PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Due to the temporal and geographic amplitude of the history of

Spain, Spanish architecture has received many different

influences and has had many different expressions.

The real development came with the Romans who left behind in

Hispania some of their most amazing monuments. The Muslim

invasion in 711 meant a radical change during the eight

centuries that followed and produced great step forwards in the

culture and the architecture. Córdoba, the capital of the

Umayyad dynasty and Granada, capital of the Nasrid dynasty,

became cultural centers of great importance.

Many Spanish architectural structures, even big parts of the

cities, have been given the status of World Heritage Site given

their artistic relevance. Spain is the second country with more

places with the status of World Heritage Site granted by the

UNESCO, the first one is Italy.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE

During the Stone Age the

most widespread megalith

in the Iberian Peninsula was

the dolmen. The plans of

these funerary chambers used to be pseudocircles or

trapezoids, formed by huge stones stuck on the ground

and with others above them as a roof.

The complex of Antequera contains the largest dolmen in

Europe. The Cueva de Menga is 25 meters deep and four

meters high and was built with 32 megaliths. Now, on the

inside a well has been discovered, whose origin is

unknown.

IBERIAN AND CELTIC ARCHITECTURE

The Castro culture,

that arose in the

north and in the

center of the

Peninsula and that

was directly or indirectly related to

the Celts, developed the

characteristic constructions called

castors. These are walled villages

usually located on the top of hills or

mountains.

Castro de Baroña

Galicia

ROMAN AGE

The Roman conquest of Hispania that began in 218 BC meant

the almost complete Romanization of the Iberian Peninsula. The

local population deeply adopted the Roman culture: former

military camps and Iberian, Phoenician and Greek settlements

were transformed into large cities, like the Emerita Augusta for

example, united by a complex net of roads. The development of

construction includes some monuments of comparable quality to

those of the capital, Rome.

Emérita

Augusta - Mérida

Aqueduct of Segovia

Aqueduct of Mérida

Itálica

Sevilla - Spain

Cueva de Menga

Antequera

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Alhambra de Granada

Granada - Spain

La Mezquita de Córdoba

Córdoba - Spain

La Giralda

Sevilla - Spain

La Torre del Oro

Sevilla - Spain AL-ANDALUS ART

In the Iberian

Peninsula Allah was

prayed to and Arabic

was spoken during 8

centuries.

PRE-ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

The term Pre-Romanesque refers to

the Christian art after Classical times

and before Romanesque art. It covers

different artistic displays, for they

were made in different centuries and

by different cultures. The Spanish

territory has a large variety of Pre-

Romanesque architecture: some of its

branches, like the Asturian art,

reached high levels of refinement for

their time and cultural context.

San Pedro de la Nave

Zamora - Spain

Visigothic Architecture Asturian Architecture

The Asturian Pre-Romanesque is a particular style that,

combining elements from other styles such as the

Visigothic style and local traditions, created and

developed its own personality and characteristics and

reached a high level of refinement, not only in

construction but also in aesthetics.

Santa María del Naranco

Asturias - Spain

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

Santiago de Compostela - Spain

Cathedral of Burgos

Burgos - Spain

ROMANESQUE ART

During the Romanesque

period architecture was the

supreme art above painting

and sculpture that were

subordinated to it. Paintings

and sculptures were used to

decorate the Romanesque

constructions.

GOTHIC ART

Gothic style appeared in the second half of the

12th century, when architects replaced the

semicircular arch for the lancet arch and the

barrel vault for the ribbed vault. This gave more

height and length to the buildings and so it was

possible to install large windows.

The Gothic period covers four centuries and

through this style Europe showed its artistic

ingenuity. Two main factors helped to the

development of this style: the masters’

experience and the economy.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Convent of San Lorenzo el Real

El Escorial - Madrid - Spain

Cathedral of Jaén

Jaén- Spain

RENAISSANCE ART

In Spain the Renaissance period

came united to the Gothic

forms in the last decades of the

15th century. The style began

to spread mostly due to local

architects: this created a

specific Spanish Renaissance

style influenced by southern

Italy architecture, sometimes

by means of illustrated books

and paintings, and by the

Gothic tradition and the local

idiosyncrasy.

BAROQUE ART

Spanish cities of the Baroque period

are mostly conventual. In Sevilla

around 70 monasteries were built.

Many Baroque architects were monks.

Spanish cities experienced large

urban transformations in their

architecture.

The urban alterations end with the

construction of the Main Square in the

center.

Plaza Mayor

Salamanca - España

Convent of La Encarnación

Madrid - Spain

Plaza Mayor

Salamanca - Spain

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

THE 21ST CENTURY

In Spain one of the most famous architects is Santiago

Calatrava. Nowadays Calatrava is considered to be one

of the architects specialized in large structures. He has

received many awards and acknowledgment for his

work. Calatrava’s work means an authentic revolution

in architecture and it’s characterized by the

combination of architecture and engineering, which

had been separated since the 18th century. Santiago

Calatrava means a reunion with architecture’s

constructive tradition, influenced by Fernando

Higueras, JØrn Utzon, Antonio Gaudí and the Gothic

and Roman architecture.

Plaza Mayor

Salamanca - España

THE 20TH CENTURY

MODERNISM

In Spain, modernism was concentrated in Barcelona when

the city extended its territory over its historical limits,

creating the Eixample (urban expansion area) designed by

Ildefonso Cerdá, in which the so-called Catalonian

modernism would be developed. It broke away from former

styles and was inspired by organic forms, as the Art

Noueveau in France and the Jugendstil in Germany. The

most famous architect is Antoni Gaudí, whose work in

Barcelona (among the most well-known: The Sagrada

Familia, Park Güell, Casa Milà and Casa Batlló) combines

traditional architecture with new styles. He was the

precursor of modern architecture.

Sagrada Familia Barcelona - Spain

Casa Milà Barcelona - Spain

Casa Batlló Barcelona - Spain

The City of Arts and Sciences Valencia - Spain

Tenerife’s

Auditorium Tenerife - Spain

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

SPANISH CINEMA Spanish cinema is of great importance when it comes to know the

historical evolution of the Spanish society. Besides, for decades

the Spanish cinema has not only been an entertainment for the

masses but also an important historical and artistic document.

Nowadays it is the second in a global level if it’s compared with

the cinema produced by the Anglo-Saxon countries, mostly in the

United States. One of the main figures of the Spanish cinema is Luis Buñuel, a

director whose production had a great influence in Europe (through France) and

Latin America (through Mexico) and also the international sporadic successful

works of directors like Segundo de Chomón, Florián Rey, Juan Antonio Bardem,

Luis García Berlanga, Carlos Saura, Jesús Franco, Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi, Mario

Camus, Pedro Almodóvar or Alejandro Amenábar.

Other aspects have had less international repercussion. Only some figures have

achieved fame, mostly for their work out of Spain, like the artistic director Gil

Parrondo, winner of two Oscar Awards in Hollywood, and the director of

photography Néstor Almendros (who developed his whole career out of Spain) or

actors like Fernando Rey, Francisco Rabal, Fernando Fernán Gómez, Antonio

Banderas, Sergi López and Javier Bardem and actresses like Sara Montiel, Ángela

Molina, Victoria Abril, Carmen Maura, Maribel Verdú and, above all, Penélope

Cruz.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

LUIS GARCÍA BERLANGA 1952 – Welcome Mr. Marshall

1954 – Boyfriend ahoy!

1963 – The Executioner

1977 – The National Shotgun

1980 – National Patrimony

1985 – The Heifer

1987 – Moors and Christians

1993 – Everyone to Jail!

1999 - París Timbuktu

PEDRO ALMODÓVAR

ALEJANDRO AMENÁBAR

1996 – Thesis (Snuff)

1997 – Open Your Eyes

2001 – The others

2004 – The Sea Inside

2009 - Agora

Experimental pahse: Tim, Pepi, Luci, Bom and other Girls

on the Heap and Laberinth of Passions.

Phase influenced by Federico Fellini: Dark Habits and

What Have I Done to Deserve This?.

Phase influenced by the masters: Matador, Law of Desire,

Women on the Verge of a Nervous

Breakdown, Tie Me up! Tie Me Down! And

High Heels.

Autobiographical phase: All About My Mother and Return.

Noir phase: Bad Education, Broken Embraces and The Skin

I live in.

DIRECTORS LUIS BUÑUEL 1929 – An Andalusian Dog

1930 – The Golden Age

1933 – Land Without Bread

1947 – Magnificent Casino

1949 – The Great Madcap

1950 – The Forgotten

1951 - Susana (The devil and the flesh)

1951 – The daughter of Deceit

1952 – A Woman Without Love

1952 – Ascent to Heaven

1953 – The Brute

1953 – This Strange Passion

1954 – Illusion Travels by Streetcar

1954 – Wuthering Heights

1954 - Robinson Crusoe

1955 – Rehearsal for a Crime

1955 – The River and Death

1956 – That is the Dawn

1956 – Death in the Garden

1959 - Nazarín

1959 – Fever Rises in El Pao

1960 – The Young One

1961 - Viridiana

1962 – The Exterminating Angel

1964 – The Diary of a Chambermaid

1965 – Simon of the Desert

1966 – Beautiful during the day

1969 – The Milky Way

1970 - Tristana

1972 – The Discret Charm of the

Bourgeoisie

1974 – The Phantom of Liberty

1977 – That Obscure Object of Desire

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

ACTORS / ACTRESSES

Francisco Rabal

Fernando Fernán Gómez Sergi López Javier Bardem Antonio Banderas

Sara Montiel

Victoria Abril

Carmen

Maura

Penélope

Cruz

Ángela

Molina

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC S C o m i c

Num. 1 - January 2013

panish

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

CAPTAIN THUNDER

(1956) – As the typical

adventurous main character, he

defended oppressed villages and

punished the tyrants. He went

beyond borders together with

the big and strong Goliath,

the intrepid Crispín and his

partner the Nordic Sigrid.

ZIPI Y ZAPE

It’s a humorous

comic strip created

and developed by

the Spanish author

José Escobar.

MORTADELO Y

FILEMÓN

This is a humorous

comic strip series

created and developed

by the Spanish author

Francisco Ibáñez.

THURSDAYS

It’s a satirical humor weekly

magazine published in

Barcelona since 1977 and the

last survivor of the magazines

that came out during the so-

called adult comic boom in

Spain. Due to its criticism to

current events it has been

involved in different trials

and polemics.

THE MASK WARRIOR

(1944) - This series covers

more than 20 years of

fights, heroic rescues and

mass battles that fill the

children’s dreams of

several generations of

comic lovers.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

She took her first artistic steps in the Dance

Studio of Víctor Ullate (1983-1991), completing

her education with David Howard and Renatto

Paroni.

Tamara Rojo

When she joined the Royal Ballet in 2000, Tamara Rojo, being 25 years-old,

became the first Spanish dancer that danced for the most important company

in the United Kingdom and one of the most prestigious companies in the

world. Besides, she was the second youngest artist in ballet’s history that

became first dancer after Maya Plisétskaya, who became first dancer at the

age of 18 in Bolshói Theatre.

She acted, as guest artist, with the La Scala Theatre Ballet of Milan, the Nice

Opera Ballet, the Verona Arena, the Cuban National Ballet and the Berlin

Opera Ballet and has participated in many international galas. Ever since her

first professional steps, Tamara Rojo has interpreted roles with numerous

nuances, from which we can highlight the neoclassical choreographies of the

Dutch School and those of deep Spanish meaning and roots of Ullate, such as

Volando hacia la luz (Flying towards the light) and Concierto para Tres

(Concert for three), or those renewed by Derek Deane like Romeo and Juliet

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

"Dancer and choreographer. He is one of the most relevant

figures in Spanish contemporary dance worldwide”.

He received his education in the Rambert School of London and widened his studies in

the Mudra School of Maurice Béjart in Brussels and in the American Dance Centre of

Alvin Ailey in New York. His professional career began in 1980 in the prestigious

Cullberg Ballet of Stockholm, but it was in the Nederlands Dans Theater (1981),

directed by Jirí Kylián, were he began to be well-known. He created there his first

choreography “Jardí tancat” (1983), with music of Maria del Mar Bonet. His ballets

and choreographies are part of the most prestigious international companies’

repertoire. He was the artistic director of the Spanish National Lyrical Theatre Ballet

in Madrid, today the National Dance Company (1990-2010). In 1999 he founded the

National Dance Company 2 with the aim of educating and preparing dancers for their

professional life. Today he directs the Mijáilovski Theatre Ballet of Saint Petersburg.

Nacho Duato

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Flamenco dance could be defined in many different ways and all of them would be valid. María Alonso, from Spain, says that “flamenco dance is fire and wings; courage and soul. It’s the legs, the arms, the hands, the feet. It’s the claking, that rhythm stuck on the floor, the grown roots of flamenco art that shake over the ground and move crying out to the sky the gypsy passion”.

Flamenco

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Spanish Literature

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Don Quixote of la Mancha Miguel de Cervantes Works

It’s one of the most important works of Spanish and

universal literature and one of the most translated

ones.

Don Quixote was the first work that genuinely

demythologized the chivalry and courteous tradition,

given the burlesque way in which he pictures it. It

represents the first literature work that can be

classified as modern novel and also the first

polyphonic novel, that’s why it highly influenced all

following European narrative. In 2002 at the

Norwegian Book Club’s request a list was made with

the best literary works of history. This list would be

made with the votes of 100 great writers of 54

different nationalities. The works would appear in a

strict alphabetical order, so that no work would

prevail over another, but it was decided unanimously

to make an exception with "Don Quixote" that

appeared at the beginning of the list as “the best

literary work ever”.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

El Cantar del Mio Cid Anónimo

The Poem of the Cid is an anonymous epic

poem that relates the heroic deeds of the

last years of the life of the Castilian knight

Rodrigo Díaz El Campeador. It is the first

extensive narrative work of the Spanish

literature in romance language and it

stands out for the high literary value of its

style. It was written in 1200

approximately.

The Poem of the Cid is the only epic poem

of the Spanish literature that has been

preserved almost in its whole. The first

page of the original and other two pages

from inside the codex have been lost, but

the content of the existing gaps can be

deduced from chronistic documents

written in prose, especially from the

Estoria de España.

Works

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

He was a Spanish poet and prose writer who

was a member of the literary movement

known as the Generation of ‘98. He is probably

the poet of his time that is read the most

today. In 1927 he was chosen as member of

the Royal Spanish Academy of Language.

During the 20’s and 30’s he wrote theatre with

his brother Manuel, also a poet, and they

premiered some works from which we can

highlight La Lola se va a los puertos (Lola

heads to the Harbours), in 1929, and La

duquesa de Benamejí (The Duchess of

Benamejí), in 1931. When the Spanish Civil

War broke out he was in Madrid.

He moved later to Valencia and to Barcelona

and in January 1939 he went into exile to the

French town of Colliure, where he died in

February.

Writers

Antonio Machado

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Federico García Lorca was a Spanish

poet, dramatist and prose writer, also

known for his skills in many other arts. He

was a member of the so-called Generation

of ’27. He is the most influential and

popular poet of the 20th century Spanish

literature. As dramatist, he is considered

to be one of the most important figures of

the 20th century Spanish theatre, together

with Valle-Inclán and Buero Vallejo.

He was executed after the military

rebellion of the Spanish Civil War. The

reasons of his execution are widely

discussed, among the hypothesis we find:

that he supported the Popular Front, that

he was openly homosexual and family

distancing.

Writers

Federico García Lorca

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

He was a Spanish poet born in Orihuela,

Alicante, in 1910. Being son of country

people he worked as a goat shepherd among

other trades. Guided by his friend Ramón

Sijé, he took his first steps in poetry when

he was twenty years-old. In 1933 he

published his first book “Perito en lunas”

and later his sonnets gathered in “El rayo

que no cesa”, which expressed the love

experience of the poet. During the Civil War

he was an active member of the Republican

side as his Culture Commissioner. He was

put in jail and condemned to death at the

end of the conflict. Before he died, sick and

under arrest, he published his last work

“Cancionero y romancero de ausencias”.

He died in 1942.

Writers

Miguel Hernández

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC MuSic

panish

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Isaac Albéniz

C o m p o s e r s Spanish composer and pianist. The life of Isaac

Albéniz, during his childhood and youth above all,

is one of the most fascinating novels of the

history of music. He was a child prodigy and

made his pianist debut with great success when

he was four years-old in a recital in Barcelona.

After studying piano in this city and trying,

unsuccessfully, to enter the conservatory of Paris,

he continued his studies in Madrid, where his

family had moved to in 1869.

His suite for piano Iberia, his masterpiece, it’s

the highest expression of his dream of creating

“national music with universal tone”. Admired by

musicians like Debussy, the influence that this

score had on other Spanish nationalist composers,

like Falla and Granados, was decisive. Only

because of this composition Albéniz deserves a

privileged place in Spanish music.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Manuel de Falla

He was one of the first composers who,

developing an unmistakable Spanish style but

also different from the clichés, made himself

known successfully in all Europe and America,

and by doing so he overcame the isolation and

subordination to other traditions that the

Spanish music suffered since the 18th century.

He was never a prolific composer but his

creations, all of them with an astonishing level

of perfection, are an essential part of almost

every repertoire.

In 1914 he composed one of his most famous

works: the pantomime El amor brujo (Love the

Magician) and the ballet El sombrero de tres

picos (The Three-Cornered Hat).

C o m p o s e r s

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

S i n g e r s He is known for his versatile voice with

which he can sing as baritone and tenor. He

is also conductor, producer and composer

and the general director of the Washington

National Opera in Washington, D.C. and of

the Los Angeles Opera (California).

He might be the most versatile tenor alive.

His repertoire is very varied and has many

different languages: he has sung in Italian,

French, German, Spanish, English and

Russian. On the stage he has interpreted

more than ninety different roles and if we

include recordings, more than a hundred and

twenty. However, his main repertoire is in

Italian, French and German.

Plácido Domingo

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Julio Iglesias is the Spanish-speaking singer

with more commercial success until today.

At international level he is one of the most

successful singers.

According to Sony Music he is one of the ten

singers that have sold more records in music

history, having sold 300 millions of his 80

albums edited in the whole world in 14

languages until today, and with more than

2.600 certified gold and platinum discs.

It is estimated that along his career he has

performed for 60 million people in the five

continents and that he is the foreign singer

with more sales in Brazil (17 millions) in

2001 and in France (9 millions) in 2005.

Julio Iglesias

S i n g e r s

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

Francisco Sánchez Gomes, worldwide

known as Paco de Lucía, was born on the

21st of December 1947 in Cádiz, Spain.

The flamenco guitarist creates his artistic

name uniting the name Paco (as his

friends used to call him) with Lucía (the

name of his mother). Ever since he was

little, Paco de Lucía had always been

connected to music, given that he was

born in a family of artists.

At the end of the 60’s, Paco de Lucía met

“Camarón de la Isla”, and together they

carried out a series of projects. Both of

them are considered by the critics as the

precursors of flamenco fusions with other

genres such as Rock and Jazz.

Paco de Lucía

M u s i c i a n s

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC Spanish

PAINting

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

The surrender of Breda

Diego Velázquez

Figure at a Window

Salvador Dalí

DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ

He was one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting in the

Baroque period and also all along its history. He is considered to

be one of the greatest painters that Spain has contributed to the

international art.

The Persistence of Memory

Salvador Dalí

SALVADOR DALÍ

Dalí is known for his impressive

and oneiric surrealist images. His

pictorial skills are attributed to the

influence of and his admiration for

Renaissance art. He was also an

expert draftsman. One of his most

famous works is the "La

persistencia de la memoria" (The

Persistence of Memory), created in

1931. The plastic resources of Dalí

also included cinema, sculpture

and photography, what made him

collaborate with other audiovisual

artists.

The Maids of Honour

Diego Velázquez

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

The Third of May

Francisco de Goya

FRANCISCO DE GOYA

He was a Spanish painter and

engraver. His work covers easel

and mural painting, engraving

works and drawing. In all these

facets he developed a style that

initiated the Romanticism period.

Goyaesque art meant the

beginning of contemporary

painting and he is considered to

be the precursor of the 20th

century pictorial avant-gardes. The Comet

Francisco de Goya

PABLO PICASSO

He is considered to be one

of the 20th century greatest

artists. He participated in

the beginning of many

artistic movements that

spread all around the world

and deeply influenced many

other great artists of his

time. Tirelessly prolific he

painted more than two

thousand works that are in

museums all around Europe

and the rest of the world.

Guernika

Pablo Picasso

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN

He stood out in religious painting, for his art

revealed great visual strength and deep

mysticism. He was a representative artist of

the Counter-Reformation. Initially influenced

by Caravaggio, his style evolved and came

close to that of the Italian mannerist masters.

His representations are different from

Velázquez realism and his compositions are

characterized by a chiaroscuro modeling with

acid shades.

Christ on the Cross

Zurbarán

San Hugo en el Refectorio de los Cartujos

Zurbarán

BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN MURILLO

He was a Spanish painter of the 17th century. He is

one of the most important figures of Spanish Baroque

painting that, even though his recognition diminished

at the beginning of the 20th century, enjoys again

great worldwide acknowledgment.

The Holy Family of the Little Bird

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo Boy laughing looking out of a window

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

He was a Spanish Impressionist painter and graphical artist.

He was one of the most prolific Spanish painters with more

than 2.200 catalogued works.

Walk on the Beach

Sorolla

Another Marguerite

Sorolla

EL GRECO

Nowadays he is considered to be one of the

greatest artists of western civilization. This

high recognition is recent and has been

formed during the last hundred years

changing the appreciation of his painting

that people had during the two centuries and

a half after his death when he was

considered an eccentric painter and

irrelevant for art history. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz

El Greco

JOAQUÍN SOROLLA Y BASTIDA

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

HOTO P S G

RAPHY

a n i s h

p

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

J O A N C O L O M

He is a photographer from Barcelona that was part of the so-

called photographic “new avant-garde” movement. Colom

photographed the story of the Barrio del Raval (former red-

light neighborhood), his characters, his culture, the life of the

neighbors of the Raval in the middle 50’s.

C O L L E C T I O N O F T H E P E O P L E O F T H E R A V A L

We can assert that his photographies go further from what we can see, they describe and

explain a society in which even though its people suffer real hardship they know how to

have a good time and live day after day. Joan Colom does not change reality; he only

captures what happens in front of his camera.

With his whole photographic career, Joan Colom has made and continues making history.

His work is a graphic testimony of a decadent neighborhood that has been changing with

the time.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

J O A N F O N T C U B E R T A He is an art artist, teacher, essayist, critic and promoter

specialized in photography. He has received the David

Octavious Hill Award of the Fotografisches Akademie GDL of

Germany in 1988, Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

of the Ministry for Culture in France in 1994, the National

Photography Award granted by the Spanish Ministry for Culture

in 1998 and the National Essay Award in 2011.

Imaginary herbarium made

up of pseudoplants

created with industrial

detritus and organic

components from different

origins.

Anticipating the effects of the

digital age in which we are

already submerged, the story of

this imaginary bestiary,

documented by a complex

scientific device, confronts us,

with healthy irony, with the

question of the camera’s

credibility and with the fiction

of the photographic image that,

for the critics, has become a

reference for photographic

fiction in the eyes of the post-

modernist sensibility.

He creates elaborated photographic tricks

that challenge and provoke, forcing us to

reexamine the relationship between

photography and reality. Sputnik contains

a whole series of unprecedented material

about the almost unknown Soviet space

history.

HERBARIUM FAUNA

SPUTNIK

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

C H E M A M A D O Z

He is a much acknowledged Spanish photographer who received

the National Photography Award in 2000.

He has made numerous individual exhibitions in Spain and abroad,

and all his work, apart from being respected by the critics, is

reaching a level of popularity unthinkable for other contemporary

artists.

He loves black and white and his work contains images that come out from clever

imaginary games in which perspectives and textures create the images.

In his hands a cage can be filled with clouds, a spoon can project a fork’s shadow and

two hairgrips are transformed, as if by magic, into an eye that cries. It’s the universe

of Chema Madoz (Madrid, 1958), the photographer changes the reality in each image,

transmitting the certainty that almost nothing it’s what it seems.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

MARIANO BENLLIURE He was born in Grao of Valencia, in the bosom of a family with a large artistic

tradition. Besides, he was an early artist and he showed his talent for sculpture

since he was a child. He participated in his first contests and exhibitions before

he was ten years-old.

He would become one of the most famous Spanish sculptors of the 20th century

and from his youth he began to develop his style about a subject in which he

stands out now: tauromachy, representing in bronze different phases and figures

of bullfighting. When he was thirteen years-old he participated in the Fine Arts

National Exhibition in 1876 showing a group of sculptures made of wax called La

cogida de un picador (The goring of a picador).

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

ALONSO CANO

As sculptor his most famous works are

the altarpiece of Nuestra Señora de la

Oliva (Virgin of the Olive Tree) in the

church of Lebrija, and the gigantic

figures of Saint Peter and Saint Paul.

As a maker of religious images, Cano

has left us with many masterpieces,

from which we can highlight his famous

Inmaculada del Facistol of the

cathedral of Granada, a masterpiece

with only 5 dm height created in 1655

in polychrome wood that given its

fineness and virtuosity was soon moved

to the sacristy for better protection

and to favor its contemplation.

In Sevilla, Cano created another one of

his most important works, the

Inmaculada Concepción that is

venerated in the parish church of Saint

Julian. It’s an sculpture made of

polychrome wood with 1,41 m height.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE

D A NCE

A RCHI TECTURE

S CU LPTURE

P AI NTING

C IN EMA

M U SIC

L ITER ATURE

P HOT OGRAPHY

C O MIC

EDUARDO CHILLIDA

Spanish sculptor considered to be one of the

most important sculptors of the 20th

century. He defended public work as a way

to guarantee the access to his work instead

of creating works of art in series. Some of

his most famous works are not only in public

places but are also an inherent part to it;

like the Peine del Viento (The Comb of the

Wind) in San Sebastián or the huge Elogio

del Horizonte (The Praise of the Horizon) in

Gijón.

Since he became internationally well-known

in the 50’s, the work of Chillida has been

represented in the main art museums and

collections of Europe and the United States.

His works have also been commented and

analyzed by art historians and critics and by

poets. His work means an inevitable legacy

of reference in the contemporary artistic

scene.

PERMANENT UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE