PresencePresence

"Where shall I look for enlightenment?""Where shall I look for enlightenment?""Here.""Here."

"When will it happen?""When will it happen?""It is happening right now.""It is happening right now."

"Then why don't I experience it?""Then why don't I experience it?""Because you do not look.""Because you do not look."

"At what?""At what?""Anything your eyes alight upon.""Anything your eyes alight upon."

"Must I look in a special kind of way?""Must I look in a special kind of way?""No. The ordinary way will do.""No. The ordinary way will do."

"But don't I always look the ordinary way?""But don't I always look the ordinary way?""No.""No."

"Why ever not?""Why ever not?""Because to look you must be here."Because to look you must be here.

You're mostly somewhere else.“You're mostly somewhere else.“

Business as a Vocation

Seeking Integrity in a Fragmented World

Theo 422/Cath 306Spring 2014

Divided LifeDivided Life

The split between the faith which many profess The split between the faith which many profess and their daily lives deserves to be counted and their daily lives deserves to be counted among the more serious errors of our ageamong the more serious errors of our age . . . . . . . . [L]et there be no false opposition between [L]et there be no false opposition between professional and social activities on the one professional and social activities on the one hand, and religious life on the other hand, and religious life on the other ((Gaudium et Gaudium et spesspes, 43)., 43).

Big QuestionsBig Questions

What am I Working for?What am I Working for?What am I Resting in?What am I Resting in?What am I Living for?What am I Living for?

WORK LEISURE INTEGRATION

WorkWork as as JobJob

Economic Return (extrinsic motivation) “If work is so great how come they pay us to

do it” (Mike Royko).

LeisureLeisure as as AmusementAmusement

Entertaining CultureEntertaining Culture ““They know its been me they have been coming to see They know its been me they have been coming to see

to forget about life for awhile” (Billy Joel).to forget about life for awhile” (Billy Joel). ““Instead of being the moment when we rediscover Instead of being the moment when we rediscover

ourselves, thinking about who we ought to be, leisure ourselves, thinking about who we ought to be, leisure is “the moment when amusements succeed to the is “the moment when amusements succeed to the maximum in making [us] . . . forget” (Jacques Ellul).maximum in making [us] . . . forget” (Jacques Ellul).

Weekend Getaway “Your body checks in and your mind checks out.”

IntegrationIntegrationGratificationsGratifications

Consumerism: Consumerism: Having over BeingHaving over Being Choice is the highest value, not the Choice is the highest value, not the

content of the choice.content of the choice.

WORK LEISURE INTEGRATION

JobJob AmusementAmusement GratificationGratification

WorkWork as as CareerCareer

Psychological Rewards Psychological Rewards (intrinsic motivations): (intrinsic motivations): self esteem, creative, autonomous and personally self esteem, creative, autonomous and personally satisfying.satisfying.

CarCareer: the auto-mobile, the self-driven vehicle.eer: the auto-mobile, the self-driven vehicle.

LeisureLeisure asas FunctionFunction

EducationEducation is justified based on its is justified based on its instrumentalinstrumental value to career. value to career.

RestRest is justified “to sharpen the saw” in order is justified “to sharpen the saw” in order to be more productive.to be more productive.

IntegrationIntegrationAchievementsAchievements

CareerismCareerism: Doing over Being : Doing over Being Two CasesTwo Cases

LBJLBJby Doris Kearns Goodwinby Doris Kearns Goodwin

And yet the man I saw in his retirement And yet the man I saw in his retirement had spent so many years in pursuit of had spent so many years in pursuit of work, power and individual success that work, power and individual success that he had absolutely no psychic or he had absolutely no psychic or emotional resources left to commit emotional resources left to commit himself to anything once the presidency himself to anything once the presidency was taken from him.was taken from him.

Years of concentration solely on Years of concentration solely on work meant that in his retirement he work meant that in his retirement he could find no solace in recreation, sports, could find no solace in recreation, sports, or hobbies…or hobbies…

Who are we Becoming?Who are we Becoming?The Subjective Dimension of WorkThe Subjective Dimension of Work

Watch your thoughtsWatch your thoughts

they become words.they become words.

Watch your wordsWatch your words

they become actions.they become actions.

Watch your actionsWatch your actions

they become habits.they become habits.

Watch your habitsWatch your habits

they become character.they become character.

Watch your characterWatch your character

It becomes your destiny.It becomes your destiny.

WORK LEISURE INTEGRATION

CareerCareer FunctionFunction AchievementsAchievements

JobJob AmusementAmusement GratificationGratification

WorkWork as as VocationVocation

VocareVocare: “to call”—a calling to give: “to call”—a calling to give To be Human—the Universal Call to Love, to To be Human—the Universal Call to Love, to

Holiness, to Wholeness: Holiness, to Wholeness: A person “cannot fully find himself except through a sincere A person “cannot fully find himself except through a sincere

gift gift of himself” (of himself” (Gaudium et spesGaudium et spes). ). To a State of Life:To a State of Life: to give ourselves in lay life to give ourselves in lay life

(single, married), religious life, priestly life. (single, married), religious life, priestly life. To a ParticularTo a Particular Way Way of Working:of Working: Work “constitutes Work “constitutes

one of the fundamental dimensions of [our] earthly one of the fundamental dimensions of [our] earthly existence and of [our] vocation” precisely because our existence and of [our] vocation” precisely because our work allows us to exercise our gifts in serving others work allows us to exercise our gifts in serving others ((Laborem exercensLaborem exercens).).

Work as GivingWork as GivingThe Logic of Gift and Catholic Social Principles The Logic of Gift and Catholic Social Principles

A Lesson from Native AmericansA Lesson from Native Americans Our giftedness should move us to a new set of Our giftedness should move us to a new set of

principles:principles: Leadership: Leadership: From “utility maximizers” to From “utility maximizers” to Distributors Distributors

of Justiceof Justice Employees: Employees: From “human capital” to From “human capital” to Human DignityHuman Dignity Wealth: Wealth: From “private things” to From “private things” to Common GoodsCommon Goods

LeisureLeisure as as ContemplationContemplation

An Act of “Receivement”An Act of “Receivement”:: fostering a fostering a “contemplative outlook” to “contemplative outlook” to receive receive the world. the world.

Three habits of leisure/resting/receiving: Three habits of leisure/resting/receiving: Habit of Solitude: Daily SilenceHabit of Solitude: Daily Silence Habit of Celebration: Weekly Sabbath/LiturgyHabit of Celebration: Weekly Sabbath/Liturgy Habit of Service: Going to the MarginsHabit of Service: Going to the Margins

The fruit of The fruit of SILENCE SILENCE is Prayeris Prayer The fruit of The fruit of PRAYERPRAYER is Faith is Faith The fruit of The fruit of FAITH FAITH is Loveis Love The fruit of The fruit of LOVE LOVE is Serviceis Service The fruit of The fruit of SERVICESERVICE is Peace is Peace

IntegrationIntegrationIntegrityIntegrity

Integritas: (two meanings) Integer, to be whole, integration To be untouched, unblemished

Leader with Integrity: Contemplative Practitioner ResolveResolve (giving) Humility (receiving) Humility (receiving)

VocationVocation(giving)(giving)

ContemplationContemplation(receiving )(receiving )

IntegrityIntegrity(Being)(Being)

CareerCareer(taking)(taking)

UtilityUtility(using)(using)

AchievementAchievement(Doing)(Doing)

JobJob(getting)(getting)

AmusementAmusement(escaping)(escaping)

GratificationGratification(Having)(Having)

WORK LEISURE INTEGRATION

`̀ God created me to do Him God created me to do Him

some definite service; He some definite service; He has committed some work has committed some work to me which He has not to me which He has not committed to another. I committed to another. I have my mission—I never have my mission—I never may know it fully in this may know it fully in this life, but I shall be told it in life, but I shall be told it in the next. Somehow, I am the next. Somehow, I am necessary to His necessary to His purposes…I am a link in a purposes…I am a link in a chain, a bond of connection chain, a bond of connection between persons. He has between persons. He has not created me for naught.not created me for naught.

(John Henry Newman)(John Henry Newman)

Worship

Leisure

Criss-Crossing the MatrixCriss-Crossing the Matrix

MacIntyre explains that people “in the West, tend to live betwixt and between, accepting usually unquestioningly the assumptions of the dominant liberal individualist forms of public life, but drawing in different areas of their lives upon a variety of tradition-generated resources of thought and action, transmitted from a variety of familial, religious, educational, and other social and cultural sources. This type of self which has too many half-convictions and too few settled coherent convictions, too many partly formulated alternatives and too few opportunities to evaluate them systematically, brings to its encounters with the claims of rival traditions a fundamental incoherence which is too disturbing to be admitted to self-conscious awareness except on the rarest of occasions” (Whose Justice 397-8).

John Henry Newman John Henry Newman on the Divided Life on the Divided Life

We know what it is to have a stake in any venture of this world. We venture our property in plans which We know what it is to have a stake in any venture of this world. We venture our property in plans which promise a return; in plans which we trust, which we have faith in. What have we ventured for Christ? promise a return; in plans which we trust, which we have faith in. What have we ventured for Christ? What have we given to him on a belief of His promise? The Apostle said, that he and his brethren would What have we given to him on a belief of His promise? The Apostle said, that he and his brethren would be of all men most miserable, if the dead were not raised. Can we in any degree apply this to ourselves? be of all men most miserable, if the dead were not raised. Can we in any degree apply this to ourselves? We think, perhaps, at present, we have some hope of heaven; well, We think, perhaps, at present, we have some hope of heaven; well, thisthis we should lose of course; but after we should lose of course; but after all, how should we be worse off as to our all, how should we be worse off as to our present present condition? A trader, who has embarked some property in condition? A trader, who has embarked some property in a speculation which fails, not only loses his prospect of gain, but somewhat of his own, which he ventured a speculation which fails, not only loses his prospect of gain, but somewhat of his own, which he ventured with the with the hopehope of the gain. This is the question, What have of the gain. This is the question, What have we we ventured? I really fear, when we come to ventured? I really fear, when we come to examine, it will be found that there is nothing we resolve, nothing we do, nothing we give up, nothing we examine, it will be found that there is nothing we resolve, nothing we do, nothing we give up, nothing we pursue, which we should not resolve, and do, and not do, and avoid, and choose, and give up, and pursue, if pursue, which we should not resolve, and do, and not do, and avoid, and choose, and give up, and pursue, if Christ had not died, and heaven were not promised us. I really fear that most men called Christians, Christ had not died, and heaven were not promised us. I really fear that most men called Christians, whatever they may profess, whatever they may think they feel, whatever warmth and illumination and love whatever they may profess, whatever they may think they feel, whatever warmth and illumination and love they may claim as their own, yet would go on almost as they do, neither much better nor much worse, if they may claim as their own, yet would go on almost as they do, neither much better nor much worse, if they believed Christianity to be a fable. When young, they indulge their lusts, or at least pursue the they believed Christianity to be a fable. When young, they indulge their lusts, or at least pursue the world’s vanities; as time goes on, they get into a fair way of business, or other mode of making money; world’s vanities; as time goes on, they get into a fair way of business, or other mode of making money; then they marry and settle; and their interests coinciding with their duty, they seem to be, and think then they marry and settle; and their interests coinciding with their duty, they seem to be, and think themselves, respectable and religious men; they grow attached to things as they are; they begin to have a themselves, respectable and religious men; they grow attached to things as they are; they begin to have a zeal against vice and error; and they follow after peace with all men. Such conduct indeed, as far as it zeal against vice and error; and they follow after peace with all men. Such conduct indeed, as far as it goes, is right and praiseworthy. Only I say, it has not necessarily any thing to do with religion at all; there goes, is right and praiseworthy. Only I say, it has not necessarily any thing to do with religion at all; there is nothing in it which is any proof of the presence of religious principle in those who adopt it; there is is nothing in it which is any proof of the presence of religious principle in those who adopt it; there is nothing to gain from it, except what they gain from it now: they do gain something now. They do gratify nothing to gain from it, except what they gain from it now: they do gain something now. They do gratify their present wishes, they are quiet and orderly, because it is their interest and taste to be so; but they their present wishes, they are quiet and orderly, because it is their interest and taste to be so; but they ventureventure nothing, they risk, they sacrifice, they abandon nothing on the faith of Christ’s word. nothing, they risk, they sacrifice, they abandon nothing on the faith of Christ’s word.

Obstacles to CallingObstacles to Calling

Don’t Settle for Small Things (meanness) when you Don’t Settle for Small Things (meanness) when you should be doing Great Things. should be doing Great Things. -“It’s not that people value money more but that they value -“It’s not that people value money more but that they value

everything else so much less-not that they are more greedy, everything else so much less-not that they are more greedy, but that they have no other values to keep greed in check”but that they have no other values to keep greed in check” (Dee Hock, Visa Bank).(Dee Hock, Visa Bank).

Don’t Judge Yourself by only what you do, but also by Don’t Judge Yourself by only what you do, but also by the meaning you bring to the activitythe meaning you bring to the activity -“God does not demand that I be successful. God demands -“God does not demand that I be successful. God demands

that I be faithful” that I be faithful” (Mother Teresa).(Mother Teresa).

Don’t Forget to Take Time to Stop the Tape: Don’t Forget to Take Time to Stop the Tape: -If we don’t get work right, we won’t get leisure right.-If we don’t get work right, we won’t get leisure right.

Michael NaughtonMichael Naughton

John A. Ryan Institute for Catholic Social Thought John A. Ryan Institute for Catholic Social ThoughtCenter for Catholic StudiesCenter for Catholic Studies

University of St. ThomasUniversity of St. Thomas651-962-5712651-962-5712

mjnaughton@stthomas.edumjnaughton@stthomas.edu