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The aims of today . To raise your awareness of Modern Day Slavery and the processes that assist its Victims.
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Modern Day Slavery
‘Victims come first and will be the at the heart of all we do’.
Presentation byDS Michael Coles
West Yorkshire Police
The aims of today .
• To raise your awareness of Modern Day Slavery and the processes that assist its Victims.
Objectives of the Presentation
• To pose some Questions to you about your role(s) and responsibilities• To show you some figures around the subjects• To give you an introduction to HT and MDS• To highlight MDS and HT, what they are• Discuss Exploitation• Traffickers’ area of Business• NRM , Victim Pilot and First Responders• Children and Trafficking• Section 52 Notifications ( MDS Act 2015)
QuestionsAm I a frontline worker?(Frontline workers should have knowledge / awareness of the subject and be able to recognise PVOTs)Can I form reasonable suspicion? Can I raise concern?( The confidence to report incidents- via SPOCs, or people inside your organisation or someone identified to them as a contact, perhaps in a ‘Partner ‘ agency)What is the Responsibility placed on my Organisation? What is my Responsibility? What action is required of me?(Some are First Responders, SPOCs’ and methods of reporting concerns / intelligence)What is the NRM?(Frontline workers should have knowledge of the NRM)
The Modern Day Slavery Act 2015
Section 1
Slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour
Section 2
Human Trafficking
Section 1 - Slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour
• A person commits an offence if—• (a) the person holds another person in slavery or servitude
and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is held in slavery or servitude, or• (b) the person requires another person to perform forced
or compulsory labour and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is being required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
‘Human Trafficking’: The Act, Means, Purpose
• The act: what is done, e.g. recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons.• The means: how it is done, e.g. threat or use of force,
coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or position of vulnerability, giving or receiving of payments/benefits.• The purpose: why it is done, e.g. prostitution, sexual
exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery, servitude, criminal activity, removal of organs.
• Palermo Protocol 2000
Types Of Human Trafficking (Exploitation)
Children and Trafficking•Of concern is the increase in UK born children falling
victim of sexual exploitation. • (CEOP) indicate that there are approximately 300 child
trafficking victims identified yearly in the Uk.• It is expected that our estimate of the numbers of
children trafficked will improve as cases are routinely referred by local authorities.• For every 1 victim found 10 remain hidden. (HTF) -
Estimate 3,000 in UK and 20,000 in total
Why is trafficking of Children possible?
The factors listed below are relevant- but not comprehensive • poverty; • lack of education; • discrimination; • cultural attitudes; • grooming; • dysfunctional families; • political conflict and economic transition and • inadequate local laws and regulations.
How are children recruited ?
•Children may be promised education•Respectable’ work in restaurants •Respectable’ work as domestic servants•Or parents may be persuaded that their children will have a better life elsewhere. •As part of the recruitment some children are aware they are false documents but this is necessary to gain a better life
How are the children controlled ?• Methods used include: • Confiscating the child’s identity documents; • Threatening to report the child to the authorities; • Violence, or threats of violence, towards the child; • Threats of violence towards members of the child’s family; • Keeping the child socially isolated; • Keeping the child locked up; • Telling children that they owe large sums of money and that they must work to
pay this off; • Depriving the child of money; and • Frightening children with threats based on cultural or belief systems, for
example, witchcraft or spirit possession.
Victim Indicators of MDS• Low self esteem• Isolation- do not live and sleep with other residents.• Signs of trauma - Physical injuries/Mental health issues• Poor health/malnutrition•Distrust of others•Under control of another/limited freedom of movement• Fear of peers/managers• Fear of Police/authority
Victim Indicators of MDS• Is victim in possession of their own passport, identification or travel
documents? • Are these documents in possession of someone else?• Have costs been paid back to facilitators, via working or providing
services?• Does the person receive little or no payment for their work.• Is someone else in control of their earnings?• No access to identity/bank documents• Was the person recruited for one job and then forced to engage in
some other work?
Why do Victims remain?•Debt bonded to traffickers•No community links • Instilled distrust of authority•Threats/intimidation•No financial means to escape•Sense of failure
Our Partnership Aims• To adopt a ‘Victim Centred’ approach to those identified, placing
them at the Heart of all that we do.
• In Partnership , agree clear and identified roles relating to service provision, ensuring a quality service provision to our victims.
• Provide a high standard of Investigation assisted by Partners.
• Aim to deliver of the 4 Ps’ of the UK Modern Slavery Strategy
in the areas of Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare