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Presentation during the Forum on Migration and Development organized by Ateneo de Davao UniversityDavao City, Philippines
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MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT
FORUMMigration and Development
Ateneo de Davao University
Leila Rispens-NoelSenior Advisor, International Network
of Alternative Financial Institutions (INAFI International)
President, Wimler Foundation
Migration• What is Migration?• Migration is the movement of people from
one place to another.• What are the main types of migration?• Migration can be permanent, temporary,
voluntary or forced. It can be international or internal.
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Push Factors of Migration• Lack of jobs and Poverty• Climate Change/Environmental problems• Lack or under-employment at home• Market forces• Discrimination• Civil Strife/War/Political and religious
persecution
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Pull Factors of Migration• Higher standards of living/Higher wages• Labor Demand• Political and/or religious freedom• Enjoyment/Greener pastures• Education• Better medical care• Security• Family links
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What do we know?• Migration can contribute to
development• Remittances are twice more than
official development aid, just little behind than foreign direct investments.
• Migration is unstoppable6
Philippine International Migration
7January 19, 2011
Global: in 2010, 214 million people work and live outside their countries of origin; nearly three percent of world’s population (IOM)
Philippines: estimated 8-10 million overseas Filipinos spread in 193 countries; 10% are irregular; 60% are women
International Migration
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Top Destination Countries for Filipinos
1. United States2. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia3. Canada4. United Arab Emirates5. Australia6. Malaysia7. Japan8. Qatar9. United Kingdom10. Singapore11. Hong Kong12. Kuwait13. Italy14. Taiwan15. South Korea
Social Cost of Migration
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• Dysfunctional families• Culture of migration• Culture of dependency• Abuses, violation of migrants’ rights• Exclusion• Abandoned children• Brain drain, brain waste
Top 10 remittance recipient developing countries in US$ billion (WB)
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COUNTRIES 2008 2009 2010e
INDIA 51.5 47 55
CHINA 48.5 46.9 51
MEXICO 26.3 33.8 22.6
PHILIPPINES 18.6 19.4 21.3
BANGLADESH 8.9 10.4 11.1
NIGERIA 9.9 9.5 10.0
PAKISTAN 7 8.6 9.4
EGYPT 6.7 7.8 7.7
VIETNAM 7.2 6.9 7.2
INDONESIA 8.6 6.6 7.1
Philippine Remittances estimates
2010 - $440 billion2009 - $316 billion Expected to increase by 7.1% in 2011a faster pace of recovery in 2010 than
The World bank earlier forecasts.
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Remittances Compared with other Resource Flows
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Uses of RemittancesAbout 80% on:• Food• Education• Health• Repayment of debtsRemaining amount for:• Savings• Investments
Diaspora Philanthropy –hometown associations
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Not only Remittances
• Migrants also contribute social remittances: skills, knowledge, networks, new ideas (politics) – in some countries (peace building, democratization, good governance)
• In time of disaster
In Host countries:• Economy, culture
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What should we do and who will do it?
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• Government• Migrants and Families• Development and international organizations• NGOs, trade unions, • Diaspora/Migrant Associations• Academes• Financial sector• Host Countries
Recommendations for Academes, Students
1. Data and information gathering e.g. thesis on causes, effects, and social costs of Migration in Mindanao and formulate recommendations based on their findings to be used as basis for government policies to improve situation of migrants and their families both at home and abroad.
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Recommendations (Cont.)• Research on the impact of migration to rural
development• Research on the impact of remittances to the
development of Mindanao• Research on the impact of collective remittances
(Diaspora philanthropy to the development in Mindanao)
• Research on how to promote and strengthen hometown associations as actors of development
• Research on Gender, Migration and Development
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ADDU Migration and Development Center
• Responds to lack of data on internal and international migration in Mindanao (research is usually done from Manila
• Information (action-oriented research) and based on Mindanao context provided by the Center can influence government policy (ex. Leveraging remittances and Diaspora philanthropy for development
• Future-oriented data gathering can help those who plan to work abroad make informed decision; plan for it (purpose of migration)
• Should attract interest from ADDU alumni – (generate support from them)
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