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Presentation 48 – TCP/IP. Objectives. At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:. Recognize IP addresses and subnet masks. Explain the difference between the Network ID and the Host ID portions of an IP address. Explain the purpose of the subnet mask. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
Presentation 48 Presentation 48 –– TCP/IP TCP/IP
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ObjectivesObjectives
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
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Recognize IP addresses and subnet masks.
Explain the difference between the Network ID and the Host ID portions of an IP address.
Explain the purpose of the subnet mask.
Recognize Windows XP’s auto-configure IP parameters.
Discuss the purpose of the TCP/IP IPCONFIG and PING tools.
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ProtocolProtocol
A signed document containing the record of the points on which agreement has been reached by negotiating parties.
The code of ceremonial forms and courtesies accepted as proper and correct in official dealings.
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In Networking, Protocols are:In Networking, Protocols are:
Agreements that describe how things work. Industry-wide frameworks that describe
every aspect of communications between computers.
Grouped together into Protocol Suites.
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In the PC world, the main In the PC world, the main Protocol Suites are: Protocol Suites are:
NetBEUI – Used in small Microsoft-based networks.
SPX/IPX – Used primarily in Novell-based networks.
TCP/IP – Must be used if the network is to connect to the Internet. But it is also widely used even in those networks that do not connect to the Internet.
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TCP/IP is:TCP/IP is:
The Protocol of the Internet The number 1 protocol in the world for moving
data around A suite of over 100 protocols One of the protocols supported by both Windows
and Macintosh Operating Systems.The protocol of UNIX.
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TCP/IP- A suite of protocolsTCP/IP- A suite of protocols
Internet Protocol (IP) - The protocol that determines the Internet’s basic packet structure and its addressing scheme.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - The protocol that sets up a connection between two hosts and ensures that data is passed between them reliably.
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TCP/IP- A suite of protocolsTCP/IP- A suite of protocols
File Transport Protocol (FTP) - Defines file transfers among computers on the Internet.
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) - Describes the format of Internet email.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Defines how WWW data is transmitted between a server and a browser.
Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) - Defines how Usenet newsgroups and postings are transmitted.
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IP AddressIP Address
A logical rather than a physical address.How it is entered into your computer:
– Manually, by you or the network administrator.– Automatically, via the Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
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Each computer on a network that Each computer on a network that uses the TCP/IP protocol must uses the TCP/IP protocol must have its own unique IP address.have its own unique IP address.
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TCP/IPTCP/IP
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IP Address
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
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DefaultGateway
DefaultGateway
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DNS ServersDNS Servers
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IP Address 32-bitsIP Address 32-bits
100000 0111 10 100011 1 0000011 11 100 0
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IP Address 4-OctetsIP Address 4-Octets
1 1 1 1 10 0 0 1 1 0 0 00 1 0
0 1 0 0 11 1 0 00 0 1 10 0 0
100000 0111 10 100011 1 0000011 11 100 0
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IP AddressIP AddressConvert each octet to decimalConvert each octet to decimal
1 1 1 1 10 0 0 11 0 0 00 1 0
0 1 0 0 11 1 0 00 0 1 10 0 0
205 208
113 5
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IP Address IP Address Dotted-Decimal NotationDotted-Decimal Notation
10 00 0 0 0111 11 10 001 1 1 0000011 11 10 0 0
205 208 113 5
205 .208 .113 .5
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Where does the IP address come Where does the IP address come from?from?
If you are not connected to the Internet, your network administrator can “make up” a range of IP addresses and assign you one.
If you are connected to the Internet, the IP address must be registered with the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC).
Some IP address are designated Private. These can be used by more than one network, as long as they do not connect directly to the Internet.
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Usually, you get your IP Usually, you get your IP addresses from your local addresses from your local Internet Service Provider.Internet Service Provider.
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Configuring TCP/IPConfiguring TCP/IP
ManuallyAutomatically
– DHCP– Autoconfiguration
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The IP Address is divided into The IP Address is divided into two parts:two parts:
Network ID(Assigned by
InterNIC)
Host ID(Assigned
locally)
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205 .208 .113 .5
Network IDOr
Network Address
Host IDOr
Node Address
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IP Address 32-bits
100000 0111 10 100011 1 0000011 11 100 0
Network ID Host ID
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The Subnet MaskThe Subnet Mask
A 32-bit numberMakes the IP address more flexible.Indicates which part of the IP address is the
Network ID and which is the node ID.
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The subnet mask.The subnet mask.
010000 00111 11 1111111 1 1111111 11 111 1
A string of 1s followed by a string of 0s.
1s indicate bits in Network ID0s indicate bits in Node ID
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100000 0111 10 100011 1 0000011 11 100 0
010000 00111 11 1111111 1 1111111 11 111 1
Network ID Node ID
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Network ID Node ID
205 . 208 . 113 . 5255 . 255 . 255 . 000
IP Address
SubnetMask
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Manually configuring TCP/IPManually configuring TCP/IP
IP address of each nodeSubnet maskDefault gateway IP addressDNS server IP address
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Default GatewayDefault Gateway
The gateway to the world outside your own network.
Usually a router.Routers interconnect networks.Networks outside your own are accessible
through the default gateway.
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DNS ServerDNS Server
DNS stands for Domain Name Service. Allows you to use domain names like
www.nasa.gov or www.ford.com.Converts domain names into IP addresses.
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Automatically configuring Automatically configuring TCP/IP.TCP/IP.
DHCP serverWindows Auto-configure or Automatic
Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
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DHCP Server automatically DHCP Server automatically provides:provides:
IP addressSubnet maskDefault gateway addressDNS addresses
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Windows Auto-configureWindows Auto-configure
Used when a DHCP server cannot be found.Windows supplies an IP address and a
subnet mask.Formally called Automatic Private IP
Addressing (APIPA).
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Recognizing Auto-configuration.Recognizing Auto-configuration.
IP address:
169.254.000.001 through 169.254.255.254Subnet mask:
255.255.000.000
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Automatic Private IP AddressingAutomatic Private IP Addressing(APIPA)(APIPA)
Allows computers in a small LAN to communicate without any other IP address configuration.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reserves 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255 for this purpose.
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Two TCP/IP ToolsTwo TCP/IP Tools
IPCONFIGPING
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IPCONFIGIPCONFIG
Windows command-line utility.Displays the current TCP/IP configuration.
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PingPing
A TCP/IP utility that is used to verify connectivity between two hosts.
It determines if a destination is reachable and if it is responding.
Sends an echo request message to a host.The host returns the message, verifying the
connection.
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C:\>ping 204.146.80.99
PingCommand
IP Address
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ping 204.146.80.99
IP AddressIP Address BytesBytes TimeTime Time-to-Live
Time-to-Live
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C:\>ping www.ibm.com
PingCommand
URL orHost Name
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IP AddressIP Address
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
EndEnd