79
COMMON DISORDERS COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYE OF THE EYE by by Anthony D. Hernandez, Anthony D. Hernandez, MD MD Ophthalmologist Ophthalmologist

Presentation on Disorders of the Eye

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Diseases of the eyes

Citation preview

  • COMMON DISORDERS OF THE EYE

    by

    Anthony D. Hernandez, MDOphthalmologist

  • ANATOMY OF THE EYE

  • ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFEEye changes occur as we get older.Permanent vision loss need not be a part of ageing.The majority of eye conditions that affect older people are painless and progress slowly over many years.Most eye conditions affecting older people can be treated.

  • ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFE

    Regular eye checks, early detection and medical intervention can help to restore vision or prevent further vision loss.People aged 35 and over are encouraged to have regular eye checks.

  • ENJOY HEALTHY EYES FOR LIFE

    Your eyesight is your most valuable sense. Protect your eyes.If you experience a gradual or sudden loss of vision, seek medical advice immediately.

  • CATARACTDEFINITIONA cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens inside the eye. When the lens becomes cloudy, light rays cannot pass easily through.

  • CATARACTSYMPTOMSVision becomes blurred, both for near and distance objects. Sensitivity to glare in bright sunlight. Distortion or ghosting of images may also occur. Colour vision can be decreased.

  • CATARACTS

  • CATARACTCAUSEAge is the most common cause, but cataracts can also occur in babies and children. They may develop as a result of injury or eye disease.They may be associated with medical conditions such as diabetes.

  • CATARACTCAUSEBoth smoking and exposure to sunlight increase the risk of cataracts.Cataracts are not a growth or film over the eye and are not caused as a result of overusing the eye or eyestrain. You generally cant see your cataract in the mirror.

  • CATARACTTREATMENTIn the early stages of cataract, glasses or contact lenses can help correct minor visual problems.When vision is seriously impaired, the most effective treatment is to surgically remove the affected lens and replace it with an artificial lens.

  • CATARACT Most surgery is performed on a day-only basis under local anaesthesia, with sedation.There are many variations in technique, the most common being phacoemulsification surgery. The cataract is removed through a very small, secure opening about 3mm in length, with implantation of an intra-ocular lens specifically chosen to match your eye.

  • CATARACTFOLLOW UP CAREYour eye may be covered or protected for one night. A plastic shield at night may be required for a few extra nights depending on the surgeon.You will have a follow up appointments for review by your surgeon, usually the next day and over the following weeks.

  • CATARACTYou will be able to function normally from Day 1, but strenuous activities must be avoided for some weeks.You will have eye drops prescribed to use as instructed by your surgeon.Your new intra-ocular lens will restore your distance vision that you had before the cataract developed.

  • CATARACTOver the post-operative review period glasses will be prescribed for your new eye, particularly to help with reading vision.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEFINITIONAge Related Macular Degeneration causes loss of central, detailed vision. People may notice that straight lines appear distorted or wavy or that reading becomes increasingly difficult.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SYMPTOMSStraight lines appear wavy or distorted.Reading and any activity that requires fine vision becomes increasingly difficult.Distinguishing faces becomes a problem.Dark patches or empty spaces appearing in the centre of vision.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONEARLY DETECTION IS IMPORTANTIn its early stages it may go unnoticed.Symptoms should never be dismissed as part of just getting older.Detecting changes early allows you to take steps to slow down the progression.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONTREATMENTDry Macular DegenerationThere are currently no treatments to reverse the macular degeneration. However, supplements, diet and lifestyle changes may be effective.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONTREATMENTWet Macular Degeneration. There is no cure, however the following methods are providing a greater opportunity for many in saving sight and keeping as much vision for as long as possible.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONTREATMENTAnti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections eg. Lucentis and Avastin.Laser photocoagulation.Diet, supplements and lifestyle.

  • AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATIONAmsler Grid

  • DIABETIC RETINOPATHYDEFINITIONDiabetes causes damage to blood vessels in the retina, which may lead to loss of vision.

  • DIABETIC RETINOPATHYRISK FACTORSPeople who have had diabetes for a long period.Diabetics with high blood pressure.People with high sugar levels.Poorly managed diabetes.Diabetics who become pregnant.

  • DIABETIC RETINOPATHYSYMPTOMSBlurred, distorted or patchy vision that cant be corrected with glasses.Problems with balance, reading, watching television and recognizing people.Overly sensitive to glare.Difficulty seeing at night.

  • DIABETIC RETINOPATHYTREATMENTAnnual eye checks to pick up early signs of damage.Control blood-glucose levels and make sure the diet is low in fat.Once vision has been affected, seek treatment to prevent progression.

  • GLAUCOMADEFINITIONGlaucoma is the name given to a group of eye diseases in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed.In most people this damage is due to increased pressure inside the eye.

  • GLAUCOMA

    Other damage may be caused by poor blood supply to the optic nerve, a weakness in the structure of the nerve and/or a problem in the health of the nerve.

  • GLAUCOMA

  • GLAUCOMASYMPTOMSChronic glaucoma (primary open-angle)Is known as the sneak thief of sight and can result in a slow and painless loss of vision, with side vision being affected first.

  • GLAUCOMAAcute glaucoma (angle-closure).Rapid increase of pressure inside the eye due to a blocked drainage system causing pain, nausea, blurred vision and redness of the eye.

  • GLAUCOMAMeasuring intraocular pressureMeasuring Intraocular Pressure

  • GLAUCOMARISK FACTORSFamily history of glaucomaDiabetesMigraineShort sightedness (myopia)Long sightedness (hyperopia)Eye injuries

  • GLAUCOMARISK FACTORSBlood pressurePast or present use of cortisone drugs (steroids)

  • GLAUCOMATREATMENTRegular eye checks from the age of 35MedicationLaserDrainage surgery

  • RETINAL DETACHMENTDEFINITIONRetinal detachment is a separation of the retina from the back of the eye.

  • RETINAL DETACHMENTRISK FACTORSSevere myopia (short sighted). Retinal tears. Trauma.Family history.Complications from cataract surgery.

  • RETINAL DETACHMENTSYMPTOMSDecreased visionFeeling of looking through a veil or curtainFlashes and floaters

  • RETINAL DETACHMENTTREATMENTPhotocoagulation (Laser).Surgery. Vitrectomy.Indirect Laser or Cryotherapy.Insertion of Gas, Silicone Oil or Heavy Liquids.

  • FOREIGN BODYsomething that enters the eye from outside the body Foreign objects can cause abrasions, or scratches, on your cornea. These injuries usually are minor. However, some types of foreign objects can cause infection or damage your vision

  • If you have a foreign object in your eye, you probably will suffer immediate symptoms. You may experience:a feeling of pressure or discomforta sensation that something is in your eyeeye painextreme tearingpain when you look at lightexcessive blinkingredness or a bloodshot eye

  • FOREIGN BODY

  • CONJUNCTIVITISConjunctivitis, also known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin clear tissue that lies over the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid.

  • What Causes Pinkeye?

    VirusesBacteria (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia)Irritants such as shampoos, dirt, smoke, and pool chlorineAllergies, like dust, pollen, or a special type of allergy that affects some contact lens wearers

  • Pinkeye caused by some bacteria and viruses can spread easily from person to person, but is not a serious health risk if diagnosed promptly. Pinkeye in newborn babies, however, should be reported to a doctor immediately, as it could be a vision-threatening infection.

  • What Are the Symptoms of Pinkeye?

    Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelidIncreased amount of tearsThick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleepGreen or white discharge from the eyeItchy eyesBurning eyesBlurred visionIncreased sensitivity to light

  • HORDEOLUMA hordeolum (stye) is an acute, localized swelling of the eyelid that may be external or internal and usually is a pyogenic (typically staphylococcal) infection or abscess. Most hordeola are external and result from obstruction and infection of an eyelash follicle

  • HORDEOLUM

  • PTERYGIUMmost often refers to a benign growth of theconjunctiva

  • PTERYGIUM

  • QUESTIONS

  • THANK YOU

    *