Presentation about services provided by Presentation about services provided by PudulogongPudulogong

By; By; Mr. M G Pheko Mr. M G Pheko

centre coordinatorcentre coordinator

AndAnd

Mr. T KebuilengMr. T Kebuileng(O&M Instructor)(O&M Instructor)

Pudulogong Rehabilitation and Pudulogong Rehabilitation and Development Trust for the BlindDevelopment Trust for the Blind

HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDHISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Pudulogong Rehabilitation and Development is a charitable Pudulogong Rehabilitation and Development is a charitable non-profit making organization, which came into being in non-profit making organization, which came into being in 1982 as an initiative of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1982 as an initiative of the Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana. It is located in Phaphane ward in Mochudi in the Botswana. It is located in Phaphane ward in Mochudi in the Kgatleng District.Kgatleng District.

Pudulogong was established as a result of the Visually Pudulogong was established as a result of the Visually Impaired People in the country who had no where to go due to Impaired People in the country who had no where to go due to lack of suitable skills for employment. It is the first of its kind lack of suitable skills for employment. It is the first of its kind in the country, as the educational system did not have in the country, as the educational system did not have provisions for the Disabled Persons. By then, the Centre was provisions for the Disabled Persons. By then, the Centre was offering basic handicraft skills.offering basic handicraft skills.

PudulogongPudulogong

Vision Vision

Our vision is to be a world-class provider of Our vision is to be a world-class provider of quality, accessible and equitable training of the quality, accessible and equitable training of the Visually Impaired People.Visually Impaired People.

PudulogongPudulogong MissionMission

To provide quality training to Visually Impaired To provide quality training to Visually Impaired People and to create opportunities for life long People and to create opportunities for life long learning to enable people to attain their full potential learning to enable people to attain their full potential and contribute to national socio-economic and and contribute to national socio-economic and technological advancement.technological advancement.

This will be achieved through efficient and effective This will be achieved through efficient and effective management, development and implementation of management, development and implementation of relevant and responsive training policies and the relevant and responsive training policies and the provision of an enabling learning environment.provision of an enabling learning environment.

PudulogongPudulogong

TRAINING PROGRAMMETRAINING PROGRAMME

The Centre has two major Training The Centre has two major Training Programmes:Programmes:

- Independence Training- Independence Training

- Vocational Training- Vocational Training

- (Pudulogong is BOTA accredited and is - (Pudulogong is BOTA accredited and is examined by MTTC, Pitmans & IBS)examined by MTTC, Pitmans & IBS)

PudulogongPudulogong

Independence Training Independence Training Braille Braille Orientation and MobilityOrientation and Mobility Activities of Daily LivingActivities of Daily Living Social Work ServicesSocial Work Services Recreational activitiesRecreational activities This training enables an individual to become This training enables an individual to become

confident and not depend on other people for confident and not depend on other people for mobility and daily routine activities.mobility and daily routine activities.

PudulogongPudulogong

Vocational Training Vocational Training Secretarial StudiesSecretarial Studies Business StudiesBusiness Studies AgricultureAgriculture MusicMusic HIV & AIDS EducationHIV & AIDS Education

Orientation and Mobility (O&M)Orientation and Mobility (O&M)

What is orientation?What is orientation?

Orientation can be defined as the ability to use Orientation can be defined as the ability to use ones remaining senses to understand ones ones remaining senses to understand ones location in the environment at any given time location in the environment at any given time (Jacobson, 1993 p.3).(Jacobson, 1993 p.3).

It is the process of using the senses to establish It is the process of using the senses to establish one’s position and relationship to all other one’s position and relationship to all other significant objects in the environment.significant objects in the environment.

O&M Cont….O&M Cont….

Mobility is the capacity or facility of Mobility is the capacity or facility of movement.movement.

O&M may be defined, then, as the teaching of O&M may be defined, then, as the teaching of the concepts, skills, and techniques necessary the concepts, skills, and techniques necessary for a person with visual impairment to travel for a person with visual impairment to travel safely, efficiently, and gracefully through any safely, efficiently, and gracefully through any environment and under all environmental environment and under all environmental conditions and situations.conditions and situations.

O&M Cont….O&M Cont….

O&M Instructors are individuals who are O&M Instructors are individuals who are formally trained/ educated to help persons with formally trained/ educated to help persons with visual impairments attain their O&M goals.visual impairments attain their O&M goals.

Other professionals who reinforce certain Other professionals who reinforce certain basic skills include: teachers, rehabilitation basic skills include: teachers, rehabilitation officers, physical therapists, occupational officers, physical therapists, occupational therapists, the nurse and the low vision therapists, the nurse and the low vision specialists or an optometrist or an specialists or an optometrist or an ophthalmologist.ophthalmologist.

ChallengesChallenges

Lack of equipmentsLack of equipments Shortage of Brailed material and learning aidsShortage of Brailed material and learning aids Lack of skilled manpowerLack of skilled manpower Shortage of training facilitiesShortage of training facilities Resident nurse & clinicResident nurse & clinic Unsatisfactory employment of our trainees.Unsatisfactory employment of our trainees.

How can I help?How can I help?

Try not to take perfect eyesight for granted, Try not to take perfect eyesight for granted, especially where other people are concerned. especially where other people are concerned. Above all, think twice when you come across Above all, think twice when you come across behavior that at first may seem out of the behavior that at first may seem out of the ordinary.ordinary.

Common reactions to avoid;Common reactions to avoid;

At a party – “He’s just tapped cigarette ash into a At a party – “He’s just tapped cigarette ash into a bowl of peanuts – Drunk!”bowl of peanuts – Drunk!”

At the library – “He’s holding that book right up to At the library – “He’s holding that book right up to his eyes – Backward!’his eyes – Backward!’

At the supermarket – “She’s standing suspiciously At the supermarket – “She’s standing suspiciously close to those shelves – Shoplifting!’close to those shelves – Shoplifting!’

At a bus stop – ‘He’s had to ask the number on that At a bus stop – ‘He’s had to ask the number on that bus – Illiterate!’bus – Illiterate!’

! In fact, all may be visually disabled.! In fact, all may be visually disabled.

The Process of O&M The Process of O&M InterventionIntervention

• No need to be referred by the Doctor to see O&M SpecialistNo need to be referred by the Doctor to see O&M Specialist

• Referrals may come from optometrist and ophthalmologist, Referrals may come from optometrist and ophthalmologist, teachers, nurses, etc.teachers, nurses, etc.

• Important! Clients patients should know that they are being Important! Clients patients should know that they are being referred and why?referred and why?

AssessmentAssessment

VisionVision Hearing and general healthHearing and general health Lifestyle and mobility goalsLifestyle and mobility goals

How to Guide a Visually How to Guide a Visually Impaired PersonImpaired Person

The following Sighted Guide skills provide a practical, comfortable and safe means of The following Sighted Guide skills provide a practical, comfortable and safe means of guiding a blind or visually impaired person.guiding a blind or visually impaired person.

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Making contact and the GripMaking contact and the GripThe guide verbally indicates to the blind person that The guide verbally indicates to the blind person that he will be guiding him. The guide then offers the he will be guiding him. The guide then offers the person his arm by touching his elbow against his person his arm by touching his elbow against his nearest arm. The blind person then places his hand nearest arm. The blind person then places his hand above the guides elbows so that his fingers are on the above the guides elbows so that his fingers are on the inside of the guides arm and the thumb on the inside of the guides arm and the thumb on the outside. His elbow is then at a right angle. This grip outside. His elbow is then at a right angle. This grip positions the blind person half a pace behind you, he positions the blind person half a pace behind you, he can then detect any changes of the guides body can then detect any changes of the guides body movements e.g. turning left or right.movements e.g. turning left or right.

. Negotiating narrow places . Negotiating narrow places (walking single file). (walking single file). 

This needs to be performed in crowded places, This needs to be performed in crowded places, narrow walkways etc. The guide places his arm narrow walkways etc. The guide places his arm behind his back and the blind person changes his grip behind his back and the blind person changes his grip from just above the elbow to the wrist of the guide from just above the elbow to the wrist of the guide whilst moving to a position behind the guide. The whilst moving to a position behind the guide. The blind person then proceeds through this narrow space blind person then proceeds through this narrow space until there is enough room again for two people to until there is enough room again for two people to walk abreast. The guide then returns his arm to the walk abreast. The guide then returns his arm to the normal position and this signifies to the blind person normal position and this signifies to the blind person that he is to return his hand to the normal grip that he is to return his hand to the normal grip position.position.

Changing SidesChanging Sides It may be necessary in some situations for the blind It may be necessary in some situations for the blind

person to swop to the guide’s other side i.e. when person to swop to the guide’s other side i.e. when negotiating a tricky pathway or going through a doorway. negotiating a tricky pathway or going through a doorway. This may be done in a stationary or mobile position. The This may be done in a stationary or mobile position. The guide verbally indicates the need to change sides. If the guide verbally indicates the need to change sides. If the blind person is holding the guides left arm with his right blind person is holding the guides left arm with his right hand he will bring his left hand onto the guide’s arm, hand he will bring his left hand onto the guide’s arm, release his right hand and place it on the guide’s right release his right hand and place it on the guide’s right arm. He will then bring his left hand over to the guide’s arm. He will then bring his left hand over to the guide’s right arm and release his right hand, resuming the normal right arm and release his right hand, resuming the normal sighted guide grip on the other side.sighted guide grip on the other side.

  

Doorways Doorways  The guide should go through the door first and his The guide should go through the door first and his

partner follows, closing the door behind you both. It partner follows, closing the door behind you both. It is important that as the guide approaches the door he is important that as the guide approaches the door he looks to see which side the hinge is on, left or right. looks to see which side the hinge is on, left or right. If the hinge is on the left, the blind person should be If the hinge is on the left, the blind person should be on the guides left, with his left hand free and vice on the guides left, with his left hand free and vice versa. The guide verbally indicates to the blind versa. The guide verbally indicates to the blind person which side the hinge is on by saying either person which side the hinge is on by saying either door left, or door right. It may be necessary for the door left, or door right. It may be necessary for the blind person to change sides at this point.blind person to change sides at this point.

  

Doorways cont……Doorways cont…… The guide then opens the door with his grip The guide then opens the door with his grip

arm – the blind person can then distinguish arm – the blind person can then distinguish whether the door opens inwards or outwards. whether the door opens inwards or outwards. As you move through the door, the guide As you move through the door, the guide places his grip hand on the handle. The blind places his grip hand on the handle. The blind person then moves his free hand down your person then moves his free hand down your arm, and thus makes contact with the handle arm, and thus makes contact with the handle and is then able to close the door behind you and is then able to close the door behind you both.both.

Ascending Ascending 

Stairs must always be approached squarely. The Stairs must always be approached squarely. The guide then stops at the foot of the stairs and verbally guide then stops at the foot of the stairs and verbally indicates that there are steps up. The blind person indicates that there are steps up. The blind person then slides their foot forward until they locate the then slides their foot forward until they locate the bottom stair. If there is a rail the guide should ensure bottom stair. If there is a rail the guide should ensure that the client is on the correct side to use it and to that the client is on the correct side to use it and to verbally indicate that there is a rail. In some verbally indicate that there is a rail. In some instances the guide can place the blind persons hand instances the guide can place the blind persons hand on the rail, by placing his guiding arm on it.on the rail, by placing his guiding arm on it.

  

Ascending Cont….Ascending Cont….

The guide then steps up onto the first step and The guide then steps up onto the first step and the blind person follows keeping one step the blind person follows keeping one step behind him. You can then continue to ascend behind him. You can then continue to ascend the stairs walking in rhythm until you reach the stairs walking in rhythm until you reach the top. At the top of the stairs the guide takes the top. At the top of the stairs the guide takes an extra pace beyond the last step before an extra pace beyond the last step before stopping or pausing. This then indicates to the stopping or pausing. This then indicates to the client that the top has been reached.client that the top has been reached.

DescendingDescending

The guide approaches the stairs, slowing down The guide approaches the stairs, slowing down and then stopping at the top. The guide then and then stopping at the top. The guide then tells the client that you are at the top of a flight tells the client that you are at the top of a flight of stairs. Use of the handrail applies as for of stairs. Use of the handrail applies as for ascending stairs. The guide then asks the blind ascending stairs. The guide then asks the blind person to gently slide their foot forward to person to gently slide their foot forward to locate the edge of the first step.locate the edge of the first step.

  

Descending Cont…Descending Cont…

The guide then waits for the client to indicate, The guide then waits for the client to indicate, by squeezing his guiding arm or verbally by squeezing his guiding arm or verbally indicating, that he is ready to walk. The guide indicating, that he is ready to walk. The guide then descends the first step. Again, it is then descends the first step. Again, it is important that the blind person is one step important that the blind person is one step behind the guide. At the bottom of the flight behind the guide. At the bottom of the flight the guide takes a pace beyond the last step and the guide takes a pace beyond the last step and then stops.then stops.

Seating (Single chairs or settees)Seating (Single chairs or settees)

Approach the chair centrally and verbally Approach the chair centrally and verbally indicate whether the seat is facing your partner indicate whether the seat is facing your partner or away from him. Place your guiding hand or away from him. Place your guiding hand on the back of the chair. Your partner can on the back of the chair. Your partner can then slide his hand down your arm to the chair then slide his hand down your arm to the chair and establish its position. He can then move and establish its position. He can then move into it feeling the side of it with his leg and into it feeling the side of it with his leg and checking the seat with his hand.checking the seat with his hand.

Aisle Seating Aisle Seating  Maintain the normal grip position as you move down Maintain the normal grip position as you move down

the aisle. On reaching the row of seats the guide then the aisle. On reaching the row of seats the guide then turns sideways and leads them into the row in a side turns sideways and leads them into the row in a side stepping manner. Your partner may trail the back of stepping manner. Your partner may trail the back of the row of seats in front with the back of his hand the row of seats in front with the back of his hand (ensuring that he does not disturb the people in the (ensuring that he does not disturb the people in the row in front). The guide walks until his partner is row in front). The guide walks until his partner is standing in front of his seat. The blind person should standing in front of his seat. The blind person should then check the seat and sit down. On leaving the then check the seat and sit down. On leaving the guide takes the lead again and a similar procedure is guide takes the lead again and a similar procedure is followed until the aisle is reached. followed until the aisle is reached. 

Cars Cars 

When assisting a visually impaired person into When assisting a visually impaired person into a car, simply place your grip hand on the a car, simply place your grip hand on the passenger door handle and indicate which way passenger door handle and indicate which way the car is facing. Your partner can then slide the car is facing. Your partner can then slide his grip hand down your arm and locate the his grip hand down your arm and locate the handle whilst his other hand locates the roof. handle whilst his other hand locates the roof. The passenger can then open the door for The passenger can then open the door for himself and get in.himself and get in.

THE ENDTHE END