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AS.MAX Performance
Airspan Marketing and Product ManagementMay 2007v3.0
Connecting The World
2
Commercial in Confidence: All Rights Reserved
Fixed WiMAX HiperMAX-2 & MicroMAX Urban Ranges
• The following cell radii apply for high density deployments with indoor (non-line of sight) Self-Install CPE (EasyST):
High Site (40m) HiperMAX-2 Deployment
High Site (40m) MicroMAX
Deployment
Low Site (15m) MicroMAX “In-
Fill” Deployment
Sub-Urban
1.7km 780m 570m
Dense Urban
1.3km 650m 520m
Assumptions:
SUI Model: Dense Urban = A, Sub-Urban = B3.5GHz FDD (3.5MHz channels) OperationEasy ST at 2mStandard Integral 60deg MicroMAX Antenna60deg HiperMAX Sector with 2 channel diversity75% probability of coverage at cell edge (self install model)1/16 Uplink Sub-channelisation3dB Macro Diversity allowanceCo-channel allowance: 3dB
3
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Burst Profiles – Capacity and Typical Range
Burst Profile Capacity (Mbps) Typical Possible Range
BPSK 1/2 Lowest capacity
Highest capacity
(3.74 * channel size over-the-air)
Longest Range
Shortest Range
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 3/4
16 QAM 1/2
16 QAM 3/4
64 QAM 2/3
64 QAM 3/4
4
Commercial in Confidence: All Rights Reserved
Fixed WiMAX HiperMAX-2 & MicroMAX Urban Ranges
• The following cell radii apply for high density deployments with indoor (non-line of sight) Self-Install CPE (EasyST):
High Site (40m) HiperMAX-2 Deployment
High Site (40m) MicroMAX
Deployment
Low Site (15m) MicroMAX “In-
Fill” Deployment
Sub-Urban
1.7km 780m 570m
Dense Urban
1.3km 650m 520m
Assumptions:
SUI Model: Dense Urban = A, Sub-Urban = B3.5GHz FDD (3.5MHz channels) OperationEasy ST at 2mStandard Integral 60deg MicroMAX Antenna60deg HiperMAX Sector with 2 channel diversity75% probability of coverage at cell edge (self install model)1/16 Uplink Sub-channelisation3dB Macro Diversity allowanceCo-channel allowance: 3dB
5
Commercial in Confidence: All Rights Reserved
Urban Deployment Scenario
• High Density 3.5GHz Urban Wireless Broadband Network Deployment using self install Indoor CPE
– HiperMAX-2 deployed on high sites providing blanket cellular coverage– MicroMAX tactically deployed on low sites for coverage in-fill
IP POP
HiperMAX
MicroMAX
2.6km 1.4km Non-LOS Cell Diameters
6
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Rural Deployment Scenario [1]
• Low Density 3.5GHz Rural Wireless Broadband Network Deployment using self-install Indoor CPE + Professional install Outdoor CPE
– Single High Sited (40m) HiperMAX-2 Basestation serving remote users
HiperMAX to Indoor CPE = 2km
HiperMAX to Outdoor CPE = >15km
HiperMAX-2 High Site
All ranges for non-LOS
Note:
High Sited MicroMAX gives ranges as follows:
Indoor CPE = 900mOutdoor CPE = 8.4km
7
Commercial in Confidence: All Rights Reserved
Rural Deployment Scenario [2]
• Low Density 3.5GHz Rural Wireless Broadband Network Deployment using Indoor & Outdoor CPE
– Low Sited (15m) MicroMAX Basestations serving remote users
MicroMAX Low Site
All cell diameters are for non-LOS
Note:
Low Sited HiperMAX-2 gives cell diameters as follows:
Indoor CPE = 2.3kmOutdoor CPE = 14km
Outdoor CPE: 7km
Indoor CPE: 1.2km
8
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WiMAX Channel Throughput
• The following maximum burst rates apply for all Fixed WiMAX (16d) systems with 3.5MHz Channels:
Modulation
Maximum Gross Burst Rate
64QAM ¾ 13.1Mbps
64QAM 2/3 11.6Mbps
16QAM ¾ 8.7Mbps
16QAM ½ 5.8Mbps
QPSK ¾ 4.4Mbps
QPSK ½ 2.9Mbps
BPSK ½ 1.5Mbps Example of how burst rate reduces with increasing path-loss (HiperMAX)
9
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AS.MAX Net Channel Throughput
• Two configurable parameters affect the MAC Efficiency, which relates to Net Throughput:
– Cyclic Prefix – The amount of guard time left between frames to allow for delayed multi-path components.
– Frame Size – The lower the frame size, the more significant the management overhead.
1/4 1/16 1/32
2.5ms 51% 58% 59%
8ms 84% 86% 87%
20ms 93% 94% 94%
1/4 1/16 1/32
2.5ms 48% 52% 53%
8ms 79% 81% 82%
20ms 88% 89% 89%
Cyclic Prefix
Frame Duration
Downlink Uplink
64QAM 3/4
Charts showing Maximum MAC Efficiency
10
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1.42-1.52
GHz TDD
3.3-3.5
GHz TDD
3.4-3.6
GHz TDD
3.6-3.8
GHz TDD
3.6-3.8
GHz FDD
(Lo, Hi)
4.9-5.0
GHz TDD
5.725-5.875
GHz TDD
5.47-5.725
GHz TDD
3.4-3.6
GHz FDD
(Lo, Hi)
5.15-5.35
GHz TDD
3.4-3.5
GHz FDD
50 MHz
AS.MAX Tip#145: MicroMAXd Frequency Bands
5.85-5/95
GHz TDD
• More Bands than any competing WiMAX Product
• 12 Frequency Bands (14 – including Lo/Hi variants)
• 4 Product Families:– MicroMAX 1.4/1.5 GHz TDD
– MicroMAX 3.X GHz TDD
– MicroMAX 3.X GHz FDD
– MicroMAX 4.9/5.X GHz TDD
11
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Fixed and Mobile WiMAX
Fixed WiMAX Mobile WiMAX
Standard 802.16d-2004
(802.16-2004 Base plus Corrigendum)
802.16e-2005,
Mainly the extension from 802.16e
PHY 256 FFT OFDM 512 and 1024 FFT SOFDMA
Channel Sizes 3.5 MHz, 7 MHz and 10 MHz 5 MHz and 10 MHz
Duplex Method TDD & FDD TDD only (today)
Convergence Layer Ethernet (Layer 2) IP (Layer 3)
Application Scenarios Fixed and Nomadic
- Maybe Portable
Portable and Mobile
Client Form-Factor Outdoor CPEs Indoor Desktop Modems
Laptop Card, USB Devices, Mini-PCI (for Laptops), PDAs, Handsets
Modulations 64 QAM on Uplink and Downlink 64 QAM on downlink, 16 QAM on uplink
System Features Transparent Bridging, Nomadic Roaming, Self-Install
Handover Support, Paging, Sleep Mode
CPE to Support these RF Techniques
Tx and Rx Diversity (optional)Uplink Sub-channelisation (optional)
AAS (optional)
AAS (mandatory)MIMO (mandatory)
Fixed and Mobile WiMAX are different!
12
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WiMAX Over-the-air Gross Data Rates at different Channel Sizes
• Relevant Modulations– BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM– Adaptive modulation – according to SNR
• Forward Error Correction (FEC) – Reed Solomon paired with Convolution Code
• Data Rates depend on the modulation and on the FEC ratio• Data Rates
– Best Spectral efficiency at 64 QAM ¾ 3.74 bit/sec/Hz which means Max over-the-air gross rate = 3.74 * Channel Size – Examples:
• 3.5 MHz 3.5 * 3.74 = 13.1 Mbps (gross, over-the-air)• FDD Base Station must be full duplex, therefore
FDD BS radio over 3.5 MHz channels supports 2 * 13.1Mbps (gross)
• 10MHz 10 * 3.74 = 37.4 Mps (gross, over-the-air)
13
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WirelessMAN-OFDM – Raw Data Rates (Mbps)
Modulation/ Code Rate
BPSK ½QPSK
½QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
64QAM 2/3
64QAM ¾
1.75 MHz 0.73 1.45 2.18 2.91 4.36 5.94 6.55
3.5 MHz 1.45 2.91 4.37 5.82 8.73 11.88 13.09
7.0 MHz 2.91 5.82 8.73 11.64 17.45 23.75 26.18
10.0 MHz 4.19 8.38 12.57 16.76 25.13 33.51 37.70
14
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WirelessMAN-OFDM – Sensitivity Thresholds (dBm)
Modulation/ Code Rate
BPSK ½QPSK
½QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
64QAM 2/3
64QAM ¾
1.75 MHz -101 -99 -97 -94 -91 -87 -85
3.5 MHz -98 -96 -94 -91 -88 -84 -82
7.0 MHz -95 -93 -91 -88 -85 -81 -79
10.0 MHz -94 -92 -90 -87 -84 -80 -78
• Subchannelization can provide additional 12dB gain in the uplink
15
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AS.MAX Net Channel Throughput
• Two configurable parameters affect the MAC Efficiency, which relates to Net Throughput:
– Cyclic Prefix – The amount of guard time left between frames to allow for delayed multi-path components.
– Frame Size – The lower the frame size, the more significant the management overhead.
1/4 1/16 1/32
2.5ms 51% 58% 59%
8ms 84% 86% 87%
20ms 93% 94% 94%
1/4 1/16 1/32
2.5ms 48% 52% 53%
8ms 79% 81% 82%
20ms 88% 89% 89%
Cyclic Prefix
Frame Duration
Downlink Uplink
64QAM 3/4
Charts showing Maximum MAC Efficiency
16
Commercial in Confidence: All Rights Reserved
WiMAX Channel Throughput
• The following maximum burst rates apply for all WiMAX systems with 3.5MHz Channels:
ModulationMaximum Gross
Burst Rate
64QAM ¾ 13.1Mbps
64QAM 2/3 11.6Mbps
16QAM ¾ 8.7Mbps
16QAM ½ 5.8Mbps
QPSK ¾ 4.4Mbps
QPSK ½ 2.9Mbps
BPSK ½ 1.5Mbps Example of how burst rate reduces with increasing path-loss (HiperMAX)
17
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WiMAX Tip #12: Over-the-air Gross Data Rates at different Channel Sizes
• Relevant Modulations– BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM– Adaptive modulation – according to SNR
• Forward Error Correction (FEC) – Reed Solomon paired with Convolution Code
• Data Rates depend on the modulation and on the FEC ratio• Data Rates
– Best Spectral efficiency at 64 QAM ¾ 3.74 bit/sec/Hz which means Max over-the-air gross rate = 3.74 * Channel Size – Examples:
• 3.5 MHz 3.5 * 3.74 = 13.1 Mbps (gross, over-the-air)• FDD Base Station must be full duplex, therefore
FDD BS radio over 3.5 MHz channels supports 2 * 13.1Mbps (gross)
• 10MHz 10 * 3.74 = 37.4 Mps (gross, over-the-air)
18
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Data Rates (Mbps) – Gross, Over The Air
Modulation/ Code Rate
BPSK ½QPSK
½QPSK ¾
16QAM ½
16QAM ¾
64QAM 2/3
64QAM ¾
1.75 MHz 0.73 1.45 2.18 2.91 4.36 5.94 6.55
3.5 MHz 1.45 2.91 4.37 5.82 8.73 11.88 13.10
10.0 MHz 4.19 8.38 12.57 16.76 25.13 33.51 37.40
3.74 * channelNotes:
Net Data Rates will be substantially lower
Net Data Rates will differ for different vendor implementations
Net Data Rate depends on protocol, application, packet size and other factors