Presentation on DBMS

8/11/2019 Presentation on DBMS

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Contents :

What is Data?

What is Database?

Database Management System

(DBMS)

Relational Database Management

System (RDBMS)


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What is Data?

Data are values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items.

Data in computing are represented in a structure,often tabular , a tree or a graph structure. Data are

typically the results of measurements and can

be visualised using graphs or images.


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Data Measurement Chart

Data Measurement Size

Bit Single Binary Digit (1 or 0)

Byte 8 bits

Kilobyte (KB)

1,024 Bytes

Megabyte (MB) 1,024 Kilobytes

Gigabyte (GB) 1,024 Megabytes

Terabyte (TB) 1,024 Gigabytes

Petabyte (PB)

1,024 Terabytes

Exabyte (EB) 1,024 Petabytes


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What is Database?

Databases are designed to offer anorganized mechanism for storing,

managing and retrieving information.

They do so through the use of tables.


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Database Management System (DBMS)

CONTENT

What is DBMS? Types of database organisation

Component of DBMS

DBMS architecture

Database model

Functions of DBMS The Advantages of a DBMS

The Disadvantages of a DBMS

Application of DBMS

A Database management system provides three views

of database of data Database Languages

The Examples of DBMS

Products of DBMS


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What is Database Management

System (DBMS) ?

A database management system (DBMS) is asoftware package designed to define, manipulate,

retrieve and manage data in a database.

A database is the back-end of an application. ADBMS receives instruction from a DBA and

accordingly instructs the system to make the

necessary changes. Any change in storage

mechanism and formats are performed withoutmodifying the entire application.


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Types of database

organization Relational Database

Data is organized as logically independent tables.

Relationships among tables are shown through shared data.

Flat Database

Data is organized in a single kind of record with a fixednumber of fields.

Object Oriented Database

Data is organized with similarity to object oriented

programming concepts. An object consists of data andmethods

Hierarchical Database

Data is organized with hierarchical relationships.


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Componentof DBMS


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Componentof DBMS (Cont.) Hardware

The hardware is the physical computer system that allowsaccess to data.

Software The software is the actual program that allows users to

access, maintain and update data. In addition, the software

controls which user can access which parts of the data inthe database.

Data The data in a database is stored physically on the storage

devices. In a database, data is a separate entity from thesoftware that accesses it.

Users In a DBMS, the term users have a broad meaning. We can

divide users into two categories: end users and applicationprograms.

Procedures

The last component of a DBMS is a set of procedures orrules that should be clearly defined and followed by the


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DBMSARCHITECTURE

Database architecture is logically divided into two

types.

a) Logical two-tier Client / Server architecture

b) Logical three-tier Client / Server architecture


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a) Logical two-tier Client / Server architecture

Two-tier Client / Server architecture is used for User Interface

program and Application Programs that runs on client side.


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b) Three-tier Client / Server Architecture

Three-tier Client / Server database architecture is

commonly used architecture for web applications.


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Database Model

A Database model defines the logical design of data. The model

describes the relationships between different parts of the data.

In history of database design, three models have been in use.

a) Hierarchical Model

b) Network Model

c) Relational Model


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a) Hierarchical Model

In this model each entity has only one parent but can have

several children . At the top of hierarchy there is only one entity

which is called Root.


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b) Network Model

In the network model, entities are organised in a graph, in whichsome entities can be accessed through several path .


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Function of DBMS

Data dictionary management.

Data storage management.

Data transformation and presentation.

Security management.

Multiuser access control.

Backup and recovery management.

Data integrity management.

Database access languages and application

programming interfaces.

Database communication interfaces.


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Advantages of a DBMS Improved availability

Minimized redundancy

Accuracy

Program and file consistency

User-friendly Improved security

Disadvantages of a DBMS Cost

Security


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Application of DBMS

Airlines and railways Banking

Education

Telecommunications

Credit card transactions E-commerce

Health care information systems and electronic patient record

Digital libraries and digital publishing

Finance

Sales

Human resources


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Database Languages

Data Description Language (DDL)

Data Manipulation Language (DML)


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The basic functions performed by DDL are: -

Create tables, files, databases and data dictionaries.

Integrity constraints on various tables.

Security and authorization information of each table. Specify the structure of each table.

Overall design of the Database.

Data Description Language (DDL):


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Alanguage that enables users to access or manipulatedata (retrieve, insert, update, delete) as organized by a certain

Data Model is called the Data Manipulation Language

(DML). It can be of two types: -

1. Procedural DML- It describes what data is needed and

how to get it.

2. Non Procedural DML- It describes what data is neededwithout specifying how to get it.

Data Manipulation Language

(DDL):


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Examples of DBMS

Computerized library systems

Automated teller machines

Flight reservation systems

Computerized parts inventory systems


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Product of DBMS

MS Access Oracle (8,8i,9i,11i,10g)

Microsoft SQL Server

IBM-DB-II

My SQL (for LINUX OS)

Postgre SQL


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Relational Database Management

System (RDBMS)

CONTENTS

Meaning of RDBMS

Functionality

RDBMS Design

RDBMS Vendors

DBMS vs. RDBMS

Dr.E.F.coddsRules for RDBMS

Advantages of RDBMS over DBMS


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Meaning of RDBMS

A relational database consists of a collection of tables that

store particular sets of data.

The concept of a relational database derives from the

principles of relational algebra, realized as a whole by the

father of relational databases, E. F. Codd.

The invention of this database system has standardized the

way that data is stored and processed.


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Functionality

A relational DBMS is special system software that is used tomanage the organization, storage, access, security and

integrity of data. This specialized software allows application

systems to focus on the user interface, data validation and

screen navigation. When there is a need to add, modify,

delete or display data, the application system simply makes a"call" to the RDBMS.

TYPES includes,

Hierarchical databases

Network databases


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RDBMS Design

A relational DBMS stores information in a set of "tables", eachof which has a unique identifier or "primary key". The tables

are then related to one another using "foreign keys". A foreign

key is simply the primary key in a different table.


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RDBMS Vendors

RDBMS Vendors RDBMS

Computer Associates INGRES

IBM DB2

INFORMIX Software INFORMIX

Oracle Corporation Oracle

Microsoft Corporation MS Access

Microsoft Corporation SQL Server

MySQL AB MySQL

PostgreSQL Dvlp Grp PostgreSQL

Sybase Sybase 11

There are many different vendors that currently produce relationaldatabase management systems (RDBMS).


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DBMS Vs. RDBMS

No.

DBMS

RDBMS

1 In DBMS, there is no

relationship concept

It is used to establish the relationship concept

between two database objects, i.e., tables

2 It cant implement constraints

in table and no security of data.

It implements constraints in table and no

security of data.

3 It supports Single User only It supports multiple users

4 It treats Data as Files internally It treats data as Tables internally

5 It supports 3 rules of

E.F.CODD out off 12 rules

It supports minimum 6 rules of E.F.CODD

6 It requires low Software and

Hardware Requirements.

It requires High software and hardware

requirements.

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Examples: FoxPro

examples:Oracle,mysql,DB2.


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Dr. E. F. Codd's Rules for

RDBMS Rule 0: The Foundation rule Rule 1: The information rule

Rule 2: The guaranteed access rule

Rule 3: Systematic treatment of null values

Rule 4: Active online catalog based on the relational model

Rule 5: The comprehensive data sublanguage rule

Rule 6: The view updating rule

Rule 7: High-level insert, update, and delete

Rule 8: Physical data independence

Rule 9: Logical data independence Rule 10: Integrity independence

Rule 11: Distribution independence:

Rule 12: The no subversion rule


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Advantages of RDBMS over DBMS

Improved Reliability Reduced Network traffic

Improved Security

Improved Performance

Data Sharing

Documents

Presentation on DBMS