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• Poverty eradication means doubling the lowest household incomes globally in just 15 years…

• …after they have stagnated for the last 20-30 years

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

$ p

er

pe

rso

n p

er

day

(2

00

5 P

PP

)

Estimated Global Consumption Floor, 1981-2011, and 2030 Target

$1.25-a-daybasis

$1.00-a-daybasis

MDGs SDGs Pre-

MDGs

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Po

vert

y H

ead

cou

nt

Rat

io, 2

01

1 (

%)

Poverty Headcount Ratio, 1990 (%)

Poverty Headcount Ratio, 1990 and 2011 (%)

ODCs (Other)

ODCs (SSA)

African LDCs +Haiti

Asian LDCs

Island LDCs

-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Yemen, Rep. (2005)Nepal (2010)

Lao PDR (2012)Bhutan (2012)

Bangladesh (2010)Afghanistan (2011)Timor-Leste (2007)

Sao Tome and Principe (2009)Comoros (2004)

Zambia (2010)Uganda (2009)

Togo (2011)Tanzania (2012)

Sudan (2009)South Sudan (2009)Sierra Leone (2011)

Senegal (2011)Niger (2008)

Mozambique (2009)Mauritania (2008)

Mali (2010)Malawi (2010)

Madagascar (2010)Liberia (2007)

Lesotho (2010)Guinea-Bissau (2002)

Guinea (2012)Ethiopia (2011)

Equatorial Guinea (2006)Congo, Dem. Rep. (2005)

Chad (2011)Central African Republic (2008)

Burundi (2006)Burkina Faso (2009)

Benin (2011)Angola (2008)

Poverty Headcount Ratio

urban rural

-100 -50 0 50 100

Yemen, Rep.Nepal

MyanmarLao PDR

CambodiaBhutan

BangladeshAfghanistan

VanuatuTuvalu

Timor-LesteSolomon Islands

Sao Tome and PrincipeKiribati

Comoros (2010)ZambiaUganda

TogoTanzania

SudanSouth Sudan

Somalia (2011)Sierra Leone

SenegalRwanda

NigerMozambique

MauritaniaMali

MalawiMadagascar

LiberiaLesotho

HaitiGuinea-Bissau

GuineaGambia, The

EthiopiaEritrea (2008)

Equatorial Guinea (2006=Djibouti

Congo, Dem. Rep.Chad

Central African RepublicBurundi

Burkina FasoBenin

Angola

Population without Access to Water

rural urban

-100 -50 0 50 100

Yemen, Rep.Nepal

MyanmarLao PDR

CambodiaBhutan

BangladeshAfghanistan

VanuatuTuvalu

Timor-LesteSolomon Islands

Sao Tome and PrincipeKiribati

ComorosZambiaUganda

TogoTanzania

SudanSouth Sudan

SomaliaSierra Leone

SenegalRwanda

NigerMozambique

MauritaniaMali

MalawiMadagascar

LiberiaLesotho

HaitiGuinea-Bissau

GuineaGambia, The

EthiopiaEritrea

Equatorial GuineaDjibouti

Congo, Dem. Rep.Chad

Central African RepublicBurundi

Burkina FasoBenin

Angola

Population without Access to Electricity

urban rural

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990-2000 2000-2012 2015-2030

mill

ion

ru

ral p

eo

ple

gai

nin

g ac

cess

pe

r ye

ar

Annual net increase in rural access to electricity, water and sanitation, LDCs,

1990‒2012 and 2030 target

water

electricity

sanitationPre- MDGs MDGs SDGs

0

20

40

60

80

Bu

rkin

a Fa

soEt

hio

pia

Mad

agas

car

Mal

awi

Mal

i (S)

Mo

zam

biq

ue

Nig

erR

wan

da

Sen

egal

Sud

anTa

nza

nia

Uga

nd

aZa

mb

ia

Hai

ti

Ban

glad

esh

Bh

uta

nM

yan

mar

Nep

al

Non-Farm % of Rural Income, Various Years since 1983/4 (highest and

lowest estimates)

But higher non-farm % does not necessarily mean more transformation, because it includes survivalist "entrepreneurship by necessity" as well as dynamic "entrepreneurship by choice"

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Next Slide

Statistics

Labour force

Total

(Thousands)

Share in agriculture

(% of total)

Female share of agricultural

labour force

(%)

1980 1995 2010 2014 1980 1995 2010 2014 1980 1995 2010 2014

LDCs 161'032 242'811 368'329 410'983 79 73 66 64 46 47 49 50

African LDCs and Haiti 92'854 142'046 227'337 258'984 82 78 71 69 47 48 49 50

Asian LDCs 67'619 99'936 139'816 150'690 75 66 57 54 43 44 48 49

Island LDCs 559 829 1'176 1'309 76 72 66 64 46 45 47 48

Findings

Female share of the agricultural labour force, LDCs

Source: FAOSTAT, Population Statistics (retrieved on 05/05/2015). Female share of the agricultural labour force: total number of women economically active in agriculture divided by the total population economically active in agriculture

Gender-specific

obstacles

Land

Credit

Farm inputs

Extension services

Labour

Markets

Education

Time & mobility

constraints

Challenges

Gender gap in agricultural productivity

Inhibits growth and diversification potential of the rural economy

0

20

40

60

80

100

Bu

rkin

a Fa

so

Gam

bia

Gu

inea

Mal

i

Sen

egal

Eth

iop

ia

Hai

ti

Leso

tho

Mad

agas

car

Mal

awi

Mo

zam

biq

ue

Uga

nd

a

Zam

bia

Ban

glad

esh

Mya

nm

ar

Nep

al

Co

mo

ros

Agricultural Landholders by Gender (%)

female

male

West Africa Other Africa & Haiti Asia Island

0

20

40

60

80

100

male female male female male female

African LDCs & Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs

Vulnerable Employment, by LDC Regional Groups (%)

Contributing familyworkersOwn-accountworkingEmployers

Wage and salariedemployment

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ethiopia Madgascar Tanzania Nepal Yemen

Gender Wage Gaps in Selected LDCs (%)

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Available in: .pdf .xls spreadsheet Downloadable from: www.unctad.org/ldcr Under The Least Developed Countries Report 2015

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#ldcreport