PRESENTATION: Health CoP brown bag: A proposed post-2015 development agenda - How should health be addressed

7/29/2019 PRESENTATION: Health CoP brown bag: A proposed post-2015 development agenda -How should health be addressed

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The Post 2015 Development Agenda-

Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific

Susann Roth, Senior Social Development Specialist, ADB

February, 2013, Manila

Disclaimer:The views expressed are a collection of regional perspectives and not an official position of ADB.


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Outline

Progress of MDGs (Health related) in Asia and the Pacific

Key messages from consultations

A proposed Post 2015 framework with goal areas, themesand illustrative indicators

Post 2015 Development Framework: ZEN approach

Summary


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MDG Progress in Asia

MDG 1 on Poverty and Hunger Remarkable success on poverty, but hunger remains a big

challenge.

MDG 2 on Primary Education

Enrollment rate rose from around 86% in 1999 to 94% in 2010, with 30

of 42 economies achieving net enrollment rates of 95% or higher.

MDG 3 on Gender Equality in primary education

The gap has been filled with a gender parity ratio of 0.99 in 2010,up from 0.86 in 1991.

MDG 4 on Child Mortality

Steady progress but not on track to achieve targets. In 2011, Asianchild mortality rate stood at 44 deaths per 1,000 live births, downfrom 87 in 1990. But this is still more than twice the rate of 19 in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean.


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MDG Progress in Asia

MDG 5 on Maternal Health Early signs of progress, although far too little. Many of the deaths

still occur due to lack of access to skilled birth attendants andinadequate antenatal care.

MDG 6 on Infectious Diseases The absolute number of persons living with HIV has increased

although the rate of HIV infection has declined.

MDG 7 on Environmental Sustainability Economic progress is pushing planetary boundaries.

Limited progress in WSS

MDG 8 on Development of a Global Partnership forDevelopment Flows of ODA to the region has been declining.


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Progress towards Health MDGs has beenmixed since 1990

- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Access to improved sanitation, rural

Access to improved sanitation, urban

Access to clean water, rural

Access to clean water, urban

Child mortality rate

Maternal mortality rate

Women in non-agricultural wageemployment

Gender parity, tertiary

Gender parity, secondary

Gender parity, primary

Primary completion rate

Primary enrollment rate

Underweight children

Income poverty

Distance to goal achieved by ADB developing member countries since 1990, %

Latest

2015 Forecast

2015 Target


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Asia/Pacific is different

Most economically dynamic region in the world

Massive private sector led investments and large naturalresource reserves

Most diverse region in the world

Home to more than 50% population of the world as well asmost poor people in the world

Inequality has grown in most countries

Most disaster prone and most vulnerable to climate change

Potential to make the biggest impact on climate change Fastest reduction in bio-diversity


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There are new health issues for the region

Migration

Wideninginequil-

ties

Demographic

changes

Regionalhealth

security

Weakhealthsystems

Lifestylerelated

diseases


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The consultations are participatory

Sub-regional consultations

Country/regional consultations

Expert panel seminars

InceptionMeeting at UNHQ to present

findings

The Asia/Pacificviews of the Post

2015development

agenda

Soft launch ofMDG report

May 2012 Jan 2012 March 2013 Sept 2013

The 2012/2013MDG ReportPost2015 Development

Agenda in Asiaand the Pacific:

RegionalPerspectives

Launch ofMDG report at

the UNGeneral

Assembly


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Sub-regional consultations were held

Central and EastAsia and Caucasus

Pacific Region

Southeast Asia

South Asia

Least

DevelopedCountries

The consultations were held with representatives fromgovernment agencies, civil society, think tanks, and other

stakeholders


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Key findings from the sub-regional

consultations (1)Central and EastAsia

Pacific SoutheastAsia

Least Dev.Countries

South Asia

Priorities Wellbeing for all, Leaving Poverty and Hunger behind, Employment/Decent Jobs,Gender Equality, Governance, Decreased Inequality, Climate Change Mitigation

and Adaptation, Food Security

NaturalResourceManagement

ClimateChangeMitigationandAdaptation

Education

Health Economic

Growth Living

standards

Education

Health Economic

Growth Improved

Livingstandards

Education

Health Economic

Growth Improved

Livingstandards

Convergence Keep the MDGs as unfinished business at its core (minimum standards) butexpand to cover the triple bottom line of the economic, social, and environmentalpillars considering countries development stage (supporting evidence for ZENapproach)


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Key findings from the sub-regionalconsultations (2)

Central andEast Asia

Pacific Southeast Asia Least Dev.Countries

South Asia

Architecture Agenda applicable to all countries with a global agenda setting and vision, withindicators specific to the Asia-Pacific region and target setting at the country level,

Focus on how results can be achieved and sustained at a country level.

Resources Needs to gobeyondODA

Mobilizeresourcesfromnational

budgets

Avoid aidfragmentation

StrengthenRegional andSouthSouthcooperation

Privatesector

StrengthenRegionaland SouthSouthcooperation

Leverage FDI National

budget

ODA staysveryrelevant

Moreefficientuse of ODAis

necessary Increased

allocationtoAsian/Pacific LDCs

ODA staysrelevant

Needs privatesector

StrengthenRegional andSouthSouth

cooperation Leverage FDI National

budget


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Sub-regional consultations confirm the need

to address old and new health issues

Keep HealthMDGs but

expand

MCH

CDs

NCDs

Strengthen

Health Systems

Strengthengovernance inhealth systems

Improve qualityof servicedelivery

Strengthenintersectoral

collaboration

Strengthen

Health Financing

Access tohealth

InsuranceCoverage(private and

public)


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Think piece - How to address health inthe Post 2015 Development Agenda

Global shared goal

e.g. Healthy life expectancy

Region and country specific goal themes

e.g. MCH, CDs, non-CDs, Health Systems,Health and environment

Regional, Sub-regional and national targetsRespond tocountry needs

Improve qualityof life for all

Strengthenhealth systemsand sectorgovernance


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Sub-regional consultations agree thatcountry context needs to be considered

Country Context Approach

High-income group Natural resource rehabilitation towardssustainability

and adjustments of life-style to live a healthy lifein peaceful societies within a sustainedenvironment.

Middle-incomegroup

Strengthen quality of education, availabilityof decent jobs, provide social protection andhealth insurance coverage, decouple growth

from resource-intensive production.

Low-income group Provide access (in sustainable manner) to basicservices, health, education decent jobs, shelter,WSS (social protection floor), and infrastructure.


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Changing development prioritiesin Asia-Pacific

Poverty: focus broadens to include near poor ($2) Hunger: emphasis on food and nutrition security Education: focus on skills development and education quality Health: focus on healthy life expectancy and wellbeing, regional health

security, communicable and non-communicable diseases, aging, healthimpact from disasters, strengthening health systems and health financing

and retain MMR and U-5M Gender: focus on productive participation in employment; representation in

decision making; and sexual and reproductive rights Environment: In addition to mitigation, focus on climate adaptation, disaster

risk management, sustainable urbanization, conservation of water and othernatural resources

New issues: Governance: Responsiveness, accountability, and performance of the public

sector Inequality and disparities between and within countries Improving Living Standards (urban and rural)


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Protection against risks and vulnerabilities

Growing vulnerabilities in Asia and Pacific region

Social protection missing in MDGs

Non-formal sector in region without any social protection

Household-related shocks

Problem of ageing

Vulnerability to economic shocks internal and external

Increasing frequency of natural disasters and impact of climate change

Idea of social protection floor and basic minimum guarantees

Essential health care for all

Basic income security in cases of unemployment, maternity, sickness,disability for those in active age groups without sufficient income

Income security for the elderly and disabled

Assistance to those affected by natural disasters


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Key messages from consultations

What do we need to do?

Sustain top priority on multiple dimensions of extremepoverty

Address emerging challenges related to aging, disasters,non-communicable diseases related to unhealthy lifestyle

Address governance at a global, regional and sectorallevel

Add goals for fast-growing environmental challenges

Also monitor the means and process for achieving thegoals

Establish coordinated and inclusive political approach forlocal targets around global priorities

Institutionalize a robust and inclusive monitoringmechanism


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Summary

Post 2015 development agenda needs to be applicable to allcountries with global agenda setting and vision, and targetsand indicators specific to regions and countries.

Asia/Pacific has specific challenges to address: e.g. increasingimpact from disasters, demographic changes, increasinginequality

Focus needs to stay on a core set of human developmentpriorities and equality and sustainability as underpinning

principles.

Need for ODA ++ (leveraging & SS cooperation).


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Thank you

The Economist, September 2012http://www.economist.com/node/21562210

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PRESENTATION: Health CoP brown bag: A proposed post-2015 development agenda - How should health be addressed