PAST PRESENT

FUTURE

Past Perfect Simple

(+) S + had + Participle (-) S + hadn’t + Participle (?) Had + S + Participle? Uses: A completed action before

another activity in the past. When I arrived (2) the plane had left (1) To form the 3rd Conditional If you had studied, you would have passed the exam Common words: already, just, , before, as soon as, until, by the time that, yet, never, after.

Past Perfect Continuous* (+) S + had + been + V-ing (-) S + hadn’t + been + V-ing (?) Had + S + been + V-ing? Uses An action in progress before

another activity in the past. At last the train came, I had been waiting for two hours. We focus on the duration of the

activity not the result. I had been running for an hour. Common words: How long, since, for.

Past Continuous* (+) S + was/were + V-ing (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing (?) was/were + S + V-ing? Uses: Past actions in progress. When I went out, it was raining Interrupted actions in progress I was having a shower when the phone rang Actions in progress at the same

time in the past. While I was watching TV my brother was reading a book. Common words: when, while

Past Simple (+) S + Verb Past (-) S + didn’t + Infinitive (?) Did + S + Infinitive? Uses: Finished actions in the past. Last week, I didn’t go to the cinema with my sister. To talk about something that

happened regularly in the past When I was a teenager I went to English classes twice a week. A series of actions in the past. He entered a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at everyone. To form the 2nd Conditional If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that car Common words: Yesterday, the other day, last…, ago, in (year), when…

Present Perfect Simple (+) S + have / has + Participle (-) S + haven’t / hasn’t + Part. (?) Have / Has + S + Participle? Uses: Experiences in life I’ve never been to Germany. Actions in the past which have a

result in the present Someone has stolen my bike. Actions that began in the past

and continue in the present. She has lived in this house since she was born. Actions that happened at an

unknown time. I have already had breakfast Common words: for, since, still, already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, lately, recently

Present Simple

(+) S + Infinitive *(-s) (-) S + don’t / doesn’t + Infinitive (?) Do / Does + S + Infinitive? Uses: Habits and Routines Jane always studies in the library To talk about true facts Water boils at 100¨C Permanent situations They don’t live in London any more. With State Verbs* I don’t understand the text To form the 0 and 1st Conditionals If she doesn’t come, we won’t go out. Timetables (SEE FUTURE) Common words: FREQUENCY ADVERBS: always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, never TIME EXPRESSIONS: nowadays, every day, once a week, from time to time, in summer, on Mondays, etc

Present Continuous* (+) S + am / is / are + V-ing (-) S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing (?) am / is / are + S + V-ing? Uses: Actions happening at the moment. John is eating now Temporary actions. They are living in Madrid this year Plans (SEE FUTURE) Common words: At the moment, now, at present, these days, currently, today

Present Perfect Cont* (+) S + have / has + been + V-ing (-) S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing (?) Have / Has + S + been + V-ing? Uses: Similar as the Present Perfect

Simple but it focuses on the duration

She has been painting for 4 hours. Common words: for, since, how long.

* STATE VERBS They aren’t normally used in continuous. So, we have to use them in the simple form. Belong, believe, think, want, understand, remember, like, love, know, feel…

Future “BE GOING TO” (+) S + be going to + Infinitive (-) S + be (not) going to + Infinitive (?) Be + S + going to + Infinitive? Uses Plans and intentions. I’m going to buy a house next summer Evidences Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.

Future Continuous* (+) S + will be + V-ing (-) S + won’t be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + V-ing? Uses An action that will be in progress

in the future

Tomorrow at 7.00, we’ll be flying to Paris

Future Perfect (+) S + will have + Participle (-) S + won’t have + Participle (?) Will + S + have + Participle? Uses An action that will be finished in

the past By the end of this month I will have finished the project

Future “WILL” (+) S + will + Infinitive (-) S + won’t + Infinitive (?) Will + S + Infinitive? Uses Instant decisions I will open the door. Offers and promises I won’t tell anyone. Predictions which are not sure I think I won’t pass the exam.

. Present Continuous* See (PRESENT) Uses Plans and arrangements. What are you doing next week? Common words: This afternoon, tonight, tomorrow, next weekend…

Present Simple See (PRESENT) Uses Timetables and schedules. The train leaves at 4 this afternoon