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Advanced Wireless Communications CourseAAiT, Addis Ababa, Tuesday 11/02/2014

3G and 4G small cellsGroup Member 1 Abdurehman AbrahimGroup Member 2 Ephrem BezabehGroup Member 3 Biruk EyasuGroup Member 4 Takele Lelago

Group Member 5 Lejalem MitikieGroup Member 6 Tawetu Abreha

Group Member 7 Nuredin Tola

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Background

Small cells is an umbrella term for low -powered radioaccess nodes that operate in licensed and unlicensedspectrum and typically have a range of 10 metres toseveral hundred metres

The term small cells covers femtocells, picocells,microcells and metrocells

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Fig.1 Small cells of all types form an integral part of modern mobile networks

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Why do we need small cells?

The ever increasing thirst for wireless data :

Mobile networks in many countries have shifted from beingpredominantly voice networks to become primarily data.UK operator Hutchison 3 reported [1] in November 2011that over 97% of its traffic was data.

Application vendors has emerged, reliant on always on,high speed, low-latency wireless connectivity

Data rate up to 42Mbit/s over 3G, 4G/LTE and LTE- Advanced offer over 100Mbit/s

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3G and $G small cells

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The range of technical solutions: An analysis of thiscapacity growth reveals that the vast majority wasachieved by spectrum re-use through the rollout of agreater number of cells

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Technique capacity

Frequency Division 5

Modulation techniques 5

Access to wider range of frequency spectrum 25

Frequency reuse through more cell sites 1600

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To address the Growing Demand for Data by increasingcarriers capacity & coverage needs.

For capacity hot spots in dense urban areas. For indoor & outdoor coverage Small size Low power Operator managed Multi-technology (UMTS/HSPA/LTE/Wi-Fi) Installed on existing buildings, traffic-poles & light-poles.

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Benefits There are several distinct applications for small cell:

Residential Enterprise Metro and public space Rural applications

Significantly increase the capacity in the samebandwidth Significantly reduce the energy consumption of networks Better quality of experience

Deliver high quality of air interface End users benefit from more reliable data connections and

higher data throughput

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Challenges :

Greater potential for interference

More handovers, requiring efficient and higher capacityto handle the higher signaling traffic and transactionrates.

site acquisition location , planning permission

Power availability for operation

3G and $G small cells

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Backhaul user privacy could be at risk as most traffic passes

through an ip-based backhaul network, which might notbe under the full control of the operator

There is more neighbour management, with neighbourlists and other data to be negotiated and managed

across clusters of small cells and their larger cousins.

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