Presentation by ABS Ennin, George Coleman & Anthony
Ansah
Slide 3
Overview of Power System Introduction Hydro All hydraulic
developments consist of a dam, a conduit to carry the water to the
turbine, and a device to supply the water equally to all sides of
the turbine. The Operating and Maintenance personnel must know the
importance of these components to fully understand the generation
of hydro electric energy. Thermal Coal, Oil, and Gas are used to
produce thermal electricity. They all work basically the same way.
Many large thermal plants use a simple- cycle process to generate
electricity. Fuel is burned to heat water to create steam, and much
of the heat is vented as hot air or steam. Some thermal plants have
been converted to combined cycle generation (a form of more
advanced thermal technology). These plants capture waste heat from
exhaust gas to produce more electricity and to use fuel more
efficiently. 2
Slide 4
Overview of Power System Objectives Upon completion of this
module the participant should be able to: Describe how power is
generated with water. Mention the essential components of a hydro
plant. Describe the operation of the components parts. Describe how
thermal power is generated. Explain the components parts of thermal
plant List all the various substations under NNS and SNS 3
Slide 5
Overview of Power System Main Types of Power Generation
Hydroelectric Power Generation Thermal Power Generation Diesel Gas
Steam Crude Oil Solar Wind 4
Slide 6
Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation
Akosombo Power Station Kpong Power Station Bui Power Station
Thermal Power Generation Aboadze Thermal Power Station
(TAPCO/TICO/T3) Tema Thermal Power Complex (Station 1 Mines Reserve
Plant, Station 2 TT1PS/Cenit, & Station 3 Siemens Plant) Sunon
Asogli Thermal Plant Kpone Thermal Plant 5
Slide 7
Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation Dams
Main Dam Control Dam Storage Dam 6
Slide 8
Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation
Headworks Trask Racks Headgates Penstocks Turbine Speed Ring
Turbine Gates Runner 7 Hydraulic Governor Governor Head Valve
Arrangement Accumulator Tank Servo Motors
Slide 9
Overview of Power System 8
Slide 10
9
Slide 11
10 Control Cabinet Accumulator Tank Distribution system Servo
motors Overview of Power System
Slide 12
Scroll Case Turbine Draft Tube Tailwater or Tailrace Tailrace
Gate or Stop Logs Generator Stator Rotor 11 Excitation DC
Current/Exciter Automatic Voltage Regulator
Slide 13
Overview of Power System 12 Excitation Control System
Slide 14
Overview of Power System 13 Generator Stability
Slide 15
Overview of Power System Thermal Power Generation Gas and Steam
Turbines Fuel Light Crude Oil/Distilite Fuel Oil Starting Motor
Inlet Air Spark Plugs Combustion Chamber Fuel Nozzles Crossfire
Tubes Turbine Exhaust Generator 14
Slide 16
Overview of Power System 15 Thermal Generation
Slide 17
Overview of Power System Solar Power Pungu Solar System Solar
Panels 6588 panels Collector Boxes Inverters 0.415kv/34.5kv
transformer 34.5kv transmission line to Navrongo Substation of
about 8 pylons 16
Slide 18
17
Slide 19
18 Generating Station Name No of Units /Speed/Poles Capacity
(MW) Terminal Voltage (KV) Output Voltage (KV) Minimum Operating
Level Maximum Operating Level HYDRO GENERATING STATIONS
AkosomboA1GS6/115.4 rpm/52102014.4161 240.00ft 235.00ft278.00ft
Kpong (Akuse)Z19GS4/62.5 rpm/9616013.816114.19m15.30m
BuiBU54GS3/150 rpm/4039914.4161166.00m183.00m THERMAL GENERATING
STATIONS Aboadze (Takoradi-TTPS)TT32GS333013.8161 Aboadze
(Takoradi-TICO)TICO222013.8161 Aboadze
(Takoradi-TTES)TE66GS513213.8161 Tema (TTPC-Station
1)MR46GS316011.5161 Tema (TTPC-Station 2)TP47GS112614.4161
Slide 20
19 Generating Station Station Name No of Units Capacity (MW)
Terminal Voltage (KV) Output Voltage (KV) Minimum Op. Level Max Op.
lev Tema (TTPC-Station 2) CENIT PLANT 112611.5161 Tema
(TTPC-Station 3)ST50GS 58011.0161 Tema (SunonAsogli)SG51GS
621511.6161 Tema (Kpone Thermal)KT67GS 222011.5161 NavrongoPungu
Solar 6588 Solar panels 211.5161 Effasu BargeEF52GS 2125-161
DomunliDT49GS 2202-161 NOTE: 1.There is an ongoing project for
third unit 110MW (Steam Turbine) for TICO. 2.Kpone Thermal is under
construction about 80% complete. 3.Effasu Barge has the facilities
ready with Technical problems. 4.Domunli plant project is under
feasibility studies. 5.Additional 5 sets of units for Takoradi
Expansion is under project evaluation.
Slide 21
Overview of Power System Transmission System The transmission
segment of the power system carries electric power over long
distances from the generating stations to the distribution system.
The transmission system is a network of high voltage power lines
and stations/substations A transmission system may be made up of
overhead lines carried on towers or insulated cables buried
underground. 20
Slide 22
Overview of Power System In our jurisdiction, the network is
composed of over 5,100Km length of high voltage transmission lines,
mainly operated at 161KV, connecting some 54 substations. There are
other voltage levels operated as part of the transmission network:
these include; 330KV 225KV 69KV 21
Slide 23
Overview of Power System 161kv Transmission Line 22 330kv
Transmission Line
Slide 24
Overview of Power System Substations Substations play an
important role in a power system. Basically, a substation has three
main functions; switching, transform the voltage, and control the
voltage. An electrical power system is designed so that service
will continue despite any damage or impairment to other components
of the system by natural disaster or other phenomena. When a single
element of the system is out of operation for a period of time, be
it a few seconds or several days, the power system shall be capable
of meeting the usual needs of the customer. Substations represent
an important role in providing this reliability. 23
Slide 25
Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates
Southern Network Services Volta Area Volta Substation 161/330KVV2
New Tema SubstationE4 Smelter SubstationS3 Achimota SubstationH5
Winneba SubstationW6 Mallam SubstationM37 Accra East SubstationAE59
Smelter II SubstationSM60 Afienya SubstationAN71 (Under
Construction) 24
Slide 26
Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Akosombo
Area Akosombo SubstationA1 Tafo SubstationF15 Akwatia SubstationQ16
Kpong SubstationG17 New Kpong SubstationZ19 Asiekpe SubstationAP22
Ho Substation H023 Kpeve SubstationPE24 Kpandu SubstationPU25
Sogakope SubstationSK33 Aflao SubstationAF39 Kedjebi SubstationKD70
under construction 25
Slide 27
Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Takoradi
Area Takoradi SubstationT8 Cape Coast SubstationC7 Essiama
SubstationEA34 Elubo Substation161/225KVEL36 Aboadze Enclave Tapco
Substation 161/330KVTT32 T3 SubstationTE66 26
Slide 28
Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Prestea Area
Prestea SubstationP10 Bogoso SubstationBS30 Tarkwa SubstationR9
Akyempim SubstationAY42 27
Slide 29
Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates
Northern Network Services Kumasi Area Kumasi Substation K13 Obuasi
SubstationB12 New Obuasi SubstationNB21 Dunkwa SubstationD11
Asawinso SubstationAS20 Nkawkaw SubstationN14 Konongo SubstationJ18
Anwomaso SubstationAW58 Ayanfuri SubstationAR57 28
Slide 30
Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates
Northern Network Services Techiman Area Techiman Substation TH26
Sunyani SubstationSN27 Mim SubstationMM62 Kintampo SubstationKP56
Sawla SubstationSA38 Bui SubstationBU54 Wa SubstationWA68 Atebubu
SubstationAT65 ( under construction) Berekum SubstationBR63 ( under
construction) Juabeso SubstationJB64 ( under construction ) 29
Slide 31
Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates
Northern Network Services Tamale Area Tamale Substation TM28 Bolga
SubstationBG29 Yendi SubstationYD35 Zebila SubstationZB53 Buipe
SubstationBP55 Tumu SubstationTU69 Bawku Substation ( under
construction) 30
Slide 32
Overview of Power System System Interconnections As power
systems expanded out from their urban cores, interconnections among
neighboring systems became increasingly necessary and common. This
allows neighboring utilities to form power pools that enable
electricity trading, sharing of reserve capacity and enhance system
security. 31
Slide 33
Overview of Power System The power system of Ghana is
interconnected with the power systems of Cote dIvoire, operated by
CIE, Togo- Benin, operated by CEB, and Burkina Faso, operated by
SONABEL. 32
Slide 34
Overview of Power System AC Distribution System Distribution
system is the electrical system between the Step down substation
fed by the transmission system and the consumers meters. This is
classified in two below; Primary Distribution system Secondary
Distribution system 33
Slide 35
Overview of Power System Primary Distribution This is part of
an AC distribution system which operates at voltages some what
higher than general utilization and handles large blocks of energy
than the average low voltage consumer uses. The voltage used
depends on the amount of power to be conveyed and distance to the
substation required to be fed. 34 The common voltages used in
primary distribution are 11/11.5kV and 33/34.5kV. Voltage is
carried out by 3-phase, 3-wire system
Slide 36
Overview of Power System Secondary Distribution System This
part of an AC distribution system which includes the range of
voltages at which the ultimate consumer utilizes the electrical
energy delivered to him/her. It is achieved by a 3-phase, 4-wire
system The voltage is 415/240V It is achieved by stepping down the
primary distribution voltage through a 3-phase delta to star
transformer-11kV/0.415kV) 35
Slide 37
Overview of Power System Important Note: Hydro Power Generation
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy
Thermal Power Generation Chemical Energy Heat Energy Mechanical
Energy Electrical Energy 36