Presentation Action Research

8/2/2019 Presentation Action Research

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Data collection is one of the important aspects for any typeof research. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results

of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results.

Data collection is a term used to describe a process ofpreparing and collecting data for obtaining

the information.

The issue is not: How do we collect data?It is: How do we obtain useful data?


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what you

study?

IDEA

How will youadminister thedata collection?

what

instrument willyou use?

whatinformation will

you collect?


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THE TYPE OF DATA

QUALITATIVE METHOD

A method used to involves findingout what people think, and howthey feel, what they say they thinkand how they say they feel.

This kind of information issubjective. It involves feelings andimpressions, rather than numbers

The purpose: to explain andpredict, to test, confirm and

validate theory.

QUANTITATIVE METHOD

refers to random sampling

and structured datacollection instrument to suit avariety of experience to

the category response set. They produce results that are

easy to summarize,compare, and the generalpublic. variables used to obtainaccurate results

The purpose: to describe andexplain, to explore and interpret,and to build the theory


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QUALITATIVE DATA

INTERVIEWThese often involve face-to-face interactions between

researcher and participant.Is a structured interview, the researcher asks a standard set

of questions.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)

OVSERVATIONis way gathering data by watching behavior, event or nothing

physical characteristic in their natural setting.

DOCUMENT REVIEWobtain information by reviewing written documents that have

been made by others


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Quantitative

Qualitative


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All research ultimately has a qualitativegrounding

-Donald Campbell

There no such thing as qualitative data.Everything is either 1 or 0

-Fred Kerlinger

The AIM is complete, detailed description The AIM is to classify features, count them andconstruct statistical models, in an attempt toexplain what is observed

Recommended during EARLIER phases ofresearch projects

Recommended during LATTER phases ofresearch projects

The design emerges as the study unfolds. All aspects of the study are carefully designed

before data is collected.

Researcher is the data gathering instrument. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires orequipment to collect numerical data.

Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects. Data is in the form of numbers and statistics.

Subjective - individuals interpretation of eventsis important ,e.g., uses participant observation,in-depth interviews etc.

Objective - seeks precise measurement &analysis of target concepts, e.g., uses surveys,questionnaires etc.

Qualitative data is more 'rich', time consuming,and less able to be generalized.

Quantitative data is more efficient, able to testhypotheses, but may miss contextual detail

Researcher tends to become subjectively

immersed in the subject matter.

Researcher tends to remain objectively separated

from the subject matter.


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Qualitative

Researcher

Process > OutcomeOf Product

Interested in meaning howpeople make sense of theirlives, experiences and their

structure of world

Primary instrument fordata collection and

analysis (humaninstrument)

Involved Fieldwork

physically goes to thepeople, site, setting or

institution


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The Foundations and Pillars Of The Qualitative Thinking

Research Topics, Problems and Questions (Hypotheses)

Qualitative Research Design

Process Of Qualitative Research

Data CollectionPreparation

Process Analyzing Process


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Strong Focus On

Description

Strong Focus OnInterpretation

Subject First(Natural & Daily

Environment)

The ResultShould Be

Understood As AProcess Of

Generalization


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Data Collection

PreparationProcess

Analyzing Process

Collecting information that relates to yourenquiry; information that you believe will

respond to your research question

Separating and gathering the information

from working with it to find a response is akey part of structure and discipline of

research process

The process of drawing responses out ofdate, or finding them in the data.


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Observation

Interview Document Analysis

Questionnaires


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RECORD REDUCE RECITE

REFLECT REVIEW

NOTE TAKINGRecording ideas and facts that you observe in

class to help you remember and use them later


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Become an active part of thelistening and learning process

Create a history of your coursecontent

Have a written record to view orstudy later

Reinforce what is communicatedverbally


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I. Preparing to ListenEffectively

Readassignmentsbefore class

Bringappropriatematerials

Pay

attention


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EXTERNAL

Hunger

Climate

INTERNAL

Distracting

thoughts Stress

II. Possible

Listening

Barriers


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What are Field Notes?

Written record of what is observed,impression, reactions & hypothesis about whathas happened.

Refers to various recorded by scientistsduring or after observation of a specificphenomenon they are studying.transcribed notes or the written account

derived from data collected during observationsand interviews.styles of field notes: descriptive & reflectiveshould be written as soon as possible!!!


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What to include in field notes:

Where you observe

Who was there or not there

What happened

What events happened What events took place

Use descriptive adjectives

Use action verbs

Avoid making judgments about what you see

Be as specific as you can!


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Characteristics of field notes

1. Accurate.

2. Detailed

3. Extensive to permit reader to understandthe situation described.

4. Data may provide an overview of a culture

or setting.5. The observer should do more than simply

record a setting.


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Guidelines for descriptive of fieldnotes

1. Describe the setting.

2. Describe the activities that took place in that setting.

3. Describe the people who took part in the activities andtheir roles in the activities.

4. Describe the meaning of what was observed.

5. Record exact quotes or close approximations ofcomments that relate directly to the observation activity.

6. Describe any impact you might have had on the situationyou observed.


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Guidelines for reflective part offield notes

1. Include sentences and paragraphs that aresubjective..

2. Emphasizes ideas, hunches, impressions, etc.3. Includes unanswered questions that have arisen

from reflecting on the observation data as wellas ideas for future action.

4. Clarify points and correct mistakes and

misunderstandings in other parts of field notes.5. Include insights or speculation about what you

are observing.


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HOW TO MAKE FIELD NOTES

observations and thoughts.

very detailed manner so that others canknow exactly when, where, and underwhat

conditions your work was done.

areas in the future to verify findings andobserve changes over time.


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Format of field notes

1. Save content part of field notes and reflectivepart of field notes in separate files.

2. Use two columns. The column on the right

contains the content portion of field notes,with reflective comments relating to particularparts of the content part, written in the leftcolumn.

3. Use wide left margin.


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Presentation Action Research