Presentación de PowerPoint - Conama 2016/19… · the project aim is the readapting of conventional microalgae cultures to obtain microorganisms with higher productive potential

ST-13 Bioeconomía “ La herramienta para el desarrollo de la economía circular”

Sonia Castañón de la Torre

APLICACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS INNOVADORAS EN EL DESARROLLO DE UNA BIOREFINERÍA DE

MICROALGAS VIABLE Y SOSTENIBLE

“OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURES OF MICROALGAE FOR ENERGY PURPOSES” (Ref: EFA217/11)

2012-2014

CONAMA 2016-ST-13 Bioeconomía: “ La herramienta para el desarrollo de la economía circular”

“NETWORK OF TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES TO DEVELOP A BIOREFINERY FROM ALGAE” (Ref: EFA037/15)

2016-2019

Suarez, S.; Urreta, I.; Izaguirre, J.K. and Castañón, S.

BIODIESEL

IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE WORLD’S ENERGY CONSUMPTION WILL HAVE GROWN 40% BY 2030. INCREASING ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTS, TOGETHER WITH GEOGRAPHICAL CONSUMPTION REDISTRIBUTION, WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE FURTHER DEPLETION OF FOSSIL FUELS AND TO PUSH THEIR PRICES UP AS A RESULT OF A HIGHER SUPPLY-DEMAND IMBALANCE. ENERGY DEPENDENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION CURRENTLY AMOUNTS TO 53% AND ON THE FACE OF THE STEADY ESCALATION IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENERGY IMPORTS, THE EU IS LOOKING AT THE CURRENT TRENDS WITH CONCERN.

THE IDEAL SOURCE OF BIOENERGY: MICROALGAE

DO NOT COMPETE WITH FOOD CROPS

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS AND SUSTAINABILITY: LESS FERTILE SOIL, LOWER DEMAND OF WATER RESOURCES AND HIGH CO2 FIXATION.

BIOREFINERY-MICROALGAE

ACCORDING TO THE HIGH GROWTH RATES AND OIL PRODUCTIVITY THAT SOME OF THESE SPECIES SHOW, IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE AVERAGE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE COULD REACH TO A 20-TIMES HIGHER VALUE COMPARED TO OTHER OLEAGINOUS SOIL SPECIES (CHISTI, 2007).

THE MICROALGAE-BASED BIOREFINERY PROGRAMMES STARTED MANY YEARS AGO. IT IS TIME TO MOVE FORWARD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION PROCESSES FOR MICROALGAE PRODUCTION, SPECIALLY FOR THOSE WITH BIOENERGETIC PURPOSES.

CROP OIL PRODUCTION (L/Ha/YEAR)

SOY 450 CAMELINA 580

SUNFLOWER 950 JATROPHA 1.900

PALM 6.000 ALGAE 9.000-37.000

(PIENKOS, 2007)

BIODEPURATION

o Fossil CO2 up-take o Wastewater treatment o Bioremediation/biodepuration

NUTRACEUTICALS

o Body-care products o Carotenoids o Omega-3

CHEMICALS

o Pigments o Chemical building blocks o Reactants

BIOFUELS

o Biodiesel o Biogas o Bioethanol o Biohydrogen

FOOD and FEED

o Proteins o Starch o PUFAs o Antioxidants o Pre-biotic effects o Additives AGRICULTURE

o Biofertilizer o Bioestimulant o Bioelicitor

MICROALGAE CAN BE VALORIZED IN SEVERAL SECTORS AND MARKETS

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY-----MAIN BOTTLENECK TO OVERCOME

MARKET VOLUMEN vs. MARKET REVENUES

NUTRA

FOOD

FEED

AGRICULTURE

BIOPOLYMERS

BIOFUELS

NUTRA

FOOD

FEED

AGRICULTURE

BIOPOLYMERS

BIOFUELS

ECONOMIC DRIVING FORCE

NECESSARY TO BE CONSIDERED (BIOREFINERY)

MARKET SIZE

MARK

ET E

CONO

MIC

REVE

NUE

PRODUCTION COSTS RELATIVE MARKET BENEFITS

ENERGREEN “OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURES OF MICROALGAE FOR ENERGY PURPOSES”

BIODIESEL CO2 ENZIMES METANIZATION METABOLOMICS

CULTURE AND PRODUCTION

THE PROJECT AIM IS THE READAPTING OF CONVENTIONAL MICROALGAE CULTURES TO OBTAIN MICROORGANISMS WITH HIGHER PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL (OIL) AND SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL IN A MORE COST EFFECTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE WAY. ……from cultivation to processing into biodiesel including the exploitation of waste material obtained from oil extraction, as biomolecules or biogas. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROALGAE FARMING STRATEGIES TO OBTAIN ALGAE BIOMASS RICH IN LIPIDS

THE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE OIL EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS

The research of the potential of CO2 bio-fixation by microalgae from industrial gases with high CO2 content

The evaluation of micro-algae and related extraction wastes used as raw material for the production of BIOGAS, anaerobic digestion and as a potential source of molecules of interest for other sectors

CHALLENGE: LIPID PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE IN CULTURES…………..means a reduction in the production costs WE NEED STRAIN SELECTION FOR HIGH OIL CONTENT, SUITABLE FATTY ACID PROFILE FOR BIODIESEL CONVERSION, HIGH GROWTH RATE AND AN ECONOMICALLY PROFITABLE CULTURE SYSTEM DUE TO THE LOW ECONOMIC VALUE OF BIODIESEL (YEH & CHANG, 2011).

CHLORELLA: EASY CULTURE AND HIGH GROWTH RATE Standard conditions: 20% LIPIDS and 3% FAMES in dry weight

SCENEDESMUS: HIGH GROWTH RATE, TOLERANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, RESISTANT TO CONTAMINATION WITH OTHER SPECIES Standard conditions: 25% LIPIDS and 10% FAMES in dry weight

BIOMASS COMPOSITION INCLUDES PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND FIBRE IN VARABLE PROPORTIONS, MAKING IT A VERSATILE RAW MATERIAL

NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS APPLIED IN CULTURE CAN MODIFY

DRAMATICALLY THE BIOMASS COMPOSITION AND HENCE, ITS ENERGY VALUE

Light Nutritional restriction CO2 Balance N:P:Fe

TAGs productivity Biomass composition Growth + =

“development of a culture strategy that allows improving the energy quality of

microalgae biomass as biodiesel source”

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

48 72 96 120 144 168

Time (Hours)

TAG

s (%

DW

)

N-starved

N-replete

0

2

4

6

0 48 96 144 192

Bio

mas

s (g

PSL-

1 ) Serie1Serie1

N-replete N-limited

0

3

6

9

12

0 48 96 144 192Time (H)

Neu

tral

Lip

id (%

PS

)

N ( + )

48 h 96 h 144 h

196 h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

48 72 96 120 144 168

Time (Hours)

(LIP

%D

W)

N-starved

N-replete

THE LIMITATION OF NITROGEN AVAILABILITY CAUSES RESERVE LIPIDS STORAGE IN TAGs

NITROGEN STARVATION

Gráfico4

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Time (H)

Biomass (gPSL-1)

0.1462417991

0.1423546589

0.5784823088

0.5434980469

1.1882892791

1.2725738557

1.6990215784

1.8028366643

2.3780386059

2.2403295536

3.0781978839

2.5561833972

4.3834237172

2.6645018772

5.1312715689

2.74

Hoja1

SCNEDESMUS

LPN 6mMdesvMSCdesv

Duración de N en medio (Horas)48240

Tiempo cultivo (Horas)264240

D (gPSL-1)4.1 ± 0.50.5

Lip (%PS)37 ± 0.10.131.8 ± 4.54.5

FAMES (%)30 ± 0.80.89.6 ± 11

P (mgPSL-1d-1)3754146745

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)1131244.84.3

LPN 6mMMSC

Lipidos Totales3121.7

FAMEs29.69.7

Otos Lip1.412

Carbohidratos37.427.1

Proteinas15.546.4

Cenizas1.22.9

No determinados14.91.9

85.198.1

CHLORELLA

Nitrogen (-)Nitrogen( +)



D (gPSL-1)2.80.15.10.1

Lip (%PS)22.5 ± 0.20.216.9 ± 0.50.5

FAMES (%)18.57

P (mgPSL-1d-1)395.66.4712.112.0

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)73.2649.912

LimitadosNo Limitados

Lipidos Totales24.316.316.332.82

FAMEs187.000.68

Lipidos Polares6.39.3

Carbohidratos45.429.829.774.55

Proteinas19.845.645.636.13

Cenizas10.68.38.271.40

No determinados

100100.00

Hoja1

416.4338852386

4511.9579474679

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PB (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja2

126

4.312

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PFAMES (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja3

0.1

0.1

Final Biomass (gDW L-1)

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Tieme (H)

Neutral Lipid (%PS)

3.2

4.6

1.9189495837

4.5989085209

3.2909514167

4.4324236361

3.2813566376

6.4330768288

3.356762773

8.6500659339

3.8750044476

9.3238331877

3.4699936348

11.3695169323

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Time (H)

Biomass (gPSL-1)

0.1462417991

0.1423546589

0.5784823088

0.5434980469

1.1882892791

1.2725738557

1.6990215784

1.8028366643

2.3780386059

2.2403295536

3.0781978839

2.5561833972

4.3834237172

2.6645018772

5.1312715689

2.74

Gráfico3

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Time (H)

Neutral Lipid (%PS)

3.2

4.6

1.9189495837

4.5989085209

3.2909514167

4.4324236361

3.2813566376

6.4330768288

3.356762773

8.6500659339

3.8750044476

9.3238331877

3.4699936348

11.3695169323

Hoja1

SCNEDESMUS

LPN 6mMdesvMSCdesv



D (gPSL-1)4.1 ± 0.50.5

Lip (%PS)37 ± 0.10.131.8 ± 4.54.5

FAMES (%)30 ± 0.80.89.6 ± 11

P (mgPSL-1d-1)3754146745

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)1131244.84.3

LPN 6mMMSC


FAMEs29.69.7

Otos Lip1.412


Proteinas15.546.4

Cenizas1.22.9


85.198.1

CHLORELLA

Nitrogen (-)Nitrogen( +)



D (gPSL-1)2.80.15.10.1

Lip (%PS)22.5 ± 0.20.216.9 ± 0.50.5

FAMES (%)18.57

P (mgPSL-1d-1)395.66.4712.112.0

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)73.2649.912



FAMEs187.000.68

Lipidos Polares6.39.3


Proteinas19.845.645.636.13

Cenizas10.68.38.271.40

No determinados

100100.00

Hoja1

416.4338852386

4511.9579474679

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PB (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja2

126

4.312

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PFAMES (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja3

0.1

0.1

Final Biomass (gDW L-1)

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Tieme (H)

Neutral Lipid (%PS)

3.2

4.6

1.9189495837

4.5989085209

3.2909514167

4.4324236361

3.2813566376

6.4330768288

3.356762773

8.6500659339

3.8750044476

9.3238331877

3.4699936348

11.3695169323

00

2424

4848

7272

9696

120120

144144

168168

Time (H)

Biomass (gPSL-1)

0.1462417991

0.1423546589

0.5784823088

0.5434980469

1.1882892791

1.2725738557

1.6990215784

1.8028366643

2.3780386059

2.2403295536

3.0781978839

2.5561833972

4.3834237172

2.6645018772

5.1312715689

2.74

0

200

400

600

800

Limitados No Limitados

PB (m

gL-1

d-1)

ScenedesmusChlorella

0

50

100

150

Limitados No Limitados

PFA

ME

S (m

gL-1

d-1)

ScenedesmusChlorella

ADVANCES IN THE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY ARE KEY FACTORS TO ACHIEVE COSTS REDUCTION AND IMPROVE PROFITABILITY FOR THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN OF MICROALGAE CULTURE

THE PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION IMPROVES FAME CONTENT INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY REGARDLESS OF THE DROP IN BIOMASS

PRODUCTION

Gráfico1

LimitadosLimitados416.4338852386

No LimitadosNo Limitados4511.9579474679

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PB (mgL-1d-1)

375

395.5767865946

467

712.1471099722

Hoja1

SCNEDESMUS

LPN 6mMdesvMSCdesv



D (gPSL-1)4.1 ± 0.50.5

Lip (%PS)37 ± 0.10.131.8 ± 4.54.5

FAMES (%)30 ± 0.80.89.6 ± 11

P (mgPSL-1d-1)3754146745

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)1131244.84.3

LPN 6mMMSC

FAMEs29.69.7



Proteinas15.546.4

Cenizas1.22.9


85.198.1

CHLORELLA




D (gPSL-1)2.8 ± 0.10.15.1 ± 0.10.1

Lip (%PS)22.5 ± 0.20.216.9 ± 0.50.5

FAMES (%)18.57

P (mgPSL-1d-1)395.66.4712.112.0

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)73.2649.912


FAMEs187.000.68



Proteinas19.845.645.636.13

Cenizas10.68.38.271.40

No determinados

Hoja1

416.4338852386

4511.9579474679

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PB (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja2

126

4.312

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PFAMES (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja3

Gráfico2

LimitadosLimitados126

No LimitadosNo Limitados4.312

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PFAMES (mgL-1d-1)

113

73.18170552

44.8

49.8502976981

Hoja1

SCNEDESMUS

LPN 6mMdesvMSCdesv



D (gPSL-1)4.1 ± 0.50.5

Lip (%PS)37 ± 0.10.131.8 ± 4.54.5

FAMES (%)30 ± 0.80.89.6 ± 11

P (mgPSL-1d-1)3754146745

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)1131244.84.3

LPN 6mMMSC

FAMEs29.69.7



Proteinas15.546.4

Cenizas1.22.9


85.198.1

CHLORELLA




D (gPSL-1)2.8 ± 0.10.15.1 ± 0.10.1

Lip (%PS)22.5 ± 0.20.216.9 ± 0.50.5

FAMES (%)18.57

P (mgPSL-1d-1)395.66.4712.112.0

P (mgFAMES L-1d-1)73.2649.912


FAMEs187.000.68



Proteinas19.845.645.636.13

Cenizas10.68.38.271.40

No determinados

Hoja1

416.4338852386

4511.9579474679

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PB (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja2

126

4.312

Scenedesmus

Chlorella

PFAMES (mgL-1d-1)

Hoja3

Nitrogen Available

Chlorella vulgaris Scenedesmus sp.

Ashes FAMEs

Polar Lipids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Other Lipids

FAMEs Ashes

Not determined

NITROGEN LIMITATION LED TO AN INCREASE IN FAMES AND CARBOHYDRATES. RISING OF BOTH COMPOUNDS REPRESENTS AN

IMPROVEMENT IN THE ENERGY VALUE OF THE BIOMASS

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Polar Lipids

FAMEs Ashes Ashes

Not determinaded

Proteins

FAMEs

Other Lipids

Carbohydrates

Nitrogen Limitation

EFFECT OF CULTURE FACTORS IN THE BIOMASS COMPOSITION

% FAMEs C.vulgaris 16-19 11-13 9 - 13

% FAMEs Scenedesmus 30 22 10

LABORATORY GREENHOUSE PILOT-PLANT

BIODIESEL produced with 99%DE FAMES 90% FAMES 80% FAMES

14-16% HUMIDITY 99 % HUMIDITY

•PHOSPHOLIPIDS 20-40 % •GLUCOLIPIDS 10-20 % •TRIGLYCERIDES 30-50 %

•PHOSPHOLIPIDS 1-2 % •GLUCOLIPIDS 0 % •TRIGLYCERIDES 98-99

DECANTATION FLOCCULATION FILTRATION CENTRIFUGATION** DRYING* LIOFILIZATION *

HEXANE. NOT VERY EFFECTIVE. NEEDS DRYING

CLO/ METHANOL. EFFECTIVE/ TOXIC. NEEDS DRYING

SAPONIFICATION WITH ETHANOL AND HEXANE. NO NEED FOR DRYING

SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTION: VERY LOW VALUES

EXTRACTION OF 80-95 % OF LIPIDS THAT CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO BIODIESEL

BIOMASS ( 3-5 g/l)

1st STAGE: CONCENTRATION 2nd STAGE: EXTRACTION: SOLVENTS

CHALLENGE: IMPROVE THE OIL EXTRACTION SYSTEM …………..avoiding biomass drying, using non-toxic solvents

SELECTION OF SUITABLE STRAINS ESTABLISHMENT OF INDOOR CULTURE CONDITIONS THAT ALLOW GOOD

PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS (Fames>30% of Dry Weight) HIGH EXTRACTION YIELDS (85-95%) FROM FRESH BIOMASS BIOGAS AS A COPRODUCT: ENERGY ENRICHED BIOMASS

LIMITATION: OUTDOOR CULTURE CONDITIONS MAINTENANCE TO ACHIEVE

SUITABLE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS

THE HETEROTROPHIC CULTURE SYSTEM WILL BE ABLE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF LOW PRODUCTIVITY AND THE

OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS DURING THE SCALE-UP

LIMITATIONS: COST OF CULTURE MEDIA USE OF CARBON SOURCES DESTINATED FOR FOOD

PARAMETERS CONTROL DURING THE SCALE-UP

THEORETICAL DATA

Promote the use of microalgae as renewable energy source through the improvement of their economic viability and the sustainability of the process under the basic premise of “zero residues” How? Proposing an scheme based on the circular economy, where the generated

wastes are used as nutrient source in the same culture process By diversifying the added value products that are obtained in the

Chemical, Energy, and Agriculture and Livestock industries. Creating a Dynamic Map that will allow the cross-border cooperation and the

complementarity between economic activities

Specific Actions

negative environmental impacts raw material waste greenhouse gas emissions large investments poorly efficient processes Low value added products are generated;

difficult management

composting biogas Landfill sites

URBAN SOLID WASTE 450 kg person-1 year-1

50% organic waste

PROTEIN/Aminoacids

MONOSACCHARIDES

USW1 SOYBEAN WASTE RAPESEED

WASTE SUNFLOWER

WASTE MICROALGAE

WASTE

PROTEIN % HYDROLYSIS 76 83,5 73 78 65 [AA] (mg/mL) Supernatant 19 124 149 144 92

CARBOHIDRATES % HYDROLYSIS - 92 92 87 96

[glucose] (mg/mL) Supernatant - 79 90 72 63

PROTEIN Aminoacids

WASTE 1

MONOSACCHARIDES

MEDIA CULTURE

BIOMASS CHARACTERIZATION

PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS 50 ºC; pH: 7

FILTERING

120 ºC, 5-20 min

CARBOHYDRATE HYDROLYSIS 50 ºC; pH: 7

FILTERING WASTE 2

1 Urban Solid Waste

Table 1. Hydrolysates chemical composition.

Algae Rapessed Total N (%) 0.99 0.89 Free Amino N (%) 5.50 5.44 Protein (%) 0.7 5.56 Carbon (%) 12.60 6.68 Phosphorus (%) 0.23 0.17 Potassium (%) 0.11 0.98

Hydrolysate Composition

Table 2. Culture media composition

Composition 100 ml Erlenmeyer

5 L Fermentor

Nitrogen (g/L)*

Total N 0.2 0.3

Glucose (g/L) 10 30-40 Sea salts (g/L) 10 5 * N is provided by hydrolysates AH and RH or by Yeast Extract

Figure 1. Biomass productivity and lipid content in a 4-days culture experiment. (A). Biomass productivity was enhanced by using hydrolysates compared with yeast extract (control). (B). Lipid content in biomass was also enhaced, specially for the DHA-producing microalga S.limacinum.

Figure 1. Biomass productivity and lipid content in a 4-days culture experiment. (A). Biomass productivity was enhanced by using hydrolysates compared with yeast extract (control). (B). Lipid content in biomass was also enhaced, specially for the DHA-producing microalga S.limacinum.

Chlorella protothecoides

C. Protothecoides Rapeseed

FATTY ACIDS % %

Mirystic (C14:0) 0,87 tr.

Pentadecanoic (C15:0) 0,19 -

Palmitic (C16:0) 13,18 5

Palmitoleic (C16:1) 0,28 0,3

C16:2 ?? 0,03 -

Margaroleic (C17:1) 0,18 -

Stearic (C18:0) 3,00 2,2

Oleic (C18:1)n-9 63,09 57

Linoleic (C18:2)n6 13,90 20,5

Linolenic (C18:3)n3 1,90 9

Arachidic (C20:0) 0,31

4,4 GadoleicC-20-1 0,09

c-22-5 n-6 0,56

c-22-6 n3 2,42

100,00

ADEQUATE PROFILE FOR BIODIESEL

SELECTION OF SUITABLE STRAINS (Chlorella protothecoides) ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURES CONDITIONS THAT ALLOW

GOOD PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS (Fames>50% of Dry Weight)). SCALE UP

HIGH EXTRACTION YIELDS (85-95%) FROM FRESH BIOMASS CIRCULAR ECONOMY: REUSE OF AGROFOOD WASTES

(SUSTAINABILITY) AND RESIDUAL BIOMASS (“CRADEL TO CRADEL”, PREMISE OF “ZERO RESIDUES”)

ADDED VALUE PRODUCTS

POSSIBLE INDUSTRIALIZATION PROCESSES?? LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Ashes FAMEs

Polar Lipids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Polar Lipids

FAMEs Ashes

Biomass 200 Kg DW 9,5% Protein; 1,5% N

3 Kg N 1,5 Kg N

EXTRACTION 40,5% Oil

81 Kg

Residue 120 kg DW 15,73% Protein; 2,51% N---- 3 Kg N

60 % hydrolysis

HYDROLYSIS Remaing

solids

Hydrolysate 1,8 Kg N

(+ Glc soluble)

Chlorella protothecoides

Nitrogen Limitation

Nitrogen Available

The project has been 65% cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020). POCTEFA

aims to reinforce the economic and social integration of the French–Spanish–Andorran border. Its support is focused on developing economic, social and environmental cross-border activities

through joint strategies favouring sustainable territorial development.

Número de diapositiva 1Número de diapositiva 2Número de diapositiva 3Número de diapositiva 4Número de diapositiva 5Número de diapositiva 6Número de diapositiva 7Número de diapositiva 8Número de diapositiva 9Número de diapositiva 10Número de diapositiva 11Número de diapositiva 12Número de diapositiva 13Número de diapositiva 14Número de diapositiva 15Número de diapositiva 16Número de diapositiva 17Número de diapositiva 18Número de diapositiva 19Número de diapositiva 20Número de diapositiva 21Número de diapositiva 22Número de diapositiva 23Número de diapositiva 24Número de diapositiva 25Número de diapositiva 26Número de diapositiva 27

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Presentación de PowerPoint - Conama 2016/19… · the project aim is the readapting of conventional microalgae cultures to obtain microorganisms with higher productive potential