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Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities
STANDARDS:
SS8H2 Analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. c. Evaluate the role of diverse groups (Jews, Salzburgers, Highland Scots, and Malcontents) in settling Georgia during the Trustee Period. d. Explain the transition of Georgia into a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, alcohol, and government. e. Give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced and traded in colonial Georgia.
© Brain Wrinkles
TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes
• The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink.)
• Check the answers as a class after the presentation.
© Brain Wrinkles
TRU
STEE PER
IOD
Truste
es
•Th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 gave 2
1 tru
stees the _
_________________________ G
eorgia u
ntil 1
75
3.
•Th
ey cou
ld go
vern th
e colo
ny fo
r __________________________ , after th
at, the co
lon
y’s
govern
men
t was to
pass to
the ru
ler of En
gland
.•
To assu
re that th
ey wo
uld
no
t act __________________________ , G
eorgia’s ch
arter p
roh
ibited
several activities.•
They co
uld
no
t receive a salary, ow
n lan
d in
the co
lon
y, or _
_________________________ .
•D
urin
g the Tru
stee Perio
d, O
gletho
rpe w
as the _
_________________________
of G
eorgia.
•Th
e trustees w
ere __________________________ p
erson
ally from
decisio
ns th
ey mad
e.
Ru
les
•Th
e Trustees h
ad a p
lan fo
r Geo
rgia that in
clud
ed several _
_________________________ fo
r th
e colo
nists.
•So
me ru
les inclu
de lim
its on
land
ow
nersh
ip, n
o h
ard liq
uo
r, __________________________
, n
o C
atho
lics or Jew
s, and
inh
eritance law
s that p
assed d
ow
n fam
ily land
to so
ns o
nly.
•M
any o
f these ru
les __________________________
.
Imm
igrants
•D
espite th
e strict rules, p
eop
le from
all over Eu
rop
e heard
abo
ut th
e new
colo
ny an
d b
egan to
__________________________
. •
Man
y diverse gro
up
s, inclu
din
g the H
ighland
Scots, th
e Salzbu
rgers, and
the Jew
s, join
ed th
e settlem
ent in
Savann
ah an
d m
ade a _
_________________________ o
n th
e Geo
rgia colo
ny.
Salzbu
rgers
•Th
e largest ethn
ic grou
p d
urin
g the Tru
stee Perio
d w
ere __________________________
from
Salzb
urg (in
presen
t-day A
ustria).
•Th
e Salzbu
rgers came to
Geo
rgia in 1
73
4 seekin
g __________________________ an
d h
op
ing
to estab
lish a silk in
du
stry in th
e colo
ny.
•Th
e Salzbu
rgers were given
land
__________________________
that th
ey nam
ed Eb
enezer
(“the R
ock o
f Help
”).•
In Eb
enezer, th
ey wo
rked h
ard, b
ut th
e land
was m
arshy w
ith _
_________________________
for cro
ps.
•Th
ey eventu
ally asked O
gletho
rpe fo
r a better site an
d m
oved
to a
__________________________
on
the Savan
nah
River.
•In
New
Eben
ezer, they p
lanted
mu
lberry trees an
d _
_________________________ fro
m
silkwo
rms th
at fed o
n th
e leaves.•
They w
ere also su
ccessful in
lum
ber p
rod
uctio
n, _
_________________________ , an
d
agricultu
re.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
High
land
Scots
•O
gletho
rpe w
as con
cerned
with
the m
ilitary threat p
osed
by th
e __________________________
so h
e recruited
ano
ther gro
up
of im
migran
ts to h
elp d
efend
th
e colo
ny.
•In
Janu
ary 17
36
, __________________________
kno
wn
as the H
ighlan
d Sco
ts establish
ed the
tow
n o
f Darien
.•
The H
ighlan
d Sco
ts were fierce figh
ters well-kn
ow
n fo
r __________________________ .
•W
hen
the H
ighlan
d Sco
ts realized th
e soil w
as no
t goo
d fo
r crop
s, they estab
lished su
ccessful
timb
er and
__________________________
.•
The H
ighlan
d Sco
ts created th
e __________________________
in G
eorgia.
•In
17
39
, they sign
ed th
e __________________________
in th
e Sou
th.
•Th
e High
land
Scots w
ere __________________________
the co
lon
y against Sp
anish
in
vasion
s.
Jew
s•
In 1
73
3, a gro
up
of _
_________________________
arrived in
Savann
ah’s h
arbo
r and
asked
perm
ission
to jo
in th
e settlemen
t.•
The C
harter o
f 17
32
__________________________ fro
m settlin
g in G
eorgia, an
d O
gletho
rpe
was u
nsu
re of w
hat to
do
.•
At th
e time, th
e colo
nists _
_________________________ like scu
rvy, dysen
tery, and
fever.•
Nearly o
ne-fo
urth
of th
e colo
nists h
ad d
ied fro
m illn
ess, inclu
din
g the
__________________________
.•
Wh
en it w
as disco
vered th
at there w
as a do
ctor am
on
g the Jew
ish im
migran
ts, Ogleth
orp
e agreed
to let th
em _
_________________________
.•
__________________________
help
ed cu
re man
y of th
e colo
nists’ illn
esses. •
With
his h
elp, th
e __________________________
in th
e new
colo
ny p
assed.
•D
r. Nu
nes
becam
e Geo
rgia’s official d
octo
r and
was cred
ited w
ith h
elpin
g __________________________
.
Malco
nte
nts
•M
any co
lon
ists becam
e angry as _
_________________________ m
et the co
lon
y.•
They saw
that th
e colo
ny o
f Sou
th C
arolin
a, wh
ich allo
wed
selling lan
d, alco
ho
l, and
slaves, was
__________________________
.•
These _
_________________________
and
dem
and
ed th
e Trustees m
ake som
e chan
ges.•
Man
y of th
e malco
nten
ts had
paid
their o
wn
way to
com
e to G
eorgia an
d w
ere __________________________
off th
e land
usin
g slave labo
r.•
They b
elieved th
at the _
_________________________ kep
t the co
lon
y from
pro
sperin
g.•
The m
alcon
tents said
that _
_________________________ u
nless p
eop
le were allo
wed
to b
uy
and
sell land
and
use slaves in
their field
s.•
Ogleth
orp
e had
little time to
resolve th
e pro
blem
s becau
se a __________________________
was im
min
ent.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Span
ish Th
reat
•Th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 req
uired
Geo
rgia to _
_________________________
from
the
Span
ish in
Florid
a.•
Ogleth
orp
e began
__________________________
alon
g Geo
rgia’s barrier islan
ds w
ith th
e in
tentio
n o
f preven
ting Sp
anish
attacks from
reachin
g Savann
ah.
•W
hen
the Sp
anish
__________________________
on
the G
eorgia co
lon
y, Ogleth
orp
e, alo
ng w
ith th
e High
land
Scots an
d o
ther co
lon
ists, was p
repared
.•
In 1
74
2, a Sp
anish
forced
land
ed o
n _
_________________________
.•
Ogleth
orp
e’s mu
ch sm
aller force d
efend
ed Fo
rt Frederica an
d
__________________________
in th
e Battle o
f Blo
od
y Marsh
.•
After th
is battle, th
e Span
ish _
_________________________
to G
eorgia.
•Th
e Span
ish lo
ss marked
the b
eginn
ing o
f a __________________________
.
Truste
e En
ds
•In
the en
d, th
e Trustees’ eco
no
mic an
d so
cial plan
s for G
eorgia
__________________________
.•
Geo
rgia did
achieve its go
al of _
_________________________
from
the Sp
anish
; h
ow
ever, it failed w
ith th
e oth
er aspects o
f the Tru
stees’ plan
for a m
od
el society.
•B
y 17
50
, land
cou
ld b
e __________________________
, slavery was legal, an
d liq
uo
r was
allow
ed in
the co
lon
y.
RO
YAL C
OLO
NY
Ro
yal Co
lon
y•
In 1
75
2, th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 exp
ired an
d th
e Trustees _
_________________________
of
the co
lon
y to th
e Kin
g.•
Man
y __________________________
chan
ged o
nce G
eorgia b
ecame a ro
yal colo
ny.
•R
estriction
s on
land
ow
nersh
ip an
d slavery w
ere remo
ved an
d G
eorgia
__________________________
econ
om
ically.
Cash
Cro
ps
•W
ith lan
d restrictio
ns lifted
, colo
nists w
ere able to
bu
ild h
uge p
lantatio
ns alo
ng th
e river d
eltas wh
ere they u
sed slaves to
__________________________
in th
e fertile m
arshlan
ds.
•Th
e __________________________
and
it becam
e on
e of G
eorgia’s m
ost valu
able cash
cro
ps o
n th
e wo
rld m
arket.•
Oth
er successfu
l cash cro
ps in
clud
ed rye, w
heat, p
eas, corn
, and
__________________________
(blu
e dye w
as po
pu
lar in En
gland
).•
The co
lon
ists began
raising co
ws, _
_________________________
, mu
les, and
pigs.
•Th
ey started cu
tting d
ow
n th
e region
’s forests fo
r __________________________
.•
They also
traded
with
the A
merican
Ind
ians fo
r __________________________
.•
Soo
n, G
eorgia b
egan _
_________________________
to Eu
rop
e and
the W
est Ind
ies.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Slavery
•G
eorgia’s eco
no
my n
ow
relied h
eavily on
__________________________
.•
Geo
rgia’s enslaved
African
po
pu
lation
grew d
rastically from
less than
50
0 in
17
50
to
__________________________
in 1
77
5.
Go
vern
me
nt
•Th
e new
royal go
vernm
ent n
eeded
__________________________
, inclu
din
g an
attorn
ey general, h
ead o
f military, an
d a ro
yal govern
or.
•Th
ere was also
a __________________________
that w
as mad
e up
of a co
un
cil, cou
rt of
app
eals, and
two
represen
tatives from
each co
un
ty in th
e colo
ny.
Go
vern
ors
•K
ing G
eorge II ap
po
inted
a __________________________
to o
versee Geo
rgia’s d
evelop
men
t.•
The ro
yal govern
or acted
as the _
_________________________
in th
e colo
ny an
d
perfo
rmed
adm
inistrative d
uties.
•Th
e royal go
verno
r wield
ed great p
ow
er, bu
t also w
orked
closely
__________________________
.
Joh
n R
eyn
old
s•
Geo
rgia’s first govern
or w
as __________________________
, wh
o served
from
17
54
to
17
56
.•
He w
as a form
er __________________________
.•
Reyn
old
s had
man
y con
flicts with
the co
lon
ial legislature, so
the kin
g __________________________
.
He
nry Ellis
•__________________________
served as th
e next go
verno
r from
17
57
to 1
76
0.
•H
e wo
rked w
ell with
the legislatu
re and
the _
_________________________
.•
Ellis sho
wed
the co
lon
ists ho
w to
__________________________
, explain
ing th
e need
fo
r a bu
dget, taxes, an
d m
ilitary defen
se.•
He left o
ffice in 1
76
0 d
ue to
__________________________
.
Jame
s Wrigh
t•
Geo
rgia’s final ro
yal govern
or, _
_________________________
, served fro
m 1
76
0 to
1
77
6.
•H
e was a p
op
ular go
verno
r wh
o _
_________________________
with
the C
reek Ind
ians
that o
pen
ed u
p m
illion
s of acres fo
r settlemen
t.•
Geo
rgia pro
spered
and
__________________________
than
any o
ther En
glish co
lon
y u
nd
er Wrigh
t’s leadersh
ip.
•W
right stayed
loyal to
Englan
d w
hen
the R
evolu
tion
ary War b
egan an
d w
as __________________________
.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Legislatu
re•
In ad
ditio
n to
a govern
or, th
e new
royal go
vernm
ent also
__________________________
.•
The u
pp
er ho
use o
f the _
_________________________
legislature in
clud
ed
officials ap
po
inted
by th
e king.
•G
eorgian
s were allo
wed
to elect m
emb
ers to th
e low
er ho
use, w
hich
was G
eorgia’s
first op
po
rtun
ity at __________________________
.
Re
striction
s•
Even th
ou
gh co
lon
ists no
w h
ad a vo
ice in th
e govern
men
t, their say w
as __________________________
.•
On
ly __________________________ w
ho
ow
ned
at least 50
acres of lan
d w
ere allo
wed
to vo
te.•
A co
lon
ist cou
ld o
nly b
e elected to
the legislatu
re if he o
wn
ed m
ore th
an
__________________________
.•
The kin
g (or go
verno
r) cou
ld _
_________________________
passed
by th
e legislatu
re.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
TRU
STEE PER
IOD
Truste
es
•Th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 gave 2
1 tru
stees the righ
t to go
vern G
eorgia u
ntil 1
75
3.
•Th
ey cou
ld go
vern th
e colo
ny fo
r 21
years, after that, th
e colo
ny
’s govern
men
t was to
pass to
th
e ruler o
f Englan
d.
•To
assure th
at they w
ou
ld n
ot act o
ut o
f self-interest, G
eorgia’s ch
arter pro
hib
ited several
activities.•
They co
uld
no
t receive a salary, ow
n lan
d in
the co
lon
y, or h
old
pu
blic o
ffice.•
Du
ring th
e Trustee P
eriod
, Ogleth
orp
e was th
e un
official lead
er of G
eorgia.
•Th
e trustees w
ere no
t allow
ed to
ben
efit perso
nally fro
m d
ecision
s they m
ade.
Ru
les
•Th
e Trustees h
ad a p
lan fo
r Geo
rgia that in
clud
ed several strict ru
les for th
e colo
nists.
•So
me ru
les inclu
de lim
its on
land
ow
nersh
ip, n
o h
ard liq
uo
r, no
slavery, no
Cath
olics o
r Jews,
and
inh
eritance law
s that p
assed d
ow
n fam
ily land
to so
ns o
nly.
•M
any o
f these ru
les angered
Geo
rgia’s colo
nists.
Imm
igrants
•D
espite th
e strict rules, p
eop
le from
all over Eu
rop
e heard
abo
ut th
e new
colo
ny an
d b
egan
to im
migrate th
ere. •
Man
y diverse gro
up
s, inclu
din
g the H
ighlan
d Sco
ts, the Salzb
urgers, an
d th
e Jews, jo
ined
the
settlemen
t in Savan
nah
and
mad
e a significan
t imp
act on
the G
eorgia co
lon
y.
Salzbu
rgers
•Th
e largest ethn
ic grou
p d
urin
g the Tru
stee Perio
d w
ere Germ
an P
rotestan
ts from
Salzbu
rg (in
presen
t-day A
ustria).
•Th
e Salzbu
rgers came to
Geo
rgia in 1
73
4 seekin
g religiou
s freedo
m an
d h
op
ing to
establish
a silk in
du
stry in th
e colo
ny.
•Th
e Salzbu
rgers were given
land
25
miles n
orth
of Savan
nah
that th
ey nam
ed Eb
enezer (“th
e R
ock o
f Help
”).•
In Eb
enezer, th
ey wo
rked h
ard, b
ut th
e land
was m
arshy w
ith p
oo
r soil fo
r crop
s.•
They even
tually asked
Ogleth
orp
e for a b
etter site and
mo
ved to
a new
locatio
n o
n th
e Savan
nah
River.
•In
New
Eben
ezer, they p
lanted
mu
lberry trees an
d cu
ltivated silk fro
m silkw
orm
s that fed
on
th
e leaves.•
They w
ere also su
ccessful in
lum
ber p
rod
uctio
n, cattle raisin
g, and
agricultu
re.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
High
land
Scots
•O
gletho
rpe w
as con
cerned
with
the m
ilitary threat p
osed
by th
e Span
ish in
Florid
a so h
e recru
ited an
oth
er grou
p o
f imm
igrants to
help
defen
d th
e colo
ny.
•In
Janu
ary 17
36
, 17
7 Sco
ttish so
ldiers kn
ow
n as th
e High
land
Scots estab
lished
the to
wn
of
Darien
.•
The H
ighlan
d Sco
ts were fierce figh
ters well-kn
ow
n fo
r bravery in
battle.
•W
hen
the H
ighlan
d Sco
ts realized th
e soil w
as no
t goo
d fo
r crop
s, they estab
lished
successfu
l tim
ber an
d cattle in
du
stries.•
The H
ighlan
d Sco
ts created th
e first Presb
yterian C
hu
rch in
Geo
rgia.•
In 1
73
9, th
ey signed
the first an
ti-slavery petitio
n in
the So
uth
.•
The H
ighlan
d Sco
ts were cru
cial in d
efend
ing th
e colo
ny again
st Span
ish in
vasion
s.
Jew
s•
In 1
73
3, a gro
up
of 4
2 P
ortu
guese Jew
s arrived in
Savann
ah’s h
arbo
r and
asked p
ermissio
n to
jo
in th
e settlemen
t.•
The C
harter o
f 17
32
forb
ade Jew
s from
settling in
Geo
rgia, and
Ogleth
orp
e was u
nsu
re of
wh
at to d
o.
•A
t the tim
e, the co
lon
ists faced m
any illn
esses like scurvy, d
ysentery, an
d fever.
•N
early on
e-fou
rth o
f the co
lon
ists had
died
from
illness, in
clud
ing th
e colo
ny
’s on
ly do
ctor.
•W
hen
it was d
iscovered
that th
ere was a d
octo
r amo
ng th
e Jewish
imm
igrants, O
gletho
rpe
agreed to
let them
join
the settlem
ent.
•D
octo
r Samu
el Nu
nes
help
ed cu
re man
y of th
e colo
nists’ illn
esses. •
With
his h
elp, th
e med
ical crisis in th
e new
colo
ny p
assed.
•D
r. Nu
nes
becam
e Geo
rgia’s official d
octo
r and
was cred
ited w
ith h
elpin
g save the co
lon
y.
Malco
nte
nts
•M
any co
lon
ists becam
e angry as eco
no
mic h
ardsh
ip m
et the co
lon
y.•
They saw
that th
e colo
ny o
f Sou
th C
arolin
a, wh
ich allo
wed
selling lan
d, alco
ho
l, and
slaves, w
as very successfu
l.•
These “m
alcon
tents” w
ere no
t hap
py an
d d
eman
ded
the Tru
stees make so
me ch
anges.
•M
any o
f the m
alcon
tents h
ad p
aid th
eir ow
n w
ay to co
me to
Geo
rgia and
were h
op
ing to
get rich
off th
e land
usin
g slave labo
r.•
They b
elieved th
at the Tru
stees’ po
licies kept th
e colo
ny fro
m p
rosp
ering.
•Th
e malco
nten
ts said th
at Geo
rgia wo
uld
never gro
w u
nless p
eop
le were allo
wed
to b
uy an
d
sell land
and
use slaves in
their field
s.•
Ogleth
orp
e had
little time to
resolve th
e pro
blem
s becau
se a Span
ish in
vasion
was im
min
ent.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Span
ish Th
reat
•Th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 req
uired
Geo
rgia to p
rotect So
uth
Caro
lina fro
m th
e Span
ish in
Florid
a.•
Ogleth
orp
e began
bu
ildin
g forts alo
ng G
eorgia’s b
arrier island
s with
the in
tentio
n o
f p
reventin
g Span
ish attacks fro
m reach
ing Savan
nah
.•
Wh
en th
e Span
ish b
egan an
invasio
n o
n th
e Geo
rgia colo
ny, O
gletho
rpe, alo
ng w
ith th
e H
ighlan
d Sco
ts and
oth
er colo
nists, w
as prep
ared.
•In
17
42
, a Span
ish fo
rced lan
ded
on
St Simo
ns Islan
d.
•O
gletho
rpe’s m
uch
smaller fo
rce defen
ded
Fort Fred
erica and
defeated
the Sp
anish
in th
e B
attle of B
loo
dy M
arsh.
•A
fter this b
attle, the Sp
anish
gave up
all claims to
Geo
rgia.•
The Sp
anish
loss m
arked th
e begin
nin
g of a safe so
uth
ern b
ord
er.
Truste
e En
ds
•In
the en
d, th
e Trustees’ eco
no
mic an
d so
cial plan
s for G
eorgia p
roved
un
successfu
l.•
Geo
rgia did
achieve its go
al of d
efend
ing So
uth
Caro
lina fro
m th
e Span
ish; h
ow
ever, it failed
with
the o
ther asp
ects of th
e Trustees’ p
lan fo
r a mo
del so
ciety.•
By 1
75
0, lan
d co
uld
be b
ou
ght an
d so
ld, slavery w
as legal, and
liqu
or w
as allow
ed in
the
colo
ny.
RO
YAL C
OLO
NY
Ro
yal Co
lon
y•
In 1
75
2, th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 exp
ired an
d th
e Trustees su
rrend
ered co
ntro
l of th
e colo
ny to
th
e Kin
g.•
Man
y rules an
d regu
lation
s chan
ged o
nce G
eorgia b
ecame a ro
yal colo
ny.
•R
estriction
s on
land
ow
nersh
ip an
d slavery w
ere remo
ved an
d G
eorgia b
egan to
pro
sper
econ
om
ically.
Cash
Cro
ps
•W
ith lan
d restrictio
ns lifted
, colo
nists w
ere able to
bu
ild h
uge p
lantatio
ns alo
ng th
e river d
eltas wh
ere they u
sed slaves to
cultivate rice in
the fertile m
arshlan
ds.
•Th
e tob
acco in
du
stry bo
om
ed an
d it b
ecame o
ne o
f Geo
rgia’s mo
st valuab
le cash cro
ps o
n
the w
orld
market.
•O
ther su
ccessful cash
crop
s inclu
ded
rye, wh
eat, peas, co
rn, an
d in
digo
(blu
e dye w
as p
op
ular in
Englan
d).
•Th
e colo
nists b
egan raisin
g cow
s, ho
rses, mu
les, and
pigs.
•Th
ey started cu
tting d
ow
n th
e region
’s forests fo
r lum
ber.
•Th
ey also trad
ed w
ith th
e Am
erican In
dian
s for an
imal h
ides.
•So
on
, Geo
rgia began
expo
rting th
ese pro
du
cts to Eu
rop
e and
the W
est Ind
ies.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Slavery
•G
eorgia’s eco
no
my n
ow
relied h
eavily on
slave labo
r.•
Geo
rgia’s enslaved
African
po
pu
lation
grew d
rastically from
less than
50
0 in
17
50
to
18
,00
0in
17
75
.
Go
vern
me
nt
•Th
e new
royal go
vernm
ent n
eeded
new
govern
men
t officials, in
clud
ing an
attorn
ey gen
eral, head
of m
ilitary, and
a royal go
verno
r.•
There w
as also a legislatu
reth
at was m
ade u
p o
f a cou
ncil, co
urt o
f app
eals, and
two
rep
resentatives fro
m each
cou
nty in
the co
lon
y.
Go
vern
ors
•K
ing G
eorge II ap
po
inted
a royal go
verno
r to o
versee Geo
rgia’s develo
pm
ent.
•Th
e royal go
verno
r acted as th
e king
’s voice in
the co
lon
y and
perfo
rmed
ad
min
istrative du
ties.•
The ro
yal govern
or w
ielded
great po
wer, b
ut also
wo
rked clo
sely with
the legislatu
re.
Joh
n R
eyn
old
s•
Geo
rgia’s first govern
or w
as Joh
n R
eyno
lds, w
ho
served fro
m 1
754
to 1
75
6.
•H
e was a fo
rmer n
aval officer.
•R
eyno
lds h
ad m
any co
nflicts w
ith th
e colo
nial legislatu
re, so th
e king revo
ked h
is p
ositio
n.
He
nry Ellis
•Exp
lorer H
enry Ellis served
as the n
ext govern
or fro
m 1
75
7 to
17
60
.•
He w
orked
well w
ith th
e legislature an
d th
e Am
erican In
dian
s.•
Ellis sho
wed
the co
lon
ists ho
w to
govern
them
selves, explain
ing th
e need
for a b
ud
get, taxes, an
d m
ilitary defen
se.•
He left o
ffice in 1
76
0 d
ue to
po
or h
ealth.
Jame
s Wrigh
t•
Geo
rgia’s final ro
yal govern
or, Jam
es Wrigh
t, served fro
m 1
76
0 to
17
76
.•
He w
as a po
pu
lar govern
or w
ho
nego
tiated im
po
rtant treaties w
ith th
e Creek In
dian
s th
at op
ened
up
millio
ns o
f acres for settlem
ent.
•G
eorgia p
rosp
ered an
d grew
faster than
any o
ther En
glish co
lon
y un
der W
right’s
leadersh
ip.
•W
right stayed
loyal to
Englan
d w
hen
the R
evolu
tion
ary War b
egan an
d w
as eventu
ally arrested
.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
Legislatu
re•
In ad
ditio
n to
a govern
or, th
e new
royal go
vernm
ent also
inclu
ded
a legislature.
•Th
e up
per h
ou
se of th
e bicam
erallegislature in
clud
ed o
fficials app
oin
ted b
y the kin
g.•
Geo
rgians w
ere allow
ed to
elect mem
bers to
the lo
wer h
ou
se, wh
ich w
as Geo
rgia’s first o
pp
ortu
nity at self-go
vernm
ent.
Re
striction
s•
Even th
ou
gh co
lon
ists no
w h
ad a vo
ice in th
e govern
men
t, their say w
as still limited
.•
On
ly wh
ite male citizen
s wh
o o
wn
ed at least 5
0 acres o
f land
were allo
wed
to vo
te.•
A co
lon
ist cou
ld o
nly b
e elected to
the legislatu
re if he o
wn
ed m
ore th
an 5
00
acres of
land
.•
The kin
g (or go
verno
r) cou
ld veto
any law
passed
by th
e legislature.
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
1.Phones off and away
2.Take out a pencil and yesterday’s notes
3.Sit quietly… remember your entry determines your dismissal.
AmeAme
From Trustees to a Royal Colony
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
• The Charter of 1732 gave 21 trustees the right to govern Georgia until 1753.
• They could govern the colony for 21 years, after that, the colony’s government was to pass to the ruler of England.
• To assure that they would not act out of self-interest, Georgia’s charter prohibited several activities.
© Brain Wrinkles
• They could not receive a salary, own land in the colony, or hold public office.
• During the Trustee Period, Oglethorpe was the unofficial leader of Georgia.
• The trustees were not allowed to benefit personally from decisions they made.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Seal of the Trustees
• The Trustees had a plan for Georgia that included several strict rules for the colonists.
• Some rules include limits on land ownership, no hard liquor, no slavery, no Catholics or Jews, and inheritance laws that passed down family land to sons only.
• Many of these rules angered Georgia’s colonists.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Despite the strict rules, people from all over Europe heard about the new colony and began to immigrate there.
• Many diverse groups, including the Highland Scots, the Salzburgers, and the Jews, joined the settlement in Savannah and made a significant impact on the Georgia colony.
© Brain Wrinkles
• The largest ethnic group during the Trustee Period were German Protestants from Salzburg (in present-day Austria).
• The Salzburgers came to Georgia in 1734 seeking religious freedom and hoping to establish a silk industry in the colony.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
“The Expulsion of the Salzburgers”
• The Salzburgers were given land 25 miles north of Savannah that they named Ebenezer (“the Rock of Help”).
• In Ebenezer, they worked hard, but the land was marshy with poor soil for crops.
• They eventually asked Oglethorpe for a better site and moved to a new location on the Savannah River.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Salzburgers
• In New Ebenezer, they planted mulberry trees and cultivated silk from silkworms that fed on the leaves.
• They were also successful in lumber production, cattle raising, and agriculture.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Salzburgers & Silkworms
• Oglethorpe was concerned with the military threat posed by the Spanish in Florida so he recruited another group of immigrants to help defend the colony.
• In January 1736, 177 Scottish soldiers known as the Highland Scots established the town of Darien.
• The Highland Scots were fierce fighters well-known for bravery in battle.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Highland Scots
• When the Highland Scots realized the soil was not good for crops, they established successful timber and cattle industries.
• The Highland Scots created the first Presbyterian Church in Georgia.
• In 1739, they signed the first anti-slavery petition in the South.
• The Highland Scots were crucial in defending the colony against Spanish invasions.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Highland Scots’ Settlement in Darien
• In 1733, a group of 42 Portuguese Jews arrived in Savannah’s harbor and asked permission to join the settlement.
• The Charter of 1732 forbade Jews from settling in Georgia, and Oglethorpe was unsure of what to do.
© Brain Wrinkles
• At the time, the colonists faced many illnesses like scurvy, dysentery, and fever.
• Nearly one-fourth of the colonists had died from illness, including the colony’s only doctor.
• When it was discovered that there was a doctor among the Jewish immigrants, Oglethorpe agreed to let them join the settlement.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Doctor Samuel Nunes helped cure many of the colonists’ illnesses.
• With his help, the medical crisis in the new colony passed.
• Dr. Nunes became Georgia’s official doctor and was credited with helping save the colony.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Many colonists became angry as economic hardship met the colony.
• They saw that the colony of South Carolina, which allowed selling land, alcohol, and slaves, was very successful.
• These “malcontents” were not happy and demanded the Trustees make some changes.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Many of the malcontents had paid their own way to come to Georgia and were hoping to get rich off the land using slave labor.
• They believed that the Trustees’ policies kept the colony from prospering.
• The malcontents said that Georgia would never grow unless people were allowed to buy and sell land and use slaves in their fields.
• Oglethorpe had little time to resolve the problems because a Spanish invasion was imminent.
© Brain Wrinkles
• The Charter of 1732 required Georgia to protect South Carolina from the Spanish in Florida.
• Oglethorpe began building forts along Georgia’s barrier islands with the intention of preventing Spanish attacks from reaching Savannah.
• When the Spanish began an invasion on the Georgia colony, Oglethorpe, along with the Highland Scots and other colonists, was prepared.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Fort Frederica
• In 1742, a Spanish forced landed on St Simons Island.
• Oglethorpe’s much smaller force defended Fort Frederica and defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
• After this battle, the Spanish gave up all claims to Georgia.
• The Spanish loss marked the beginning of a safe southern border.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Battle of Bloody Marsh
• In the end, the Trustees’ economic and social plans for Georgia proved unsuccessful.
• Georgia did achieve its goal of defending South Carolina from the Spanish; however, it failed with the other aspects of the Trustees’ plan for a model society.
• By 1750, land could be bought and sold, slavery was legal, and liquor was allowed in the colony.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
• In 1752, the Charter of 1732 expired and the Trustees surrendered control of the colony to the King.
• Many rules and regulations changed once Georgia became a royal colony.
• Restrictions on land ownership and slavery were removed and Georgia began to prosper economically.
© Brain Wrinkles
• With land restrictions lifted, colonists were able to build huge plantations along the river deltas where they used slaves to cultivate rice in the fertile marshlands.
• The tobacco industry boomed and it became one of Georgia’s most valuable cash crops on the world market.
• Other successful cash crops included rye, wheat, peas, corn, and indigo (blue dye was popular in England).
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
• The colonists began raising cows, horses, mules, and pigs.
• They started cutting down the region’s forests for lumber.
• They also traded with the American Indians for animal hides.
• Soon, Georgia began exporting these products to Europe and the West Indies.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Georgia’s economy now relied heavily on slave labor.
• Georgia’s enslaved African population grew drastically from less than 500 in 1750 to 18,000 in 1775.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Slavery in Colonial Georgia
• The new royal government needed new government officials, including an attorney general, head of military, and a royal governor.
• There was also a legislature that was made up of a council, court of appeals, and two representatives from each county in the colony.
© Brain Wrinkles
• King George II appointed a royal governor to oversee Georgia’s development.
• The royal governor acted as the king’s voice in the colony and performed administrative duties.
• The royal governor wielded great power, but also worked closely with the legislature.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Georgia’s first governor was John Reynolds, who served from 1754 to 1756.
• He was a former naval officer.
• Reynolds had many conflicts with the colonial legislature, so the king revoked his position.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
John Reynolds
• Explorer Henry Ellis served as the next governor from 1757 to 1760.
• He worked well with the legislature and the American Indians.
• Ellis showed the colonists how to govern themselves, explaining the need for a budget, taxes, and military defense.
• He left office in 1760 due to poor health.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Georgia’s final royal governor, James Wright, served from 1760 to 1776.
• He was a popular governor who negotiated important treaties with the Creek Indians that opened up millions of acres for settlement.
• Georgia prospered and grew faster than any other English colony under Wright’s leadership.
• Wright stayed loyal to England when the Revolutionary War began and was eventually arrested.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
James Wright
• In addition to a governor, the new royal government also included a legislature.
• The upper house of the bicameral legislature included officials appointed by the king.
• Georgians were allowed to elect members to the lower house, which was Georgia’s first opportunity at self-government.
© Brain Wrinkles
• Even though colonists now had a voice in the government, their say was still limited.
• Only white male citizens who owned at least 50 acres of land were allowed to vote.
• A colonist could only be elected to the legislature if he owned more than 500 acres of land.
• The king (or governor) could veto any law passed by the legislature.
© Brain Wrinkles
TEACHER INFO: Georgia’s Colonists Chart
• Print off the Georgia’s Colonists graphic organizer for each student.
• Students will complete the graphic organizer after discussing the presentation.
• Check answers as a class at the end of the presentation to be sure that all charts are completed correctly.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Historical Background Impact on GA Illustration
Salzburgers
Highland Scots
Jews
Malcontents
Directions: Complete the chart below after discussing the presentation.
© Brain Wrinkles
Historical Background Impact on GA Illustration
Salzburgers
German Protestants from Salzburg (Austria); came to GA seeking religious freedom and hoping to establish a silk industry
Created the town of Ebenezer; planted mulberry trees and cultivated silk from silkworms; also successful in lumber production, cattle raising, and agriculture
Will vary
Highland Scots
Oglethorpe was worried about Spanish threat in FL, recruited brave soldiers from Scotland; 177 Scottish soldiers established the town of Darien
Well-known for bravery in battle—helped defeat Spanish at Battle of Bloody Marsh; established successful timber and cattle industries; created first Presbyterian Church in GA
Will vary
Jews
42 Portuguese Jews arrived in the Savannah harbor; Oglethorpe wasn’t sure what to do as the Charter of 1732 forbid Jews from settling
Many colonists were very sick and 1 of the Jews was a doctor; Oglethorpe let them stay & Dr. Nunes nursed many colonists back to health
Will vary
Malcontents
Were not happy with Trustees rules (slavery, land control, liquor); believed the policies kept GA from being successful
Saw how prosperous South Carolina was because of slavery, and demanded changes in GA
Will vary
Directions: Complete the chart below after discussing the presentation.
TEACHER INFO: Cookin’ Up A Colony
• Print off the Cookin’ Up A Colony handouts for each student. *Print front-to-back to save paper.
• On the first sheet, the students will summarize what each of the three groups contributed to the colony of Georgia.
• On the back, the students will write a recipe for the colony of Georgia that describes how it was “made”.
© Brain Wrinkles
Directions: In the jars below, explain what each group contributed to the colony of Georgia.
© Brain Wrinkles
Salzburgers
HighlandScots
Jews
Directions: Write a “recipe” for the colony of Georgia. Include several ingredients that were used to form the colony. Also, write out the special cooking instructions for bringing the colony together.
© Brain Wrinkles
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ingredients:______
Instructions:
TEACHER INFO: Venn Diagram
• Print off the Venn diagram handout for each student.
• The students will compare and contrast the Trustee Period and the Royal Colony period of Georgia’s history. They should include at least 3 similarities and differences.
© Brain Wrinkles
Compare and ContrastTrustee Period
© Brain Wrinkles
Royal Colony
TEACHER INFO: Throwback Thursday
• Print off the Throwback Thursday handout for each student.
• The students will imagine that they time traveled to the 1700s and will draw the last 6 pictures in their Instagram feed. (All of the pictures should directly relate to important information learned during this unit.)
• Next, they will write a caption that explains what’s happening in the picture to all of their followers.
© Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles
Directions: Imagine that you time traveled to the 1700s. What would the last six pictures in your Instagram feed look like? All of the pictures should directly relate to important information that you have learned during this unit. Next, write a caption that explains what’s happening in the picture to all of your followers.
TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check
• Print off the Comprehension Check handout for each student.
• Students will complete the assignment after discussing the presentation. This can also be used as a quiz!
© Brain Wrinkles
1. W
hat w
as the n
ame given
to th
e Germ
an (A
ustria to
day) P
rotestan
ts wh
o cam
e to
Geo
rgian th
e 17
30
s seeking religio
us freed
om
?
2. W
hat in
du
stry did
the Salzb
urgers h
op
e to estab
lish in
Geo
rgia by gro
win
g mu
lberry
trees?
3. O
gletho
rpe w
as con
cerned
abo
ut a m
ilitary invasio
n fro
m w
ho
m?
4. W
ho
were th
e High
land
Scots?
5. W
hich
grou
p o
f settlers had
to ask p
ermissio
n to
join
the co
lon
y becau
se they w
ere o
riginally p
roh
ibited
in th
e charter?
6. If O
gletho
rpe h
ad tu
rned
the Jew
s away w
hen
they arrived
in G
eorgia, h
ow
do
you
th
ink th
at wo
uld
have affected
the co
lon
y?
7. W
hat d
id O
gletho
rpe d
o to
prep
are for a p
ossib
le Span
ish in
vasion
?
8. W
hat w
as the n
ame o
f the b
attle that en
ded
Span
ish claim
s to lan
d in
Geo
rgia?
9. W
ho
were th
e malco
nten
ts?
10
. Wh
y were th
e laws o
f the G
eorgia co
lon
y overtu
rned
?
11
. After th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 exp
ired, G
eorgia b
ecame w
hat kin
d o
f colo
ny?
12
. Ho
w m
any ro
yal govern
ors d
id G
eorgia h
ave befo
re stateho
od
?
13
. Wh
at kind
s of go
od
s and
services were p
rod
uced
and
traded
in co
lon
ial Geo
rgia?
© B
rain
Wrin
kles
1. W
hat w
as the n
ame given
to th
e Germ
an (A
ustria to
day) P
rotestan
ts wh
o cam
e to
Geo
rgian th
e 17
30
s seeking religio
us freed
om
?Salzb
urgers
2. W
hat in
du
stry did
the Salzb
urgers h
op
e to estab
lish in
Geo
rgia by gro
win
g mu
lberry
trees?Silk3
. Ogleth
orp
e was co
ncern
ed ab
ou
t a military in
vasion
from
wh
om
?Sp
anish
in Flo
rida
4. W
ho
were th
e High
land
Scots?
Fierce sold
iers wh
o cam
e to G
eorgia to
help
defen
d th
e colo
ny
5. W
hich
grou
p o
f settlers had
to ask p
ermissio
n to
join
the co
lon
y becau
se they w
ere o
riginally p
roh
ibited
in th
e charter?
Jews
6. If O
gletho
rpe h
ad tu
rned
the Jew
s away w
hen
they arrived
in G
eorgia, h
ow
do
you
th
ink th
at wo
uld
have affected
the co
lon
y?A
nsw
ers will vary
7. W
hat d
id O
gletho
rpe d
o to
prep
are for a p
ossib
le Span
ish in
vasion
?R
ecruited
High
land
Scots an
d o
ther co
lon
ists to b
ecom
e sold
iers, bu
ilt forts o
n
Geo
rgia’s barrier islan
ds
8. W
hat w
as the n
ame o
f the b
attle that en
ded
Span
ish claim
s to lan
d in
Geo
rgia?B
attle of B
loo
dy M
arsh9
. Wh
o w
ere the m
alcon
tents?
Geo
rgia settlers wh
o argu
ed to
chan
ge the law
s of th
e Geo
rgia colo
ny
10
. Wh
y were th
e laws o
f the G
eorgia co
lon
y overtu
rned
?Eco
no
mic reaso
ns
11
. After th
e Ch
arter of 1
73
2 exp
ired, G
eorgia b
ecame w
hat kin
d o
f colo
ny?
Ro
yal colo
ny
12
. Ho
w m
any ro
yal govern
ors d
id G
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TEACHER INFO: TICKET OUT THE DOOR
• Print out the exit slip page for each student (two-per-page).
Have the students write down one thing they would change from Georgia’s colonial period history. They should
explain their answers.
• After class, read over the slips and share some of the “fix its” the next day.
© Brain Wrinkles
If you could change one event from Georgia’s colonial period, what would it be? Explain your answer.
© Brain Wrinkles © Brain Wrinkles
Name: Name:
If you could change one event from Georgia’s colonial period, what would it be? Explain your answer.
Thank you so much for downloading this file. I sincerely hope you find it helpful and that your students learn a lot from it! I look forward to reading your feedback in my store.
If you like this file, you might want to check out some of my other products that teach social studies topics in creative, engaging, and hands-on ways.
Best wishes,
Ansley at Brain Wrinkles
© Brain Wrinkles. Your download includes a limited use license from Brain Wrinkles. The purchaser may use the resource for personal classroom use only. The license is not transferable to another person. Other teachers should purchase their own license through my store.
This resource is not to be used:• By an entire grade level, school, or district without purchasing the proper number of licenses. For
school/district licenses at a discount, please contact me.• As part of a product listed for sale or for free by another individual.• On shared databases.• Online in any way other than on password-protected website for student use only.
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