presentation colony

8/7/2019 presentation colony

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Welcome !!! Presenter:

Dr G S BajpaiCommonwealth Fellow

Department of Criminology

University of Leicester(UK)[email protected]

http://www.forensic.to/webhome/drgsbajpai


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The presentation isavailable at

http://www.forensic.to/webhome/drgsbajpai/presentation.ppt


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India:

Policing a Post Colonial Inheritance?

Seminar Question:

To what extent have the IndianIndianpolicepolice overcome the colonialcolonial

inheritance?


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On Colonialism

As per Oxford dictionary theword colonialism has fairly

recently acquired the meaningof "alleged policy of exploitationof backward or weak peoples by

a large power."(http://www.postcolonialweb.org/poldiscourse/colony2.html)


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OnOn ColonialismColonialism

Colonialism is a system in which a stateclaims sovereignty over territory and

people outside its own boundaries, oftento facilitate economic domination overtheir resources, labor, and often markets.The term also refers to a set of beliefsused to legitimate or promote this

system, especially the belief that themores of the colonizer are superior tothose of the colonized.


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Basic Police Data I

The Indian Police cater to One Billion plusPopulation

India is a union of 30 states and 7 union

territories (Area 3,287,263 sq km) Police are a State subject

Each state/ union territory has its ownseparate police force

There are central police organisations forspecialised work.


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Basic Police Data II The total combined strength of the

state/union territory police forces: 14,49,761

The strength of CPOs - 5,28,370.

Police- Population Ratio- 10: 10,000

Police Area Ratio: 34 Policemen per Sq KM.

85% are constables


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The Police System - A Colonial Legacy ?

The police system in India wasestablished by the Police Act of 1861

This legislation came in the wake ofthe Indian Sepoy Mutinyof 1857

Aim was to quell rebellion &

Perpetuate the rule


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The Police Act produced A Police

Force:

totally subservient to the executive

accountable to anyone except theirown hierarchy and theexecutive;whose managerial

philosophy was based on distrust ofthe lower ranks; highly militaristicand authoritarian in design


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Making of Colonial Police- Features

1. Police made subservient toexecutive and not community

2. Accountability crisis

3. Duel control

4. Structurally embedded Elitistbias

(contd)


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Making of Colonial Police- Features5. Managerial and record keeping

practices

6. Judicial distrust

7. Recruitment

8.Training (outdoor and physical vs.

indoor and academic)


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9. Partisan and political Image of

Police10. Authoritarian/Militaristic

/Regimental

11.Brutal and arrogant


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11. Lacked transparency

12. Insensitive to people

13. Police subculture brand


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The Police System - A Colonial Legacy ?

The British Govt appointed IndianPolice Commission( 1902-03) said-

The police force is far fromefficient, it is defective in trainingand organization, it is inadequatelysupervised, it is generally regarded

as corrupt and oppressive, and ithas utterly failed to secure theconfidence and cordial cooperationof the people.


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The Debate

To what extenthave theIndian police overcomethe colonial inheritance?


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After Independence_

Shadow of ColonialismThe advent of Independence changedthe political system, but the police

system remained more or lessunaltered:

The Police Act of 1861 or state

legislation modeled on the Actcontinued to govern it.

(contd..)


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Overcoming may be traced infollowing initiatives:

1. Police Reforms:

Appointment of Police Reform

commission by the states

Gore committee on Police training,1971

National Police Commission 1979-81

(Contd)


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Overcoming. The Ribeiro Committee on Police

Reforms, 1998

The Padmanabhaiah Committeeon Police Reforms, 2000

The National Human Rights

Commission, 1993 The NGOs movement - The

CHRI's Initiatives


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Indian Police Overcoming

colonialism by 2. Structural Changes

Specialized Units (women, juvenile,

weaker sections, rural, etc)

IOs number enhanced


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colonialism by3.Police training

Varied inputs

Forensic

Weaponry

Computer

Human RightsContd.


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colonialism byCommunity policing

Human Rights sensitization

Police complaint system

Media Audit

Judicial Activism


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Individual Police InitiativesCommunity policing

Modernisation Police image

Leadership


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Concluding: Overcoming is possible by reforms

Reforms at four levels

1. Government- ( highly inadequate)

2. Within organization( somewhat OK)

3. Public ( beginning )

4. Civil society ( Effective)


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Concluding: Reforms to overcome

colonialism:

1. Repealing Police Act 1861

2. Introduction of NPCsrecommendations:

New Police Act

Security commission


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Additional Readings1. Police and Crime by Dr. Anand Swarup

Gupta

2. Defenders of Establishment- RulerSupportive Police Forces of South Asiaby K.S. Dhillon ( Published by theIndian Institute of Advanced Study,

Shimla3. Police, Power and Colonial Rule:

Madras 1859 to 1947 by David Arnold

4. Police Power and Colonial Rule

Documents

presentation colony