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7/26/2019 presentation of gas turbine
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Gas Turbine Combustion Systems
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About me
2007-Present Solar Turbines Inc., Caterpillar Company
2002-2007 Ph.D. Combustion Science, !", #CSD
2000-2002 General "lectric Global $esearch Center
%&&'-2000 .S., !erospace "n(ineerin(, In)ian Institute o*
Technolo(y + #niersity o* Stutt(art
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otiation to stu)y about In)ustrial Gas Turbines
hat )oes combustor )o
Types o* combustors
Desi(n re/uirements
Intro)uction to combustion chemistry
!lternatie *uels, pollutants, oscillations
Challen(es relate) ith ariable loa) con)itions
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"ner(y 1utloo $eport
#S D1"
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Trend of worlds energy consumption (Data from US Department of Energy)
1 Quadrillion 1!1"# 1 $TU 1%!""&1!'
orl)3s ener(y re/uirement can lar(ely be classi*ie) into "lectric poer, transportation ener(y
1 Quadrillion $TU "* Tons +oal or 1T ft',atural -as or 1.!* $arrels of crude oil
1 $arrel crude oil / gallon 0%1 - of energy
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2rgani3ation of economic cooperation and de4elopment
Trend of worlds electricity consumption (Data from US Department of Energy)
5ossil fuels4 Coal, (asoline, )iesel, natural (as an) other petroleum pro)ucts
Alternati4e sources of energy4 in) turbines, solar panels, hy)roelectric, nuclear,
(eothermal, ti)al, an) list (oes on5
Alternati4e fuels4 "thanol, bio-)iesel, biomass, coe oen (as, syn(as, municipal aste,
lan)*ill (ases, anythin( rottin(5
a6or sources o* electricity pro)uction
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There is a ery ell establishe) ener(y in*rastructure base)
on *ossil *uels in #S an) across the (lobe.
uel $eseres 89:
;i*etime 8y:
,000 2?' %>0
1il &2'0 @0 ?0
Gas @&@@ &0 ?0
T6e worlds pro4en fossil fuel reser4es and lifetimes
The a)anta(e o* alternatie *uels is that the eAistin( in*rastructure canbe use).
Gas turbines in)ustry is (oin( to stay in business *or a lon( time
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!bout Solar3s Gas Turbines
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7ow does t6is story relate wit6 -as Turbines +ombustion systems8
Types o* en(ines-Poer (eneration4 -as Turbines, Steam Turbines,
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-as Turbines find t6eir applications in
-electric poer (eneration, mechanical )rie systems, supply
o* process heat an) compresse) air, pump )ries *or (as or
li/ui) pipelines
-6et propulsion, lan) an) sea transport 8in*ancy state:
9ndustrial turbines or prime mo4ers
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Solar Turbines Incorporate), a subsi)iary o* Caterpillar
Company is a orl) lea)in( pro)ucer o* mi)-ran(e 8%
2? : in)ustrial (as turbines *or use in poer (eneration,natural (as compression, an) pumpin( systems.
There are %2,?00E en(ines installe) in %02 countries
Solar rans as one o* the ?0 lar(est eAporters in the #nite)States
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1ur units are use) *or poer (eneration, (as compression,
an) mechanical )rie applications
-:ower generationis the pro)uction o* electrical ener(y
hether *or stan)-by or base loa) poer applications.
--as compressionapplications inclu)e (atherin( 8at the
ell hea):, transmission 8pipeline:, re-in6ection 8stora(e:,
an) pressure boost 8compression:.
-*ec6anical dri4eapplications are units sol) as prime-moers *or non-Solar paca(e) )rien e/uipment, hether
(enerators, compressors, or pumps
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Barbor Drie acility
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-as Turbines 2E*s
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2utput 1%/ *;T6ermal Eff% /%" Isentropic eApansion 8in a turbine:M hF-h> mCp8TF-T>:
>-% Constant pressure heat re6ection
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Brayton_cycle.svg7/26/2019 presentation of gas turbine
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-as TurbineminCpTin8minEm:CpTout
Sha*t poer
m/$comb
C i) C t )
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Consi)er Centaur an) ercury
Jnon
P ratio %0
TIT %F?0 JCompressor "**. 0.'@
Turbine "**. 0.'&
Beat eAchan(er e**ectieness 0.'
!mbient temperature an) pressure, F00 J, % bar
Speci*ic heat Cp %.00? N=J(-J
Speci*ic heat ratio %.>
Calculate 8a: Compressor outlet temperature 8b: Turbine out temperature 8c:
Compressor or 8): Turbine or 8e: bac or ratio 8*: "**iciency *or i)eal, actual,
an) recuperator en(ine
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irst ;a4 ( ) ( ) WVVhhQ ++= 212
2122
1
2
2
0
Vhh +=Sta(nation enthalpy
Compressor or )( 1212 TTchh p =
Turbine or )( 4343 TTchh p =
Beat input )( 2323 TTchh p =
or isentropic process ( )4
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
TTr
PP
TT ==
=
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Thermal "**iciency)(
)()(
inputenergy
outputnet work
23
1243
TTc
TTcTTc
p
pp
==
=
1
11
r
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%
232
F
>
>3
"/uipment e**iciencies
0102
01
'
02
TTTTC =
=
1
1
01
0201
0102
P
PT
TT C
=
1
0403
030403/
11
PPTTT T
'
0403
0403
TT
TT
T
=
T
S
Process %-23 an) F->3 i)eal
Process %-2 an) F-> actual
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%
232
F
>
>3
T
S
$ecuperator
?
@
Beat eAchan(er e**ectieness
0204
0205
TT
TT
=
)(
)()(
inputenergy
outputnet work
53
1243
TTc
TTcTTc
p
pp
==
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ariation o* Cp ith temperature