Presentation On Polyamides Nylon - 6

Presentation On Polyamides

Nylon - 6

Presentation By

Mr. Devang Mehta (80) Mr. Ranjit Makwana (79) Mr. Harsad Kothiya (78)

Guided By

Department Of Industrial Chemistry

Year 2011 - 2012

Contents:

1. Introduction

2. Reflections of the Nylon 6-6 History

3. Synthesis

4. Experimental procedure

5. Application

Presentation By Mr. Devang Mehta 3

Monomers : Dicarboxylic Acid, Diamines

Polymerization : Polycondensation Reaction

Major Uses : Mainly In Manufacture Of Fibres

Structure :

4Presentation By Mr. Devang Mehta

1.1 Basic Information


1.2 Why Nylon 6 ?

• Why Nylon 6-6 (Polyamide 6) ?

• A black box embodied in our lives

• Wide influence on society

• Change of relation between lab and commercial industry

• More recent innovation

• very well documented


1.3 Utilization of Nylon 6

The utilization of Nylon 6:

Textile industry (“wash and wear”)

Carpets

Outdoor clothing (inc. tents, backpacks etc)

Tires, etc…


Chemical & mechanical properties of Nylon 6:

High tensile strength (stretchable without deformation)

Excellent chemical resistance

High mechanical strength and heat resistance

Easy to process

Can be dyed easily

1.4 Properties of Nylon 6-6

Presentation By Mr. Devang Mehta

• Properties

• Glass transition temperature : 47oC. • Melting temperature : 220oC. • Amorphous density at 25oC : 1.084 g/cm3. • Crystalline density at 25oC : 1.23 g/cm3. • Molecular weight of repeat unit : 113.16 g/mol. • Typical Physical Properties

• Repeat Unit• • C6H11ON

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1.5 Properties


Methodology:Brief introduction to the three different views on history:

The inventor (W. Carothers)

The company where he conducted the research in his lab (Du Pont)

The global perspective

2 Methodology


2.1 History 1

Wallace H. Carothers (1896-1938)Genius chemist, several degreesConducted research at industrial company (Du Pont) Conducted research to find a molecule as large as possible In the beginning he was free to chose his topic, later on he was

oriented by Du PontHis colleague realized that nylon could be drawn into fibre (1934)Suffered from depression and committed suicide

Science and Corporate Strategy – Du Pont R&D (1992)Polymers – The Origins & Growth of a Science (1995)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.mit.edu (2002)

http://www.mit.edu/


2.2 History 2

Du Pont (established 1802)Wanted to have a research lab as their “commitment to

scientific discovery as the key to future success” Lured away Carothers from Harvard universityCarothers was free to “do pure basic research”Du Pont wanted to develop a synthetic fibre that could

replace silkNylon invented by Carothers in 1935In 1938, public announcement of nylon as “the first man-

made organic textile fabric prepared entirely from new materials from the mineral kingdom”


2.3 History 3

The Global ViewDespite the Great Depression, Carothers’ Lab´s funding was

never reducedBy 1931 silk was getting expensive and harder to find due

to political and trade troubles with JapanDu Pont was urged by the US government to make Nylon a

reality as quick as possibleNylon was a potential as a vital war materialDuring war Nylon replaced Asian silk and supplanted

cotton


Synthesis

Nylon 6 begins as pure Caprolactam. As caprolactam has 6 carbon atoms, it got the name Nylon-6.

When caprolactam is heated at about 533 K in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen for about 4-5 hours, the ring breaks and undergoes polymerization. Then the molten mass is passed through spinnerets to form fibres of Nylon 6.

3.1 Synthesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caprolactam_polymerization.png


Nylon 6 (above) has a structure similar to Nylon 6,6 (below).

During polymerization, the peptide bond within each caprolactam molecule is broken, with the active groups on each side re-forming two new bonds as the monomer becomes part of the polymer backbone. Unlike nylon 6,6, in which the direction of the amide bond reverses at each bond, all nylon 6 amide bonds lie in the same direction (see figure: note the N to C orientation of each amide bond). Nylon 6 therefore resembles natural polypeptides more closely; in fact, caprolactam would become an amino acid if it were hydrolyzed. This difference has little effect on the polymer's mechanical or chemical properties, but is sufficient to create a legal distinction.

3.2 Synthesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nylon_6_and_Nylon_6-6.png


Experimental Procedure :

10 g of e - caprolactam are placed into a 25 mL beaker. Using a glass rod a small piece of sodium (approx. 0.01 g) is pressed into the caprolactam.

The melting of the mixture occurs with reduced burner flame.

Afterwards the liquefied materials are heated to boiling. The deep brown molten mass is cooled down for 5 minutes.

The mixture will become much more viscous.

Fibers are drawn by dipping a glass rod into the polymer and rapidly drawing out the solidifying material of the beaker.

4.1 Experimental Procedure



Discussion:

1)The induction of the lactam polymerization occurs in two steps. Caprolactam first reacts with Na to give lactam anion.

2)In the second step of the initiation process, the lactam anion (the activated monomer) attacks the carbonyl carbon of caprolactam and adds to it. Ring-opening leads to the formation of N-caproyl caprolactam anion.

3)Thus another species is generated that can react again in the same manner. This happens over and over to produce a long chain of perlon .

4.2 Discussion


Anionic, ring-opening polymerisation

4.3 Reaction


Applications

Nylon 6 is used as,

Thread in bristles for toothbrushes and Surgical sutures

Strings for acoustic and classical musical instruments, including guitars, violins, violas, and cellos.

It is also used in the manufacture of a large variety of threads, ropes, filaments, nets, and tire cords, as well as hosiery and knitted garments.

It can also be used in gun frames, such as those used by Glock, which are made with a composite of Nylon 6 and other polymers. It has the potential to be used as a technical nutrient.

5.1 Applications

Documents

Presentation On Polyamides Nylon - 6