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The Anatomy of the Heart
Gareth Yeung
Overview
Large conical shaped muscular organ
Size depends on size of person Usually size of clenched fist
250g = Women 300g = Men
Located within the chest
Where is the heart?
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings
Where is the heart?
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings
The Pericardium
Outer layer – Parietal Layer Inner Layer – Visceral Layer
Cavity – Pericardial Cavity
Serous Fluid provides lubrication for the two layers
The Pericardium
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.
The Heart Wall
Divided into three layers – The Epicardium (external layer) The Myocardium (middle layer) The Endocardium (inner layer)
The Epicardium
Here is where the coronary arteries lie before entering the myocardium
Contains a lot of fat for protection
The Myocardium
Cells arranged in circular bundles that link all the chambers together
This affects the way the heart contracts
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings
The Endocardium
Lies inside the heart Thin sheet of endothelium on top of
connective tissue Lines the heart chambers and blood
vessels entering and leaving the heart.
The Heart Wall
Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.
The Chambers of the Heart
Four chambers in the Heart
Two Atria – Pump blood into Ventricles
Two Ventricles – Pump blood out of the Heart.
Right Atrium
Feeds right ventricle Fed by 3 main vessels:
Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Coronary Sulcus
Contains de-oxygenated blood ~ 75% saturation Sino-atrial Node & Atrioventricular Node Contains depression called Fossa Ovalis Pressure = 4 mmHG
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings
Left Atrium
Feeds left ventricle Fed by 4 blood vessels:
Two from left Two from right
Smaller than right atrium Contains oxygenated blood ~ 97-99% saturation Pressure = ~ 8 mmHG
Right Ventricle
‘Crescent’ shaped Fed by the RA through the Tricuspid Valve Pumps blood into pulmonary system
through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery
Unique band of muscle – Moderator band Pressure:
Peak Systole = 15–30 mmHG End Diastole = 3–8 mmHG
James Publishing, (2010), Cross-section of the ventricles of the heart, which are important to blood movement [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/images/Cross_Section_Ventricles.gif [Accessed 15 April 12].
Left Ventricle
‘Conical’ shaped Fed by the LA through the Mitrial Valve Pumps blood into circulatory system
through the aortic valve and aorta Much thicker muscle mass Pressure:
Peak Systole = 90–140 mmHG End Diastole = 5–12 mmHG
The Atrioventricular Valves
Chordae Tendineae attached to free edge of cusp
Papillary muscles anchor tendons to the heart
Tendons and muscle help prevent inversion of cusps
Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.
The Pulmonary Artery & The Aorta
Three layers: Tunica Intima (Inner) Tunica Media (Middle) Tunica Externa (Outer)
Carries blood away from heart = artery PA is only artery to carry de-oxygenated
blood Carries blood to lungs Aorta transports blood to body cells Two coronary arteries branch off here
References
James Publishing, (2010), Cross-section of the ventricles of the heart, which are important to blood movement [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/images/Cross_Section_Ventricles.gif [Accessed 15 April 12].
Klabunde, R. (2011) Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. Second Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Martini, F., Nath, J. (2011) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (9th Edition). 9 Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
Tortora, G., Derrickson, B. (2011) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (Tortora, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology). 13 Edition. Wiley.