Presentasi Data

8/8/2019 Presentasi Data

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DATA PRESENTATIONDATA PRESENTATION

SHIRLEY I.M.SHIRLEY I.M.


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BIOSTATISTICSBIOSTATISTICS

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICDESCRIPTIVE STATISTIC DATA COLLECTINGDATA COLLECTING

Data managementData management

DataanalyzingDataanalyzing Data presentationData presentation

conclutionconclution

INFERENCE STATISTICINFERENCE STATISTIC


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DescriptivestatisticsDescriptivestatistics OrganizingandsummarizingobservationsOrganizingandsummarizingobservations

Providegeneral featuresofasetofdataProvidegeneral featuresofasetofdata

Assumeanumber ofdifferent form:Assumeanumber ofdifferent form: TablesTables

GraphsGraphs

Numericalsummary measureNumericalsummary measure

TablesTables ThesimplestmeansofsummarizingasetofThesimplestmeansofsummarizingasetof

observationsobservations Canbeused for alltypesofdataCanbeused for alltypesofdata

Informative whennotcomplexInformative whennotcomplex


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Severaltypeoftables:Severaltypeoftables:

Frequency DistributionFrequency Distribution

Relative frequencyRelative frequency for anintervalisthefor anintervalisthe

percentageof thetotalnumber ofpercentageof thetotalnumber ofobservationsthatappear inthatintervalobservationsthatappear inthatinterval

Cumulative relative frequencyCumulative relative frequency

isthe percentageofthetotalnumber ofisthe percentageofthetotalnumber ofobservations thathaveavaluelessthanorobservations thathaveavaluelessthanorequaltotheupper limitoftheintervalequaltotheupper limitoftheinterval

Calculatedbysummingthe relativeCalculatedbysummingthe relativefrequency for thespecialintervalanallfrequency for thespecialintervalanallpreviousonespreviousones

TABLE


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Severaltypeoftables:Severaltypeoftables:

Frequency DistributionFrequency Distribution

Relative frequencyRelative frequency for anintervalisthefor anintervalisthepercentageof thetotalnumber ofpercentageof thetotalnumber ofobservationsthatappear inthatintervalobservationsthatappear inthatinterval

Cumulative relative frequencyCumulative relative frequency

isthe percentageofthetotalnumber ofisthe percentageofthetotalnumber ofobservations thathaveavaluelessthanorobservations thathaveavaluelessthanorequaltotheupper limitoftheintervalequaltotheupper limitoftheinterval

Calculatedbysummingthe relativeCalculatedbysummingthe relativefrequency for thespecialintervalanallfrequency for thespecialintervalanallpreviousonespreviousones


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Relativeand Cum.Rel.Freq of serumcholesterolRelativeand Cum.Rel.Freq of serumcholesterollel for 1,067 males 1976lel for 1,067 males 1976--19801980

CholesterollevelCholesterollevel Age 25Age 25--3434Number of menNumber of men Relative frequencyRelative frequency

(%)(%)Cummulative Rel.Cummulative Rel.Freq (%)Freq (%)

8080--119119120120--159159

160160--199199

200200--239239

240240--279279280280--319319

320320--359359

360360--399399

1313150150

442442

299299

1151153434

99

55

1,21,214,114,1

41,441,4

28,028,0

10,810,83,23,2

0,80,8

0,50,5

1,21,215,315,3

56,756,7

84,784,7

95,595,598,798,7

99,599,5

100,0100,0

TotalTotal 1.0671.067 100,0100,0


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Graphs (pictorial representationsofGraphs (pictorial representationsofnumericaldata)numericaldata)

Bar chartsBar charts

HistogramsHistograms

Frequency polygonsFrequency polygons

Scatter plotScatter plot

Box ploptsBox plopts

LinegraphsLinegraphs


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GraphsGraphs

(pictorial representationsof(pictorial representationsofnumericaldata)numericaldata)

Bar chartsBar chartsHistogramsHistograms

Frequency polygonsFrequency polygons

Scatter plotScatter plot

Box plotsBox plots

LinegraphsLinegraphs


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Bar chartBar chart Displayof frequencydistribution forDisplayof frequencydistribution for

nominalor ordinaldatanominalor ordinaldata Horizontalaxis : categoryHorizontalaxis : category

Verticalaxis: frequencyor relativeVerticalaxis: frequencyor relativefrequencyfrequency

Barsshouldbeequal widthBarsshouldbeequal width

HistogramHistogram For discreteor continuousdataFor discreteor continuousdata

Horizontalaxis: truelimitsofvariousHorizontalaxis: truelimitsofvariousintervalinterval

VerticalscaleshoulbeginatzeroVerticalscaleshoulbeginatzero


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Frequency poligonsFrequency poligons

Similar to histogramSimilar to histogram Sametoaxesasa histogramSametoaxesasa histogram

Placinga pointatthe center ofeachPlacinga pointatthe center ofeachintervalinterval

The pointsarethen connectedbystraightThe pointsarethen connectedbystraightlineslines

One wayscatter plotsOne wayscatter plots

Single horizontalaxestodisplaytheSingle horizontalaxestodisplaytherelative positionofeach datasetrelative positionofeach dataset


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Box plotBox plot

DisplayonlyasummaryofthedataDisplayonlyasummaryofthedata The centralboxextends from the 25The centralboxextends from the 25thth percentile,percentile,

tothe 75tothe 75thth percentile.percentile.

The 25The 25thth percentile, tothe 75percentile, tothe 75thth percentileofapercentileofadataset are calledthequartilesofthedatadataset are calledthequartilesofthedata

Line GraphsLine Graphs Canbeusedtoillustratethe relationshipCanbeusedtoillustratethe relationship

between continuousquantitiesbetween continuousquantities

Each pointonthegraph representsa pair ofEach pointonthegraph representsa pair of

valuevalue Mostcommonlythescalealongthe horizontalMostcommonlythescalealongthe horizontal

axis representstimeaxis representstime


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Measures of centraltendencyMeasures of centraltendency

Mean:Mean:Calculated bysummingalltheCalculated bysummingalltheobservationsinasetofdataandobservationsinasetofdataanddividing bythetotalnumber ofdividing bythetotalnumber of

measurementmeasurement MedianMedian

50% of percentileasetof50% of percentileasetofmeasurementmeasurement

ModeMode

A setofvaluesistheobservationsA setofvaluesistheobservationsthatoccurs most frequentlythatoccurs most frequently


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Types of Numerical DataTypes of Numerical Data NominaldataNominaldata

Unordered categoryUnordered category

E.g. female 0, male 1E.g. female 0, male 1

Noorder, no magnitudeNoorder, no magnitude

OrdinaldataOrdinaldata NaturalorderNaturalorder

No magnitudeNo magnitude

E.g.E.g.1.1. fatalinjuryfatalinjury

2.2. SevereinjurySevereinjury

3.3. ModerateinjuryModerateinjury

4.4. Minor injuryMinor injury


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RankedDataRankedDataOrder, higesttolowestaccordingtoOrder, higesttolowestaccordingto

magnitudemagnitude

DiscretedataDiscretedataOrderingand magnitudeimportantOrderingand magnitudeimportant

ContinuousdataContinuousdata

ThedifferencebetweenanytwoThedifferencebetweenanytwopossibledatavalues canbearbitrarypossibledatavalues canbearbitrarysmallsmall


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Measurement levelMeasurement level

jenis skala jenjang jarak dua

nilai

nilai nol

absolut

nominal tidak ada tidak ada tidak ada

ordinal ada tidak sama tidak ada

interval ada sama tidak ada

rasio ada sama ada


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histogramhistogram

Current Salary

135000.0

125000.0

115000.0

105000.0

95000.0

85000.0

75000.0

65000.0

55000.0

45000.0

35000.0

25000.0

15000.0

Histogram

Freq

uency

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Std. Dev = 17075.66

Mean = 34419.6N = 474.00


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PiediagramPiediagram


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Line GraphLine Graph

Beginning Salary

100000800006000040000200000

CurrentSalary

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0 Rsq = 0.7746

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