Presentation IPresentation IAncient GreeceAncient Greece

2000 BCE - 800 BCE

M. Bridgeo

Where is Greece?M. Bridgeo

Here’s Greece

France & Italy

©2001. Sa Majesté la Reine du Canada. Ressources naturelles Canada.

Europe

La Grèce dans l’Antiquité

The region to the east of Greece (towards Turkey and India) was known

as the Persian Empire, with whom Greece fought many epic battles.Macedonia, to the north,

from where Alexander the Great came to conquer Greece and usher in the Hellenistic Age.

M. Bridgeohttp://www.alpha-omegaonline.com/

map_greece_fr.htm.

The city of Sparta isfound in an area

commonly known asPelopennesia.

The isle of Crete, where the first Greekcivilization appeared…

They were known as the Minonans andDisappeared with no known cause.

The city of AthensIs found in an areaCommonly referred

to as Attica.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

M. Bridgeo

http://www.alpha-omegaonline.com/map_greece_fr.htm.

Ancient Greece

Cradle Western world

Commerce A mariner

A Trader Relief (land) Acropolis A Temple

City-states Monarchy Aristocracy A Tyrant

Tyranny Deception Agora Gynécée

Metics Non-citizen Democracy Attica

Immortal Olympian Polytheistic Anthropomorphic

Altars Sanctuaries Truce Oracle

Premonition Persian Empire

Offerings Grammatikos

M. Bridgeo

Ancient Greece

Just as we learned that Mesopotamia was the cradle of all civilization, it is understood that Greece is the cradle of Western Civilization …western in this sense meaning the civilizations of Europe and North America.

M. Bridgeo

Ancient Greece

With what did they provide us?

Our system of government

The sciences The Arts Writing

M. Bridgeo

http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/idb/forsey/images/syst_GOUV.gif.

http://www.courseweb.uottawa.ca/quelleethique/Tete-Science.gif.

http://www.cedcc.psu.edu/khanjan/europe_images/025_sistine%20chapel.jpg

http://blogs.univ-paris5.fr/hy08228/files/-1/214/lapidaire.jpg.

The geography of GreeceFrom this map we can clearly see that Greece is

a country of islands. It was also a very Mountainous country (80% of the

country is mountains).

Travel and trade via land was, therefore,Very difficult, as you could understand

due to the relief.

With a warm and dry climate, and not a lot ofcultivatable land, they practiced horticulture

Although they were able to grow vines and olives.

M. Bridgeo

http://www.alpha-omegaonline.com/map_greece_fr.htm.

Travel in Ancient Greece

The Greeks had to import their cereals and grains, so trade with foreign countries and the ability to travel for this purpose was very important. Their main method of transport was by, as you could well imagine, boat…here is a picture of a Greek warship, to show you the shipbuilding abilities of this seafaring nation, the trière

M. Bridgeo

http://www.mandragore2.net/dico/lexique2/navires2/galere-triere-attique-gd.jpg

Here are the important sites for the Here are the important sites for the

remainder of this presentation:remainder of this presentation:

1 2

3

4

M. Bridgeo

The Minoans On the isle of Crete is where the first Greek civilization first appeared. They were known as the Minoans.

The civilization is named for the greatest of their governors, King Minos.

It was here , in the capital of Knossos, that they built a palace bearing the same name.

It was an enormous labirynth with more than 800 rooms, all connected to one another with a beautifully crafted central courtyard. They had running water throughout the palace and incorporated toilets and baths using an advanced canal system. There are famous paintings that exist today from the inside of the palace that displayed scenes of nature and of the life in Knossos and of the Minoans. They are known as Frescos, and you will see several in this presentation…

M. Bridgeo

As previously stated, Knossos was the center of the Minoan civilization…they were a civilization advanced in such industries as technology and architecture, which they used to build the palace in 1700 BCE.

M. Bridgeo

http://www.carnet-de-voyage.net/Photos%20Cr%E8te/images/38.jpeg

The palace of KnossosM. Bridgeo

http://www.fll.vt.edu/Classics/KnossosReconstruction.jpg

Based on the information available to historians, anthropologists and archaeologists, this is a

representation of what the Palace of Knossos looked like…try and remember that this was built and sustained

almost 4000 years ago…pretty amazing.

One of the most famous frescos in the palace…

M. Bridgeo

The Three Ladies

perso.orange.fr/.../jacques.brasme/knossos.htm

The Throne Room

M. Bridgeo

www.universalis.fr/media-encyclopedie/87/PH99

It is said that this room was the center of the palace, with a large throne built against a wall with a large fresco as its backdrop…here you see the throne and the mural which

acted as the backdrop.

M. Bridgeo

www.ac-versailles.fr/.../00-01_Livre.htm

Scenes of nature were commonplace for this palace, and the art of this civilization. Here we see a water scene with dolphins and other marine life.

M. Bridgeo

http://dauphins.ifrance.com/images/vase.gif

Vases were very important in daily life for vessels for water and grains and cereals, amongst other items.

This vase is decorated in a Greek style, which you would be able to decipher from othercivilizations due to the artwork and its style.

The style has not so much to do with the actual depiction but the line and the formused by the painters.

The minotaur, in greek mythology, was a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man.

Theseus, in Greek mythology, is the greatest of athenian heros. He is the son of Aegeus (king of Athens) or Poseidon (god of the sea).

Theseus and the Minotaur

M. Bridgeo

Theseus and the Minotaur

antre.atspace.com/minotaure.html

Theseus and the MinotaurM. Bridgeo

Through these works of art, we can guage the importance of the story of Theseus and the Minotaur in the Greek tradition and culture.

http://www.alpha-omegaonline.com/minotaur_s1.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Barye_-_Thésée_Minotaure.png/392px-Barye_-_Thésée_Minotaure.png

The end of the Minoans…???

M. Bridgeo

Historical, anthropological and archaeological information leads us to believe that @ 1450 BCE the majority of the palace was destroyed as well

as the other palaces in other Minoan cities…but we do not know why.

This peaceful and prosperous civilization disappeared. Why?

There are indications of large scale fires that ravaged the areaand there has long been the assumption of a volcanic

eruption at Thera, perhaps followed by a tsunami so powerfulthat it wiped out the first Greek civilization…

but we do not know for certain.

http

://ww

w.ca

nad

ian

geog

rap

hic.ca

/atla

s/Imag

es/G

lossa

ry/La

va.jp

g

The MycenaeansWhile the Minoan civilization thrived on the isle of Crete, mainland Greece (as we know it today) was filled with tiny, agricultural communities. Invaders from the north hampered their development…until they overtook it and established a rich and powerful civilization known as the Mycenaean civilization. Contrary to the peaceful Minoan cities with few fortifications, the Mycenaeans built large walled-cities.

Also contrary to the Minoans who preceded them, the frescos of the Mycenaeans were filled with war-like images.

M. Bridgeo

The colossal walls of Mycenae

The ‘Lion’s Gate’…that protected the entrance to the city of Mycenae.

The walls of Mycenae were so massive that even the ancient Greeks thought they must have been constructed by the gods.

M. Bridgeo

http://www.dailly.info/photographies/images/grece-mycenes/photos/11-porte-aux-lions.jpg

The Mycenaeans This civilization resembled Vikings that ravaged and pillaged Europe 25 centuries later – pirates, thieves and merchants. The civilization was named after Mycenae, the site where Heinrich Schliemann undertook his archaeological digs after having discovered Troy.

The golden mask of king Agememnon, found in histomb

M. Bridgeoh

ttp

://h

ttp

://f

acu

lty.e

van

svill

e.e

du

/rl2

9/a

rt1

05

/im

g/m

yce

nae_a

gam

em

non

.jp

g

The Mycenaeans

The religious beliefs of the Mycenaeans were similar to many others of the age, characterized by polytheistic beliefs.

M. Bridgeo

The Illiad and the Odyssey The poet Homer wrote two epic poems about the Trojan War named The Iliad and The Odyssey. In modern times, we need to questions where truth and fiction part, and whether or not there is truth to any of it. From all evidence, portions of the two legends are true while others are pure imagination…it is finding the line where one crosses into the other that is key.

M. Bridgeo

http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/poetes/falc/homere/homere.jpg

What started the Trojan War?

Greeks

Helen, wife of the king of Sparta, Meneleas

Troy

Paris, the son of Priam (king of Troy)

Agamemnon, brother of Meneleas, successfully convincedthe other greek kings to seek revenge…Achilles, the bravest and

Odysseus (the craftiest) of all.

Amongst the most important events of the Trojan war were:1. Achilles pursued Hector (son of Priam) and killed him.

2. Odysseus’ ruse of leaving a trophy horse as evidence of surrender to Troy.3. The horse, filled with Greek soldiers, was towed inside the walled city of Troy.

4. At night, with soldiers drunk and sleeping, the Greeks descended from the horse to slaughter the Trojans. 5. Priam is killed

6. Helen is reunited with Meneleas

M. Bridgeo

Was kidnapped by…

The Trojan HorseM. Bridgeo

http://www.trojanhorseantiques.com/TrojanHorseMythImage.jpg

The weaponry and the protection of the soldiers

during the Trojan war The soldiers of this time period in ancient Greece had advanced technologies for war.

Watch this amazing video which demonstrates the weapons that would have been used in the Trojan War…

M. Bridgeo

Weapons and Protection - The Trojan War

The Myceaeans

All Mycenaean centers disappeared except for Athens. Mycenae itself was completely destroyed by 1100 BCE.

M. Bridgeo

What happened to the Mycenaeans?

Towards 1200 BCE, when the civilization was at its height, it seems to have imploded.

There are historians who believe that we will never understand what happened to the civilization with any certainty.

Theories, however, abound:

1. Their past, marked by violence, caught up with them; 2. A natural catastrophe in the region that is succeptible to seismic

and volcanic eruptions; 3. The possibility of a long period of drought and famine followed by

civil unrest; 4. There are indications of large scale migrations.

Mycenaens vs. Minoans

The Minoans

First Greek civilization; peaceful

The Mycenaens

Second Greek Civilization;Warring invaders, pillagers and very violent

…compared to the Vikings.

The civilization developped on theIsle of Crete.

They gave us nothing of valueWe know not how their civilization ended,

or whyTheories: volcanic explosion & tsnuami

or devastating fire

M. Bridgeo

The civilization developed on the European continent.

They gave us Homer and his epicsAs well as the Trojan War,

artwork & writing.

The OdysseyAs you have already learned, Homer wrote two epic poems, the Iliad an the Odyssey.

The Iliad (15,300 verses) was about the Trojan War between the Greeks and the city of Troy, the Trojans. The second, the Odyssey (12,110 verses) told of the return of Odysseus and his companions from the war to his home island of Ithica.

This return lasted ten long years and was full of adventure, catastrophe and interaction with the deities of the ancient Greek religion.

As you watch the film, The Odyssey, listen/watch particularly well As you watch the film, The Odyssey, listen/watch particularly well for the following which I would like you to describe;for the following which I would like you to describe;

1. Clothing of the day 2. The economy of the day 3. What monumental events transpired on the journey of Odysseus?

4. What transpired upon his return home? 5. To which deities were you introduced over the course of the film?

M. Bridgeo

FISS 10 – Les civilisations anciennesLa GrècePrésentation I – La Grèce AntiqueM. Bridgeo, WHS

Répondez aux questions ci-dessous utilisant l’information présentée contenu dans la presentation powerpoint© La Grèce Antique.

1. Où se trouve la Grèce?2. Nommez trois mers qui se trouvent autour de la Grèce. Où sont-elles situées?3. Nommez les deux cite-états les plus importants en Grèce antique. En quelles régions se

trouvent-ils?4. Pourrais-tu nommer trois industries de l’économie grecque? Lesquelles?5. Quel était le nom de la première civilisation grecque? Où se trouvait cette civilisation?6. Qui dirigait cette civilisation? Quelle était la capital?7. Qu’est-ce qu’on sait au sujet de cette civilisation (en ce qui concerne les domaines de guerre

et de l’art)?8. Quel était l’événement qui a mis fin à la civilisation? Savons-nous pour certain?9. Quelle était la deuxième civilisation grecque?10. Comment est-ce que c’était différente que la première (la paix/la guerre, religion, villes,

locale, l’art)?11. Qui est Homer? Qu’est-ce qu’il a écrit?12. Quel est le sujet de l'Iliade et de l‘Odyssée ?13. Qu’a commencé la guerre de Troie? (utilisez Grecs, Troie, Hélène, Ménélas, Pâris, Priam,

Agememnon, Achille, Ulysse, cheval dans la réponse).14. Qu’est-il arrivée à cette civilisation? Savons-nous pour certain?

M. Bridgeo