotationCrop Rotation CultivationCultivation Adjusting row widthAdjusting row width FertilizationFertilization Timing of plantingTiming of planting Timing of harvestingTiming of harvesting

Biological control can include methods by which the pest is biologically altered. Examples might include releasing sterile males and the use of pheromones.

Some pests are more easily killed

at certain stages of growth. The change of body form during the life cycle is called metamorphose. The house fly stages are the egg,larvae, pupae, and adult.

One way to tell a mite from an insect, is that and insect has 6 legs while a mite has 8 legs. A miticide controls mites, spiders, and/or ticks.

Vertebrates are animals with backbones and are one of the five common grouping that pests are divided into.

To reduce pest resistance problem, avoid using the same pesticide year after year in the same place.

Environmental protection is important. Possible causes of water contamination include:

SpillsSpills LeaksLeaks Back-siphoningBack-siphoning

Buy only the amount of pesticide you plan to use that year.

Dispose of pesticides and empty containers properly. Try to use excess unusable pesticides in a way allowable to label directions. Many times these may be sent to the landfill or incinerator if quantities are small enough.

Be familiar with the required personal protective equipment needed for the job and in accordance with the label warnings.

Pesticide incidents that threaten lives must be reported the VDACS immediately, but at least within 48 hours.

Protective equipment should be

cleaned after every use.

In case of a pesticide spill, be prepared and plan ahead by having proper protective equipment on hand.

The early signs of pesticide poisoning may be much like the flu.

Before applying pesticides, ask yourself these questions. Is the problem actually caused by a pest and Is the problem actually caused by a pest and

if so what kind of pest?if so what kind of pest? Is the problem severe enough to warrant Is the problem severe enough to warrant

chemical control?chemical control? Is the temperature high enough to get Is the temperature high enough to get

adequate results?adequate results? At what stage will the pest best be At what stage will the pest best be

controlled?controlled?

Never use more pesticide than the recommended labeled rate.

Clean empty containers immediately to avoid residues.

Certified applicators must keep their applications records of restricted-use pesticides at least 2 years.

An adjuvant is the chemical added to a pesticide formulation or tank mix to increase its effectiveness or safety.

Drift is the pesticide movement away from the intended site by the air.

A pesticide that is a vapor or gas or forms a vapor or gas when applied and whose pesticide action occurs in the gaseous state is a Fumigant.

Leaching is the movement of pesticides in water or another liquid downward.

Rinsate is the pesticide-containing water that results from rinsing a pesticide container, equipment, or other pesticide-containing articles.

Regularly searching for, identifying, and assessing numbers of pests and their damage is known as scouting.

A systemic pesticide is a pesticide that is absorbed and circulated by a plant/animal so that the plant/animal becomes toxic to the pests that feeds on it.

A Volatile pesticide evaporates rapidly turning easily into a gas or vapor.

Abbreviations for Formulations A = AerosolA = Aerosol B= BaitB= Bait D= DustD= Dust DF= Dry FlowableDF= Dry Flowable E/EC= Emulsifiable ConcentrateE/EC= Emulsifiable Concentrate F=FlowableF=Flowable G=GranulesG=Granules P=PelletsP=Pellets W/WP= Wettable PowderW/WP= Wettable Powder

Signal Words Acute Toxicity Level Poison Highly ToxicPoison Highly Toxic Skull & Crossbones Highly ToxicSkull & Crossbones Highly Toxic Danger Highly ToxicDanger Highly Toxic Warning Moderately ToxicWarning Moderately Toxic Caution Slightly ToxicCaution Slightly Toxic

That’s All Folks !!!!!!!!!!!