PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous• To emphasize that the To emphasize that the

action is action is incomplete.incomplete.She She has been writinghas been writing a a letter for two hours.letter for two hours.She She has writtenhas written a letter. a letter.

2.2. To emphasize To emphasize activityactivity rather than completed rather than completed action when talking about action when talking about present result.present result.

• I`I`ve been ve been paintpaintinging the the ceiling. ceiling. (I`m tired.)(I`m tired.)

• II`ve `ve paintpainteded the ceiling. the ceiling.(It`s finished.)(It`s finished.)

3.3. To suggest a To suggest a temporary temporary situation when talking situation when talking about unfinished past.about unfinished past.

• II`ve been `ve been livlivinging year for year for ten years.ten years.

• I `I `ve ve livelivedd here for ten here for ten years.years.

1.1. Suggests Columbus is still alive. Suggests Columbus is still alive. Past SimplePast Simple: : Columbus Columbus discovereddiscovered America. America.

2.2. Needs a time reference: Man first walked on the Needs a time reference: Man first walked on the moon moon in 1969in 1969..

3.3. Sounds as if the speaker is dead. Sounds as if the speaker is dead. Present Present PerfectPerfect: : I`I`veve travelled/been travellingtravelled/been travelling all my life. all my life. I`I`veve beenbeen everywhere. everywhere.

4.4. Seems as if this is a completed action but Seems as if this is a completed action but learning a language is not a process we learning a language is not a process we complete. complete. Present Perfect Present Perfect ContinuousContinuous:I`:I`veve been been learninglearning English. English.

5.5. Suggests that this has been happening Suggests that this has been happening frequently, as if I`ve been losing my passport frequently, as if I`ve been losing my passport and finding it again many times recently. and finding it again many times recently. Present Perfect SimplePresent Perfect Simple: : I`ve lostI`ve lost my passport. my passport.

1.1. What What do you dodo you do in New York? in New York? permanentlypermanently

What What are you doingare you doing in New York in New York. . temporarilytemporarily

2.2. I I knowknow you don`t like my boyfriend you don`t like my boyfriend. . know/like know/like are state verbs that cannot be used in are state verbs that cannot be used in continuous form.continuous form.

3.3. I I hadhad a cup of tea at 8.00. a cup of tea at 8.00. aa completed past completed past actionaction

I I was havingwas having a cup of tea at 8.00. a cup of tea at 8.00. an action in an action in progress at that moment in timeprogress at that moment in time

4.4. SomeoneSomeone`s eaten`s eaten my sandwich my sandwich. a . a complete complete action, the sandwich is gone.action, the sandwich is gone.

SomeoneSomeone`s been eating`s been eating my sandwich my sandwich. . an an incomplete action, the speaker is looking at a incomplete action, the speaker is looking at a sandwich with a couple of big bites taken out of sandwich with a couple of big bites taken out of it.it.

ANSWERSANSWERS

• He`s been stung all over his body.He`s been stung all over his body.

• He`s visited royal palaces.He`s visited royal palaces.

• He`s been staying in cheap hostels.He`s been staying in cheap hostels.

• I`ve been pickpocketed and mugged.I`ve been pickpocketed and mugged.

• I`ve met a lot of really great people.I`ve met a lot of really great people.

• He`s been to Vietnam and Japan.He`s been to Vietnam and Japan.

1.1. I`ve readI`ve read that book. It`s good. that book. It`s good.

the reading of the book is finishedthe reading of the book is finished

I`ve been readingI`ve been reading a great book. I`ll lend it to you a great book. I`ll lend it to you when I`ve finished.when I`ve finished. the reading of the book is not the reading of the book is not finished.finished.

I`ve been readingI`ve been reading a lot about Orwell recently a lot about Orwell recently. . I`ve I`ve just finishedjust finished his biography his biography.. emphasizes repeated emphasizes repeated activities over a period of time.activities over a period of time.

2.2. She`s been writingShe`s been writing since she was 16. since she was 16. the continuous the continuous emphasizes repeated activities over a period of time.emphasizes repeated activities over a period of time.

She`s writtenShe`s written three novels. three novels. Emphasizes the Emphasizes the completed actions.completed actions.

3.3. He`s playedHe`s played tennis since he was a kid tennis since he was a kid..

He`s been playingHe`s been playing tennis since he was a kid tennis since he was a kid..

no difference really. no difference really.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

PAST SIMPLEPAST SIMPLE

• When and where When and where waswas he born?he born?

• How long How long diddid it it taketake to to travel to China?travel to China?

• How long How long diddid he he staystay in China?in China?

• What What diddid he he taketake back back to Venice?to Venice?

• What What waswas his book his book calledcalled??

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT6.6. How long How long hashas he he beenbeen

away from home?away from home?7.7. Which places Which places hashas he he

been to?been to?8.8. Where`Where`ss he he beenbeen

stayingstaying??9.9. How many times How many times hashas

he he hadhad diarrhoea? diarrhoea?10.10. HasHas he he beenbeen

pickpocketed?pickpocketed?

PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECThave/has + IIIpv/edhave/has + IIIpv/edhave/has +IIIpv/edhave/has +IIIpv/ed

2.2. `s been snowing`s been snowing3.3. have...travelledhave...travelled4.4. have lived; have been trying; haven`t have lived; have been trying; haven`t

managedmanaged5.5. have been arguinghave been arguing6.6. `ve eaten`ve eaten7.7. have been runninghave been running8.8. has been crying; has failedhas been crying; has failed9.9. `ve been sunbathing`ve been sunbathing

TENSESTENSES

2.2. `s (been) taking`s (been) taking

3.3. arrivedarrived

4.4. didn`t enjoydidn`t enjoy

5.5. `re...staying`re...staying

6.6. `re going`re going

7.7. `s chosen`s chosen

8.8. `s called`s called

9.9. will bewill be

6.6. `ve done`ve done

7.7. will makewill make

8.8. won`t bewon`t be

9.9. `m looking`m looking

10.10.soundssounds

11.11.`ve been training`ve been training

12.12.`ve prepared`ve prepared

13.13.getget

14.14.`ll become`ll become

1.1. In In Fukushima, JapanFukushima, Japan..2.2. Which Which school did she goschool did she go to? to?3.3. How long How long has she beenhas she been climbing? Since she climbing? Since she was 10 was 10

years old.years old.4.4. What What did she studydid she study at university? at university? English and English and

American literature.American literature.5.5. How long How long has she beenhas she been married? married? For 38 yearsFor 38 years..6.6. What What did she do whendid she do when she was 30? she was 30?

She started the first women`s climbing club in She started the first women`s climbing club in Japan.Japan.

7.7. When When did she climbdid she climb Mount Everest? Mount Everest? When she wasWhen she was 36.36.

8.8. Who Who gave/awarded hergave/awarded her a medal? The a medal? The King of NepalKing of Nepal..9.9. How many How many mountains has shemountains has she climbed? climbed? 11311310.10.Has Has she had anshe had an exciting life? exciting life? Yes she hasYes she has..

HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-eded1.1. The mail The mail hashas already already been deliveredbeen delivered..

2.2. HaveHave the street lights the street lights been repairedbeen repaired yet?yet?

3.3. Some new anti-smoking laws Some new anti-smoking laws havehave just just been passedbeen passed..

4.4. No new homes No new homes have been builthave been built for for twenty years.twenty years.

5.5. The plants The plants haven`t been wateredhaven`t been watered..

HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ IIIpv/-eded2.2. A yachtsman A yachtsman has been rescuedhas been rescued dramatically in dramatically in

the Pacific Ocean.the Pacific Ocean.3.3. Valuable jewels Valuable jewels have been stolenhave been stolen from from

Sotheby`s.Sotheby`s.4.4. A missing boy A missing boy has been foundhas been found alive. alive.5.5. Euro MP`s Euro MP`s have been givenhave been given a huge pay rise. a huge pay rise.6.6. Two hundred and sixty people Two hundred and sixty people have been killedhave been killed

in the monsoon in India.in the monsoon in India.7.7. An ancient tomb An ancient tomb has been discoveredhas been discovered in Egypt. in Egypt.8.8. Two thousand people Two thousand people have been madehave been made

redundant in a shock announcement by Ferrari. redundant in a shock announcement by Ferrari.

(HAVE) something (HAVE) something DONE(IIIpv/ed)DONE(IIIpv/ed)midagi teha laskma kellelgimidagi teha laskma kellelgi1.1. 2. 2. havehave her ears her ears piercedpierced

3. 3. havehave my eyes my eyes testedtested4. 4. havehave had their car had their car servicedserviced5. 5. hadhad our television our television repairedrepaired yet yet

2.2. RecentlyRecently......HeHe`s had`s had the invitations the invitations printed.printed.They`They`veve hadhad the cake the cake decorateddecorated

Yesterday...Yesterday...They They hadhad the champagne the champagne delivered.delivered.He He hadhad his hair his hair cutcut..

TodayToday....SheShe`s`s havinghaving her hair her hair done.done.They`They`rere havinghaving the flowers the flowers delivereddelivered..

Next week...Next week...They`They`ll have hadll have had the photos the photos developed.developed.She`She`llll have hadhave had her wedding dress her wedding dress dry-cleaneddry-cleaned..

PHARASAL VERBSPHARASAL VERBS

1.1. made the big time - made the big time -

2.2. have done without youhave done without you

3.3. made off with it – you steal it and take it made off with it – you steal it and take it away with youaway with you

4.4. make up formake up for

5.5. could do withcould do with

6.6. make of hermake of her

7.7. make ... in timemake ... in time