Prepositioned Sea-BasedPrepositioned Sea-BasedDisaster Relief Disaster Relief

Platform ConceptPlatform ConceptDRAFTDRAFT

U.S. Department of TransportationMaritime Administration

November 2005

• Maritime Administration– The mission of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) is to promote

the development and maintenance of an adequate, well-balanced, United States merchant marine:

• sufficient to carry the Nation's domestic waterborne commerce and a substantial portion of its waterborne foreign commerce, and

• capable of serving as a naval and military auxiliary in time of war or national emergency

– MARAD also seeks to ensure that the United States enjoys adequate shipbuilding and repair service, efficient ports, effective intermodal water and land transportation systems, and reserve shipping capacity in time of national emergency

• Ready Reserve Force (RRF)– The red,white, and blue stripes on the gray stack identify vessels as part of

the Maritime Administration’s Ready Reserve Force (RRF). MARAD, with the help of a private sector ship managers, maintains the ships for rapid activation and service in supporting the Department of Defense

About MARAD and the RRFAbout MARAD and the RRF

Disaster Relief ChallengesDisaster Relief Challenges

??Relief and repair vehicles

might be available, but access to affected areas

might not!

Disaster Relief ChallengesDisaster Relief Challenges

Lack of information can result in a mismatch of needed supplies with

actual needs, resulting in both over- and under-supplied areas

U.S. Disaster ResponseU.S. Disaster ResponseFrom The SeaFrom The Sea

Prepo Ships on each coast outfitted with:

• Industrial Ice-making system

• Additional power generation units

• Additional water making capability

• Vehicle for ice, water, food, and supply distribution

• Electrical utility repair vehicles and equipment

• Heavy construction equipment for clearing debris

• Temporary housing materials

• Food and medical supplies

• Communications and Multimedia Equipment

Prepo Ships on each coast outfitted with:

• Industrial Ice-making system

• Additional power generation units

• Additional water making capability

• Vehicle for ice, water, food, and supply distribution

• Electrical utility repair vehicles and equipment

• Heavy construction equipment for clearing debris

• Temporary housing materials

• Food and medical supplies

• Communications and Multimedia Equipment

Advantages to Sealift:

• Can put much larger response on the ground

• Why fly ice when you can make it on the ship?

Recent U.S. disaster relief to Caribbean basin and Central America has relied primarily on U.S. Military Aircraft

Caribbean Disaster ResponseCaribbean Disaster Response

Disadvantages to Aircraft:

• Very expensive to fly ice and plastic sheeting

• Damaged runways

• Uses up finite airframe flying hours

• Overtaxes airlift, particularly if other military operations

are ongoing

About Maritime PrepositioningAbout Maritime Prepositioning

• Equipment, fuel, and supplies stored aboard forward deployed ships in strategic ports or harbors– Began in the 1980s – MARAD RRF assets have participated in long standing Army and

Marine Corp Prepositioning programs

• Good planning equals success: Prepositioned ships first in the Gulf during Operation Enduring Freedom within 24 hours

Potential RRF AssetsPotential RRF Assets

Cape Lambert (ex Federal Lakes)

Cape Lobos (ex Federal Seaway)

Significant Activities:

• Activated to support relief operation in Haiti (1994), only RO/RO capable of unloading at pier

Cape Lambert (ex Federal Lakes)

Cape Lobos (ex Federal Seaway)

Significant Activities:

• Activated to support relief operation in Haiti (1994), only RO/RO capable of unloading at pier

The Cape “L” Class VesselsThe Cape “L” Class Vessels

Features useful for Prepositioned Disaster Relief Mission

• Shallow draft• Dual side ramps and Deck hatch• Low pier loading• Twin screw propulsion, enhances maneuverability• All cargo below the weather deck

• Can carry large mix of vehicles from utility trailers up to Tanks

• Significantly less expensive than U.S. Navy Vessels

• Dedicated U.S. Merchant Marine Crew

Features useful for Prepositioned Disaster Relief Mission

• Shallow draft• Dual side ramps and Deck hatch• Low pier loading• Twin screw propulsion, enhances maneuverability• All cargo below the weather deck

• Can carry large mix of vehicles from utility trailers up to Tanks

• Significantly less expensive than U.S. Navy Vessels

• Dedicated U.S. Merchant Marine Crew

Ship Upgrade CostsShip Upgrade Costs“A La Carte Menu”“A La Carte Menu”

• Mix and Match Items• Choose what is needed

and can afford• Flexibility to add more

options later

• Mix and Match Items• Choose what is needed

and can afford• Flexibility to add more

options later

Item Unit CostReverse Osmosis Purification Unit Per Unit 500,000$ Industrial Ice Maker Per Unit 500,000$ Diesel Generator Per Set 1,000,000$ Additional berthing and messing Per 30 People 500,000$ Media Center Per Unit 500,000$ Helicopter Deck (VERTREP) Per Unit 1,000,000$

Item Unit CostReverse Osmosis Purification Unit Per Unit 500,000$ Industrial Ice Maker Per Unit 500,000$ Diesel Generator Per Set 1,000,000$ Additional berthing and messing Per 30 People 500,000$ Media Center Per Unit 500,000$ Helicopter Deck (VERTREP) Per Unit 1,000,000$

Ship ModificationsShip Modifications

• Reverse Osmosis/Purification Unit (ROPU) to make large amounts of clean water and ice for distribution ashore

• Extra generators for power supply from ship to shore

• Added quarters and galleys for supporting crew and hotel services

• Reverse Osmosis/Purification Unit (ROPU) to make large amounts of clean water and ice for distribution ashore

• Extra generators for power supply from ship to shore

• Added quarters and galleys for supporting crew and hotel services

Based on:

• 3 ROPUS @ 1,300 Tons per Day each

• 3 Industrial Ice Makers @ 40 Tons per Day each

• 2 Generators with 1,200 KW Capacity

Supplies Available on Day OneSupplies Available on Day One

• 1,000,000 Gallons of Fresh Water Per Day

• 30,000 Bags of Ice Per Day• Plastic Sheeting and Tarps• A variety of Vehicles, up to 300• 2,400 Kilowatts of Power

With Preposition Ships established, supplies are ready as needed with no time wasted

establishing contracts or delivery

With Preposition Ships established, supplies are ready as needed with no time wasted

establishing contracts or delivery

Ship PayloadShip Payload

• Bulldozers• Tractor Trailers and Cabs• Tanker trucks• Power Line Repair vehicles• Emergency Response Vehicles

– Police cars– Ambulances

Focal Point for Initial ReliefFocal Point for Initial Relief• Self sustaining ship can function as a Mobile Command

Post, providing:– Communications for co-coordinating relief efforts– Media Center– Medical Support– Berthing for support staff– Accommodation for “Embedded” Reporters– Patrol boats for scouting affected areas and providing first

responder security

Other Capabilities in the RRFOther Capabilities in the RRF

Tank-tainers: Safely store fuel and water on ship’s weather deck

Tank-tainers: Safely store fuel and water on ship’s weather deck

Mobile Repair Facilities: Containerized machine shops

Mobile Repair Facilities: Containerized machine shops

Storage for mobile berthing

Storage for mobile berthing

Deck for Helicopter Operations and VERTREP

Deck for Helicopter Operations and VERTREP

Self-unloading Cargo Cranes

Self-unloading Cargo Cranes

Quick Relief ResponseQuick Relief Response

• Ship can follow into “Ground Zero” within 12 to 24 hours of event Virtually immediate, and highly visible, Federal Response

Readiness OptionsReadiness Options

Option 1: Reduced Operating Status (ROS)– Ship ready for sea at least

four days– Reduced Crew (10

mariners) aboard for preventative maintenance until vessel activated

– Cost are involved to activate and deactivate

Cost per ship:– $10,000 a day in ROS– $500,000 for each

activation– $500,000 for deactivation– $30,000 a day for each day

vessel is activated

Option 2: Full Operating Status (FOS) Crew– Ship always ready for sea– Full Crew compliment (30

mariners) aboard for preventative maintenance, training

– No cost for activation/deactivation

Cost per ship:– $30,000 a day

Cost Comparison (per ship)Cost Comparison (per ship)

$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of Activations

Co

st FOS Cost

ROS Cost

Five activations (with an average of fifteen days of vessel operation) for a vessel in Reduced Operation Status (ROS) is approximately equal to keeping a vessel in Full Operating Status (FOS)

Starting the ProcessStarting the Process

Identification of Requirements Request MARAD for a Proposal and Estimate Find funding and mission sponsor

• Cost of vessels depend on capabilities and readiness requirements

Give the order• Start ship modifications and shipyard periods• Four months estimated to achieve initial operating

capability• Crew vessel for Preposition Mission (ROS versus FOS

options)