Present simple tense

Explanations  

1-Action that is repeated every time.

Habitual action

Examples Present Simple   

I visit my uncle every Friday

.  

2-Facts that are believed to be true. Generalizations

A-Cats hate mice. B-The sun rises in the east. C--The sky is blue.

D-Fish lives in the sea

.

3-Scheduled events in the near future

The plane takes off at 10 o'clock tonight

Present simple tense

Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is):

1. you the new student?

2. Yes, I .

3. Leila and Nancy students.

4. Nancy Australian .

5. My sister and I students.

6. The girls tired.

7. These women beautiful.

8. The tea delicious.

9. Nadia and Leila friends.

10. The newspaper cheap.

(Is- are- am)Put into negative S he is a teacher Negative: She is not a teacher They are students Negative: They are not students I am a nurse. I an not a nurse

put into negative ( action Verbs)

She plays tennis Negative: She does not play tennis They run in the garden Negative: They do not run in the

garden

Make question in the present simple tense

statement 1-He is a teacher.

2- They are teachers.

question Is he a teacher? Yes, he is . Or No, he is not.

Are they teachers? Yes, they are Or no they are not

Present simple/ action verbs questions

statement 1- They work hard.

2-A cat runs after a rat.

3 He/ She learns English

question Do they work hard?

2-Does a cat runs after a rat?

Yes, it does 3- Does he/she learn English? Yes, it does. or no, it

does not

Present simple tense habits and routines 1- I always drink milk in the morning. 2- Muslims fast in Ramadan. 3- Palestinians collect olives in

September 4-We go to the beach in summer. She/ He loves children. A cat licks milk

Present simple tense refers to Future The simple present is used to make statements

about events at a time later than now, when the statements are based on present facts, and when these facts are something fixed like a time-table, schedule, calendar.

EXAMPLES• The plane arrives at 18.00 tomorrow.• She has a yoga class tomorrow morning.• The restaurant opens at 19.30 tonight.• Next Thursday at 14.00 there is an English exam.• The plane leaves in ten minutes.

Present Continuous FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS . When someone uses the present

continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED:• to describe an action that is going on at this

moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar.

• !

Use of the present Continuous

• to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared:

•  We're going on holiday tomorrow. • I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.•  Are they visiting you next winter?

•to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing  guitar tonight. •The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.

.1 .Let's go out. It  (not/rain)……………………. now.

2. Julia is very good at languages. She  (speak)…………. four languages 

3. Hurry up! Everybody  (wait)……………… for you.

4.  …………(you/listen)………. to the radio now? 

No, you can turn it off.

.  ………….(you/listen) to the radio every day? No, just occasionally.

Put the verbs in the following sentences in the present simple or the present contiguous

6 .The River Nile  (flow)…………… into the Mediterranean. 

7. Look at the river. It  (flow)…………….. very fast today - much faster 

than usual.

8. We usually  (grow) ……………vegetables in our garden but this year we

 (not/grow) any.

9. How is your English?

Not bad. It  (improve) ……………slowly.

10. Ron is in London at the moment. He  (stay)………………. at the Park

English Action and State verbs

1.In English language there are verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense, because they describe rather state than an action. They are called state verb (stative verbs, non-progressive verbs).

The verbs that can be used in the Continuous Tense are called action verbs (dynamic verbs).

Some verbs can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning.

 

Here are some verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tens

 

  like dislike love hate

  prefer remember forget believe

  mean seem understand want

  need know belong own

 

e. 

•Here are some a few verbs that can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning.

I think you made a mistake.think = believe

I am thinking about my mum now.think = mental process

•I have two cars.have = possess, own

I am having my lunch now.have = eat

 am seeing my friend tomorrow evening.see = meeting with

I see what you mean.See = understand

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple (not in the progressive form).

state: be, cost, fit, mean, suitExample: We were on holiday.

possession: belong, haveExample: Sam had a cat.

senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touchExample: He felt the cold.

feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wishExample: Jane loved pizza.

brain work: believe, know, think, understandExample: I did not understand him.

Exercise: Choose the correct form of the verb depending on whether in this meaning it is an action or a state verb. If both the Present Continuous and the Present Simple tenses are possible, use the Present Continuous tense.

1.   a) Why are you smelling the soup?   b) Why do you smell the soup?

2.   a) She was feeling his arm on her shoulder.   b) She felt his arm on her shoulder.

3.   a) Are you having an English dictionary?   b) Do you have an English dictionary?

4.   a) What are you thinking about?   b) What do you think about?

1. a) I am feeling much better today.   b) I feel much better today.

2.   a) What are you looking at?   b) What do you look at?

3.   a) I am not hearing you.   b) I can't hear you.

4.   a) What are you thinking of me?   b) What do you think of me?

5.   a) I am feeling we should go home now.   b) I feel we should go home now.

SpellingIf a one syllable (with only one vowel sound) verb ends in one consonant (for example p, t, r) that follows one vowel (for example a, o, e), we double the consonant.

swimswimminggetgetting

stopstopping

Some verbs have irregular ing form

lielyingdiedying

travelBr. travellingAm. traveling

Past simple Tense USE : Completed Action in the Past Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an

action started and finished at a specific time in the past.

Examples:• I saw a movie yesterday. • I cleaned the house last night• He bought a new house two years ago• Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Used toWe use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

We also use it for something that was true but  no longer is.

•There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.

•She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.

•I didn't use to like him but now I do.

Here are the interrogative, affirmative and negative forms of used to

Did you use to exercise regularly?

Yes, I used to go jogging nearly everyday.No, I didn't use to exercise on a regular basis.

David Beckham………………..play for Manchester United.

We……………….have a computer, but we do now.

( ……………they.………) to work together? That restaurant……………be a clothes shop.

She …………………like him, but now they're married. Where…………(you)……………school?

Negative النفيand Question• I didn't see a play yesterday.• Last year, I travelled to Japan; I didn't

travel to Korea.

• I didn't see a play yesterday.• Did you have dinner last night?• She washed her car.• He didn't wash his car.

Use Of the Past Continuous Past Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the past was. interrupted usually by a shorter action in the Simple Past .

Examples:I was watching TV when she called.When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.What were you doing when the earthquake started?

You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.

Continuous Parallel actions in the past Parallel Actions When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the

same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions were parallel.

Examples:

1. I was studying while he was making dinner.

2. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.

3. Were you listening while he was talking?

4. I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.

5. What were you doing while you were waiting?

Affirmativeمثبت Negative منفي Interrogativeاستفها

I was playing I was not playing Was I playing?

You were playing You were not playing

Were you playing?

He was playing He wasn't playing Was he playing?

We were playing We weren't playing

Were we playing?

They were playing

They weren't playing

Were they playing?

Exercise : Put the verbs in the following sentences the in past simple or past Continuous tense

  •They ( wait)……… for the bus when the accident happened.

•Caroline (ski) ………when she (break) her leg.

•When we (arrive) he ( have) a bath.

•When the fire (start) I (watch) television.

Past perfect USE 1 Completed Action Before

Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

•I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

•I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.•Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the

city several times.•Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to

Thailand?•She only understood the movie because she had read

the book.•Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.•We were not able to get a hotel room because we had

not booked in advance .•A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in

2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

While she ( cook)………. , She (burn) ……….. her hand.While the children (swim),the father ( watch)…………them

Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verb in brackets. Use contractions where possible. Kevin (go) ………………home by the time I arrived. Ethan suddenly realised that he (leave)…………….. his laptop on the train. Mum was annoyed because I (not clean)………….. my room.

(they / study .…………………) English before they went to theUSA?

We were hungry because (not eat)...…………………………My phone didn't work because (charge)……………………… it.Why didn't you want to watch the film?

(you / see..…………………………………… ) it before?Sally was embarrassed because she (forget)…………………………… her dad's birthday.

Past perfect continuous We use the Past Perfect Continuous to

show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

Examples:

1. They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

2. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

3. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?4. Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing

all day at work.5. James had been teaching at the university for more than

a year before he left for Asia.6. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you

moved to Ankara?7.7. B: I had not been studying Turkish very long

Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs.

speak - catch - eat - understand - begin -

Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (affirmative form.)1.I lost the key that he (give)  to me.2.He told me that he (see)  the film .3.I went outside as I (hear)  a noise.4.When they came home, Liza (cook)  dinner.5.We could not send you a postcard because we (lose)  your address.

1. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense (past perfect simple or continuous.)

2. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them.

3. When I arrived at the theater, my friend (pick, already) up the tickets.

4. He was really angry because he (wait) for more than half an hour when I arrived.

5. When the play started, I (already, apologize) to my friend.

6. We (watch) the play when the lights went of

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).1.We (sleep) …………….. for 12 hours when he woke us up.2.They (wait)………………  at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.3.We (look for) …………… her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.4.I (not / walk)………………….  for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.5.How long (learn / she) ……………………….. English before she went to London?6.Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing)……………………….  in the rain too long.7.He (drive)………………………..  less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.8.They were very tired in the evening because they (help)……………  on the farm all day.9.I (not / work)……………..  all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.10.They (cycle)  all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

The Present Perfect is used to express actions that happened at an indefinite time

or that began in the past and continue in the present .

This tense is also used when an activity has an effect on the present moment.

The Present Perfect

Use of Present Perfect•1-puts emphasis on the result•Example: She has written five letters.( complete now)•2-action that is still going on •Example: School has not started yet.•3-action that stopped recently•Example: She has cooked dinner. (dinner is ready now)•4-finished action that has an influence on the present•Example: I have lost my key. She is crying because she has burnt her hand.•5-action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking ( life experience)•Example: I have never been to Australia.

Present Perfect or Simple Past

This section will help you to understand the differences between the Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense.

Has the time period finished?

Rule Example ExplanationThe present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished. I have seen three movies this week.(This week has not finished yet.)The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished. I saw three movies last week. (Last week has finished.)Is it new information or old?

RuleExampleExplanationThe present perfect is often used when giving recent news. Marten has crashed his car again (This information is new)

Past simple is used to express old information Mark crashed his car last year ( this information is old)

Is it a specific time?

The present perfect is used when the time is not specific

I have seen that movie already.(We don't know when.)

The simple past is used when the time is clear.

I saw that movie on Thursday.

(We know exactly when.)

Rule Example Explanation

The present perfect is used with for and since when the actions have not finished yet.

I have lived in Victoria for five years.

(I still live in Victoria.)

Since /for present perfect

The simple past is used with for when the actions have already finished.

I lived in Victoria for five years.

(I don't live in Victoria now.)

1.Joji ________ in Tokyo for five years, but he left in 1993.1.  lived

2.  have lived2.The Titanic ________ in 1912.

1.  sank2.  has sunk

3.Chika ________ from university last July.1.  graduated

2.  has graduated4.Gerry ________ off his bike three times this month.

1.  fell2.  has fallen

5.Somebody ________ my bicycle! Now I'll have to walk home.1.  stole

2.  has stolen

6.Ouch! ________ my finger!1.   I cut2.   I've cut3. I ________ to work every day for the last six weeks!

1.   walked2.   have walked

8.I ________ my key yesterday, so I couldn't get into the house. Eventually,9. I found it in my jacket pocket.

1.   lost2.   have lost

9.When Young Hee was a child, she ________ in Seoul.1.   lived2.   has lived

10.I ________ the movie Titanic three times. I'm going to see it again tonight.

1.   saw2.   have seen