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-Prepared by the Environmental Commission

Township of Scotch PlainsUnion County, New Jersey

December 1991

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ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF SCOTCH PLAINS

Joseph A. Spatola, Ph.D., ChairmanB. Lawrence Newcomb

Frank CleminshawJohn Denlinger, Associate Member

Anthony J. ScaciferoAlan Jones

Sharon KnollerJohn McCormick, Ph.D.

Greg WilliamsonCathy Budzinski, Secretary

This Environmental Resources Inventory was prepared and publishedby the Environmental Commission of the Township of Scotch Plains,December 1991 and was made possible by a matching grant from theNew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Geography and Regional Setting

History of Scotch Plains

Land Use

Open Spaces

Geology

Groundwater

Soils

Surface Water and Flooding

Wetlands

References

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Appendix A

Appendix B

Drawing 1Drawing 2Drawing 3Drawing 4Drawing 5Drawing 6

Historic Buildings and Sitesin Scotch Plains

Drawings

Base Map, Township of Scotch PlainsLand UseSoilsFlood HazardsWetlandsSeptic Systems

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-LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page

1 Location Map 6-2 Generalized Surficial Geologic

Map of Union County 16

- 3 Idealized Section Showing ArtesianAnd Water Table Conditions 22

- 4 Soil Horizons 25

5 Green Brook Drainage Basin 33-- LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Page-1 Geology and Hydrology of the

Rock Units in Union County 20- 2 General Soil Types Occurring inUnion County 26

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The Environmental Resource Inventory (ERI) of theTownship of Scotch Plains was made possible through the approvaland support of the entire Township Council and Township Manager,Thomas E. Atkins.

Many of the Commissioners devoted extraordinary amountsof their time in producing this document. Much of the field workin collecting the information for the open spaces inventory camefrom Commissioners John Denlinger, Anthony Scacifero, FrankCleminshaw and Larry Newcomb. The painstaking work ofassembling the data and transposing it onto the Township maps, aswell as organizing the text, was borne primarily by JohnDenlinger and Anthony Scacifero.

To all these hardworking individuals, I wish to extendmy heartfelt thanks. Special thanks also goes to Cathy Budzinskiand Eileen Di Nizo for their excellent typing of the text. Cathywas also particularly helpful in arranging our many ERI meetingsand in coordinating the review and revisions to the document.

Joseph A. SpatolaChairmanEnvironmental CommissionDecember 1991

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SCO'l"Cll PLAIRS ERVIROIIIIKIJ'.rAL RESOURCE IBVERTORY

IJI'TRODUC".rIOR

In 1968, the New Jersey State Legislature created a law

which gave legal status to municipal-level advisory entities

designated as "Environmental Commissions". The enabling law

intended that such commissions make recommendations to Planning

Boards and other governing bodies concerning natural resources

planning. The law stated that:

A commission's activities would be devotedto planning, implementing, and informing thepublic about local conservation programs.It would produce natural resources inventories,plans and projects for development and recommendconservation measures to be included by planningboards in master plans for land use.

Over the years, the focus of our concern has been

expanded to not only the protection of these resources, but in

regulating their use in the broader context of environmental

management. This broader awareness has been reflected in this

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document by designating it an environmental resource inventory.

In accordance with these intentions, the Scotch Plains

Environmental Commission has prepared this Environmental Resource

Inventory to provide Township officials, property owners, and

county and state planning officials with land use and resource

information pertaining to Scotch Plains. This Environmental

Resource Inventory is also intended to educate our students and

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Township residents about environmental issues and natural

resources.

This document describes the following resources:

geology, soils, ground and surface water, wetlands, and

historical and cultural features. The geography and regional

setting of Scotch Plains is described as well as the Township's

land use and open spaces. Locations served by septic systems are

also mapped. A series of overlays has been compiled showing a

specific resource or group of similiar resources which have been

mapped onto a base map of the Township.

These maps have been reduced and are included herein

at the back of this report (see Appendix B). A set of full-scale

overlays is located in the Township office for use by various

Township agencies. The maps were compiled from all available

existing data by Johnson Engineering, Inc., as a consultant to

the Commission. The Township has been given the data base on

diskette form for future refinements and revisions as conditions

change in the Township.

The Scotch Plains Environmental Commission intends that

this environmental resource inventory be utilized by the Township

Planning Board and Zoning Board of Adjustment in the review of

applications so that the Township's remaining natural resources

and environmental concerns are taken into consideration. On the

county and state land use planning levels, the Commission hopes

to ensure that the inventory will provide a resource for them to

utilize in striking a reasoned balance between development and

resource preservation. In these times of open space

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preservation, watershed protection and public interest in

revitalized growth within cities and older suburbs, it is

important that more densely developed municipalities like Scotch

Plains take into account their remaining natural resources when

confronted with the task of making land use planning decisions.

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GEOGRAPHY MID REGIORAL SE'ftIBG

Scotch Plains Township is one of twenty-one

municipalities in Union County, New Jersey which is situated in

the northern portion of central New Jersey (Figure 1). The

Township covers an area of 9.6 square miles and has a population

of approximately 22,000. The Township is residential in

character, having very little industry. Scotch Plains is located

in the southwestern portion of Union County.

The Township is bordered within Union County by the

Borough of Fanwood, the City of Plainfield, the Township of

Clark, the Town of Westfield, the Borough of Mountainside, and

the Township of Berkeley Heights. Other bordering municipalities

are the Borough of Watchung in Somerset County and the Township

of Edison in Middlesex County.

Scotch Plains is approximately 12 miles southwest of

Newark and approximately 25 miles southwest of New York City. It

is easily accessible by Interstate Route 78, U.S. Route 22, the

Raritan Valley and Northeast Corridor railroad lines, and the

Garden State Parkway. These transportation corridors enable

residents of Scotch Plains to reach other areas of New Jersey and

adjoining states with relative ease.

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t(

(J

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/Ploloflol.

FIGURE 1

LOCATION MAP

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HISTORY OF SCO'1'CII PLAIBS

Scotch Plains takes its name from the Scottish settlers

who established farms on the plains of the "West Fields" of

Elizabethtown late in the seventeenth century. The first of

these families--Barclay, Gordon, Forbes and Fullerton arrived at

Perth Amboy in 1684(Rawson,1974). According to early accounts,

these Scotsmen were persons of education and distinction, many of

whom brought a number of servants to their new farms. Sons and

grandsons of the Elizabethtown Associates, who had never

relinquished their claims to the area, also started farms on the

plains. By 1690 the area contained settlers by the names of

Darby, Drake, Miller, Hampton, Blackford, Dennis, Doty, Crosby,

Pearse, Sutton, Randolph, Manning, Cole, Lambert, and Wilcocks.

During its first century, the settlement developed very

slowly as an agricultural community. An inn (Stansbery Inn,

ca.1737) and the Baptist Church becoming the focal points of the

village that grew around the intersection of the trail from

Piscataway (Front Street) and the road "from Rahway to the

mountain" (Park Avenue). Stagecoaches of the Swift Sure Line

stopped at the inn beginning in 1769, after a new route from

Elizabethtown to Philadelphia sent them through Scotch Plains.

By the outbreak of the American Revolution, several other taverns

had been established in the area. One of them, Swan's Tavern,

operated by Amos Swan (Swan House) was probably located on the

Springfield Road (Mountain Avenue). The settlement also

contained several mills along the Green Brook just above the

village. One of these, a grist mill know as Fall Mill, was owned

by a Mr. Wilcocks, who did a large business with neighboring

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...farmers.

When the American Revolution started, the village

consisted of eleven houses, including the inn, the Osborn House,

and the Old Hamilton House. Other farmsteads stood just a short

distance from the town center. These included the Captain Baker

House, the Coles House, the Stout House, the Jesse Clark Baker

House, and the Tempe House. There was also a small settlement in

the southern portion of Scotch Plains. Sea Captain Brown's

House, the Half-way Well House, the Littell Homestead, and the

DeCamp Farm had all been built on Raritan Road. Most of the

houses were of simple frame construction, but the Levi Frazee...House, remodeled in the first half of the nineteenth century, is

an excellent example of the Georgian style executed in brick.

Although no major battles of the American Revolution

were fought in Scotch Plains, the area was frequently traversed

by the armies of both sides, and stories of wartime incidents are

an important part of Scotch Plains' tales. One account of the

period relates that Terry's Well, at Cooper Road and Rahway Road,

was drunk dry by the British. Another popular tale is that in

1777, when the British approached the Ash Swamp section on a

sortie to survey American defenses, the Aunt Betsy Frazee House

was visited by Lord Cornwallis and General Howe, who asked if

they might have a loaf of her bread. Supposedly, when Aunt Betsy

told them that the bread was offered in fear rather than in love,

the generals refused to accept it and rode off. Other homeowners

were not so fortunate, however, for records of the period

indicated that following the hostilities many farmer made claims

for provisions lost to the British ....8

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post-war Scotch Plains continued to develop at a slow

pace. Until 1794 it remained part of Elizabethtown; however, in

that year Westfield Township, which included present-day Scotch

Plains, was created. After that there was steady growth, so that

by 1834 the village consisted of the Baptist Church, an academy,

a tavern, two stores, seventy dwellings, three grist mills, two

sawmills, one oil mill, and a straw paper mill on Green Brook.

Development was given an additional boost when Seeley's Paper

Mills were established in 1853. The manufacturing concern was

created when Edmond A. Seeley of Troy, New York, bought Fall Mill

and began to produce more than 700 tons of pasteboard per year.

The complex, which consisted of three buildings, employed about

thirty men. Seeley, who became well known in the area as a

philanthropist, built his home on a hill overlooking the mills.

The late nineteenth century saw the establishment of

more religious groups in Scotch Plains. About 1870 the Methodist

erected a church on Mountain Avenue, and 1878 the Episcopal

congregation was formed. Their church edifice, designed in the

Romanesque Revival style, was constructed in 1882. By the end of

the century, a chapel known as the Willow Grove Sabbath School

had been built to serve farmers of the Willow Grove section and,

due to the growth of the Baptist congregation, the present Gothic

structure had been erected near the site of the original church.

In 1877 Fanwood Township was created. Fanwood Borough

was established in 1895 by taking approximately one square mile

from the center of Scotch Plains, thereby resulting in the

Township's present configuration. The name Scotch Plains was

finally adopted in 1917.

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Today, Scotch Plains, the third largest municipality in

Union County, is primarily a residential community. Its most

notable increase in population occurred following World War II,

when the population increased from about 9,000 to approximately

18,000 in just one decade (1950-1960). Typical of a "bedroom

community" of commuters, Scotch Plains has only 1.5% of its area

devoted to industry, which is of the "campus" type. A good

portion of its acreage (18%) is devoted to parks and playgrounds,

including part of the Union County's Watchung Reservation and the

Ashbrook Golf Course. Although there is much more recent

... construction on Park Avenue, the old inn still stands at the

corner of Front Street. Still in use as a restaurant, the inn,

with its adjacent collection of early structures known as Stage

House village,1 and other eighteenth century houses nearby remind

the passerby of the Township's colonial heritage.

Historic buildings and sites located in the Township are

shown on Drawing 2 - Land Use Map. These sites have been

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compiled by the Scotch Plains Historic Preservation Commission

and are included in Appendix A.

IStage House Village, a small shopping complex adjacent to theinn, contains several eighteenth and nineteenth century buildingswhich were moved to the site from other parts of Scotch Plains.The Duncan phyfe Privy, the only Phyfe outhouse in existence, wasmoved to the complex from New Market in 1961 .

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LAIID USE

The majority of the Township of Scotch Plains is

currently zoned for residential use. Commericial and Industrial

zones are established along U.S. Route 22, Park, Mountain and

Westfield Avenues, Terrill Road and East Second Street. These

zones are all located on the Township's north side. Although

Scotch Plains is an older, developed community, there are

relatively large parcels of open space still available within the

Township. One large tract is located north of U.S. Route 22 and

is part of the Watchung Reservation. Another very large tract

can also be found along the Township's southern border and part

of the Ashbrook Reservation. Scattered throughout Scotch Plains

are vacant public and private parcels that are either used for

farming or remain in a natural state. The vacant parcels which

are owned by the Township are either developed as parks adjacent

to public schools or remain undeveloped. The Land Use Map

(Drawing 2) depicts the Township's zoning, land use, and open

spaces.

Scotch Plains contains three golf courses which can be

defined as developed open spaces. Two are public. They are

Scotch Hills Country Club, a nine hole course located on the

Township's north side and along Plainfield Avenue, and Ashbrook

Golf Course, an 18-hole course located on the south side and

adjacent to the Ashbrook Reservation. The private course which

is part of the Shackamaxon Country Club, is also situated on the

south side and is bounded by Martine Avenue, Lamberts Mill and

Raritan Roads.

The Township of Scotch Plains emerged in its present day

form from a small village of Scotsmen back in the early 1700's.

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As the village progressed, utilities were installed and streets

began to emerge. In the "Roaring Twenties" several developments

were begun; one on the north end of town was the largest and was

called "The Reservation" because it was just below the Watchung

Mountain Reservation. This area extended from Westfield Road and

Westfield Avenue to Stansberry Avenue (now Route 22) northwest to

the Scotch Plains, Westfield, Mountainside lines.

Streets with curbing as well as water and gas mains were

subsequently installed. Many houses were built and sold until the

crash of 1929 when the development was abandoned and all

construction stopped. Many foundations dotted the area either

excavated or built and they stayed that way until the economy

improved about 1940 with the beginning of World War II.

Jerseyland, which extends from Plainfield Avenue east to

Fanwood Area and from Morse Avenue, northerly to the Public Works

Yard and Johnson Avenue was created by Bill Happel, owner of

Happel's Farm. He built small homes for his migrant laborers

who were brought up from the south to work on his large farm.

Happel's Farm was a large farm on Westfield Road that

extended easterly to Plainfield Avenue and began behind the

houses on Westfield Avenue and ran southerly to Concord Road.

Bill sold off pieces of his farm for development of Concord and

Old Farms Roads and finally the School Board bought the rest of

it for the High School.

The Scotchwood section, which extends from Kevin Road

west to Sunnyfield Lane and from Cushing Road south to Cooper

Road, was a later development built in the 1960's. Part of the

development was built on an old nine-hole golf course called the

Netherwood Country club. Streets include Aberdeen, Highlander,

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Heather Lane, Argyll Court, Scotchwood Glen, Balmoral Drive and

Clydesdale Road.

with the development of Sevell's "Ponderosa", (formerly

the Loizeaux Farm) and the Albert's Farm, the last of the old

farms in Scotch Plains is gone. Many other developments began in

the early 1940's. At the end of the war, the real building boom

began. Many of the old farms began to go the way of the

developers. Thus comes the names of many of sections of town.

Maplehill Farms was built mostly in the late 1940's to early

_ 1950's in the area just south of the railroad to almost West

Broad Street and from the westfield line west to Maple Farm Road.

Essex Farm, west of Martine Avenue Extension to Essex Road and

from King Street south to Cooper Road, was built in the 1950's.

The Crestwood section of town was named after the name

of the development began in and about 1940 and was completed

right after the war. This section extends from Morse Avenue

south to North Avenue and from Crestwood Road north east to the

Westfield line. It encompasses about twelve streets.

The Parkwood section begun by the late Joe Sweeny on a

portion of Loizeaux's Farm, extended east of Martine Avenue to

Lambertsmill Road and from Graymill Drive east to Dogwood Drive.

Built in the 1960's, part of this development was built on the

old Netherwood Country Club golf course.

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OPER SPACES

One requirement which the State Legislature has imposed

on all Environmental Commissions was to inventory each

municipality's open spaces, both publicly and privately owned.

Open Space, as defined by the Municipal Land Use Law, includes

the following definition:

"Open-space" means any parcel or area of landor water essentially unimproved and set aside,dedicated, designated or reserved for public orprivate use or enjoyment or for the use andenjoyment of owner and occupants of land adjoin­ing or neighboring such open space; provided thatsuch areas may be improved with only thosebuildings, structures, streets and offstreetparking and other improvements that are designedto be incidental to the natural openness of theland. "

The Township of Scotch Plains Environmental Commission

undertook an inventory of open spaces within the Township in

1991. The Township was divided into districts and a survey of

each district was made by Commissioners and other Township

volunteers. Observations were made in the field and recorded on

- individual data sheets for each parcel including: approximate

size of the parcel, vegetative cover, and land use. Once

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complete, this inventory was cross-checked against records from

the Union County and Township Tax Assessor data bases for

Category 1 (vacant) land. The open spaces inventory information

compiled is depicted on Drawing 2-Land Use Map.

Open spaces within the Township include:

undeveloped lotsmunicipal parksschool playgroundsCounty park landnatural greenbeltsgolf courses

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GEOLOGY

Scotch Plains Township is located within the Piedmont

Physiographic provence of the Appalachian Highlands. It lies on

the eastern edge of the northeast-southwest trending Newark

Basin which stretches some 135 miles from near Peekskill, NY on

the north to near Harrisburg, PA on the south. The Newark Basin

is one of a series of elongated crustal blocks that dropped

downward in the initial stages of the opening of the Atlantic

Ocean. These down-dropped blocks formed valleys known as rift

basins. Sediments, eroded from adjacent mountain ranges to the

northwest were deposited within the basin by rivers and streams.

These sediments thickened, became compacted, and cemented to form

a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks consisting of conglomerate,

sandstone, siltstone, and shale.

The major topographic features of the Piedmont in Scotch

Plains are the Watchung Mountains (maximum elevation about 500

feet) trending parallel to the northern boundary of the Township,

and a gently sloping plain ranging in elevation from about 175

feet at the foot of the Watchung Mountains to about 60 feet at

Robinsons Branch, the southern boundary of the Township

(Nemickas, 1974).

The rocks making up the Newark Group are of late

Triassic and early Jurassic age (230 to 190 million year old).

The Brunswick Formation and Watchung Basalt are two formations of

the Newark Group which occur in the vicinity of Scotch Plains

(Figure 2). These two formational names have been in use since

the 1890's; however, Olsen (1980) proposed that the Newark Group

formations be divided into seven new formations based on

variations in lithology. The Brunswick formation was therefore

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40"14'

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I/(~

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40".. '

\\\\\\\ ./ I\ r\ I /

...... )~...... / />'l--1< ~ IIo";;:f"/j Om r~

/-'(\

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Om ../'1\),J-r-/" J

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SELLE "

(XOld40-

PARK ..l- ELIZABETH 4Q--- "- I--- "-\

/ROSELLE r-/ "-

...- ./ "-/ "-

--- Om "- J ___------

"- /"- EXPLANATION

"-"-

~ILINDEN

\Srrallfled Or111·c·D·; Terminal

ii:

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'"'"0 I mil ••I I I

/ Contact

S4'7"- 10'

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FIGURE 2Source: Nemickas, 1976

GENERALIZED SURFICIAL GEOLOGIC MAP OF UNION COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.

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divided into four sedimentary formations with the oldest one

outcropping within the Scotch Plains vicinity and called the

Passaic Formation. The Watchung Basalt which was traditionally

recognized as a single formation comprised of three distinct lava

flows, also has been subdivided. The first Watchung Mountain

which occurs at the northern boundary of the Township, has been

renamed the Orange Mountain Basalt by Olsen. These new

formations names have been accepted by the U.S. Geological

Survey.

The characteristic reddish-brown Passaic Formation,

caused by iron-bearing minerals which were oxidized through

repeated wetting and drying of the sediments, occurred during

deposition. During the course of rifting, the rock layers became

tilted northwestward, gently folded and cut by major faults.

Volcanic activity also occurred during this period. Three

periods of igneous flow and at least one intrusion occurred

during the deposition of the sediments. The three basalt flows,

two of which are located in Union County, comprise the first and

second Watchung Mountains. The intrusive rock is a diabase sill

which forms the Palisades along the Hudson River.

During the Pleistocene Epoch (approximately 1 million

years ago) extensive glaciation occurred in the area which

resulted in the Triassic rocks being covered by thick glacial

drift deposits. The last glacial episode, called the Wisconsin

Glaciation, partially removed, sorted, or covered the older

glacial deposits and left behind a ridge called the terminal

moraine which represents the furthest southern extent of the

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glacier. The terminal moraine generally trends north-south

across the length of Scotch Plains separating stratified drift to

the west from ground moraine (unstratified drift) to the east.

These unconsolidated sediments, consisting of mixtures

of clay, silt, sand and gravel, mantle the bedrock surface in

Scotch Plains. The glacial deposits generally fall into three

categories: 1) terminal moraine which is the material pushed up

or plowed at the leading edge of the advancing glaciers; 2)

ground moraine or unstratified drift carried forward in and

beneath the ice; and 3) stratified drift representing sorting

during the melting of the ice (Figure 2). These deposits range

from zero thickness on the northern portion of the Township where

bedrock occurs at or near the surface, to over 140 feet thick in

the buried stream valleys. However the majority of the Township

has bedrock occurring at approximately 50 feet below the surface

especially in the southern half of the Township(Nemickas, 1974).

Prior to glaciation, the rivers draining Union County

cut deep valleys into the Passaic Formation which the glaciers

filled with sediments. The irregularity of the bedrock surface

accounts for the variation in the thickness of the Pleistocene

deposits withing short distances.

Two buried stream channels underlie portions of Scotch

Plains: the Kenilworth-Newark Valley extends westward into

Scotch Plains and is deepest (140 feet) at the Scotch Plains­

Westfield border, then trends southwestward into Fanwood. The

Rahway Valley trends southeast from the southern end of Scotch

Plains where the bedrock surface is about 10 feet below sea level

in the vicinity of Ashbrook Swamp (Nemickas, 1974).

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Deposits of Holocene (recent) age cover only small

isolated areas of the Township and include river, alluvial and

eolian deposits. The stratigraphic units occurring in the Scotch

Plains area are shown in Table 1.

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I I I I 'I - t I I I I Iueology ana hydrology of the rock units in Union County, New Jersey

I I I

HvdroloRic characteristicsRelatively impermeable deposits; retardintrusion of saline water through riverbeds.

Importan~ as an aquifer in the City ofRahway and;in Union, Hillside andSpringfield Townships and in KenilworthBorough. At the City of Rahway andHillside Townahip wells induce rechargefrom rivers.

Above water table; high rate ofinfiltration .

Because of low permeability. it is notan important aquifer in the County.

Unconformity

Llthol02vSand. ailt. and mud in andalong river channels.

Sand

Unstratified clay. aand andgravel; reddish brown incolor. Forms the ground andend moraine deposits.DeDosited bv daclers.Sand and grav,el lenses whichare stratified. Occurs aslenses in the till in thebedrock channels" snd inter­bedded with till in the endmoraines. Deposited bywater.---

0-25

0-200

0-10

0-60

Thickness(feet)

IIIl:: U.. ...... 1rI.... 0o PoII~

Formation or11 tholoRlc unit

II£lIIUo

o-l

~

SeriesPeriod

U-.4oNo£lIIo

Era

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Most extensive and most importsntaquifer in Union County. Wa~er storedin snd transmitted slong fracture andjoint systems which decrease in numberand volume with depth. Both artesianand water-table conditions exist.

Minor aquifer in the county. Wellyields are low to moderate .

Interbedded. soft red shales,mudstones, and sandstones.Adjacent to the WatchungBasalt it is altered to ahornfels.

Basaltic lava sheets inter­calated with the sedimentaryrocks of the Newark Group.Two of the sheets crop out inUnion County. The basalt isa dense, aphanitic. extrusiverock. Augite and feldsparsare the chief minerals.

300-800

6,000-8,000

~•~ r-..as.l.J~-1

~ as;:l lQo as~~

QJbO

~g- ~D 0.... '--'

t:J ...------4--------1---------------.----..loo:....~II:z:

U-.4totoIII.......

H

....IIPo

&

U-rllQlQas~;:l

OJ

u...toIIIIII.......H

u~DNDto

::!

Modified From: Nemickas, 1976 and Olsen, 1980

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GROORD WAftR

Nearly all of the ground water in Scotch Plains

originates from local precipitation. Recharge into the aquifers

is supplied by infiltration through the soil and percolation to

the water table. The amount of water that reaches the water

table varies throughout the year and is controlled by the amount

of precipitation, slope of land surface, underlying geologic

formation, and vegetative cover.

The Brunswick (Passaic) Formation is the major aquifer

and underlies most of Scotch Plains. Ground water occurs within

the fractures and joints of the bedrock. These openings create a

secondary porosity in the rock and become progressively tighter

and fewer with increasing depth (Figure 3). Ground water occurs

under both unconfined and confined (artisan) conditions in the

Brunswick Formation. Unconfined conditions typically occur in

recharge areas and areas where underlying sediments are thin or

absent. Glacial deposits consisting of clay and silt form

confining layers. Such confining layers and fracture zones deep

within the rock create artisan pressure, whereby ground water can

rise above the water table or flow at the ground surface.

The Watchung (Orange Mountain) Basalt located in the

extreme northern portion of the Township is a very minor aquifer.

Openings in the basalt from fractures and joints as well as gas

bubbles (vesicles) constitute only a small part of the total

volume of the rock and thus the capacity to store and transmit

ground water is poor.

Of the unconsolidated Pleistocene and recent deposits,

only sand and gravel aquifers of the stratified drift contain

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-FiQure 3

Dry Hole

Seml-Art.slanwell

Idealized section showinQ artesian and water table conditionsin fractured non-porous rocks and possible directions of ground watermovement.

Water Table - - ------

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Modified From: Kasabach, 1966

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sufficient quantities of water to be considered as an aquifer.

The most productive aquifer in Scotch Plains occurs within the

stratified drift along the bedrock channels.

Elizabethtown Water Company operates a well field

between Jerusalem Road and the border with Westfield. Here, the

Pleistocene deposits are thickest (140 feet) being on the ridge

of the Terminal Morraine. Therefore, the recharge to the

underlying bedrock aquifer is high. Several wells in this well

field extend to depths of 650 and 700 feet where yields up to 300

gallons per minute are obtained (Nemickas, 1976) .

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SOILS

Soil types within the Township have been mapped by the

USDA - Soil Conservation District and the Somerset - Union Soil

Conservation District (Soil Conservation Service, 1991). The

soils have been classified according to physical properties which

were either measured or observed in the field or the laboratory.

The soils within the Township have been derived by the weathering

of the underlying parent rock or transported by such means as

water or glaciers. Figure 4 is a generalized diagram of the

various soil horizons beneath the ground surface.

Table 2 summarizes the general soil associations which

occur in Union County. The soil associations are composed of one

or more soil types. Each soil type is characterized by

composition, texture, drainage, thickness and slope. Drawing 3

depicts the soils mapped in the Township. The following soil

types occur in Scotch Plains:

AMWELL SOILS

The Amwell soils consist of fine loamy, mixed, mesic

Aquic Hapludults. These are moderately well drained and somewhat

poorly drained soils that have a firm fragipan in the subsoil.

The substratum is massive and firm. They developed from

colluvium associated with the first and second Watchung

Mountains. The soil materials are composed of either colluvium

high in basalt or extramortphic drift underlain by residium

weathered from red shale or basalt bedrock.

AQUENTS, FREQUENTLY FLOODED

Aquents, frequently flooded, consist of very deep

somewhat poorly drained soils on flood plains. They flood more

often than once a year under normal conditions. These soils

24

-FIGURE 4

SOIL HORIZONS

---

-

... ..

. .

lOP501L•A· ttOl\\20N

SUBSOil"B" IiOl\tZDN

o

501L MATERIALI' ell HORtz.oN

" o' 0• o· 0o ••. ,;.• lJ •

• • •• 0·0 • 0.·

.. . .0'0. 0

• 0 .0'.... .•• ~ • o' 0o o· '.. o· o' 0 o·• (,.... •• 0

:0.0.0'0"0·0· ... ••• '0 0

• • v O' O' •• •. . •• 0I) 0 ,0. . ,

-

-

-- Source: ANJEC, 1990

--

--

-

-

----

TABLE 2

GENERAL SOILS OCCURRING IN UNION COUNTY

SOILS FORMED IN GLACIAL TILL

1. Boonton-Haledon-Haledon Variant-Association: Deep,well drained to poorly drained, sloping to level loamsand silt loams ~hat overlie shale and sandstone.

2. Boonton-Haledon-Association: Deep, well drained tosomewhat poorly drained, steep to gently sloping verystony gravelly loams to silt loams that overlie shale,sandstone and basalt.

3. Amwell-Haledon Association: Deep, moderately well tosomewhat poorly drained silt loams that overlie shale,sandstone and basalt.

SOILS FORMED IN MATERIAL WEATHERED FROM BASALT AND DIABASE

4. Neshaminy-Amwell-Mount Lucas Association: Moderatelydeep and deep, well drained to somewhat poorly drainedsilt loams and extremely stony silt loams that overliebasalt and diabase.

SOILS FORMED IN GLACIAL LAKE AND MARINE SEDIMENT

5. Whippany-Parsippany Association: Deep, somewhat poorlydrained to poorly drained silt loams that overlie shaleand sandstone.

6. Carlisle-Parsippany Variant - Adrian Association:Deep, very poorly drained to poorly drained peats andsilt loams that overlie shale and sandstone.

7. Tidal Marsh-Udorthents over Tidal Marsh Association:Deep, very poorly drained organic soils that overlieshale and sandstone.

SOILS FORMED IN ALLUVIUM AND GLACIAL OUTWASH SEDIMENT

8. Birdsboro-Dunellen-Ellington-Birdsboro VariantAssociation: Deep, well drained to somewhat poorlydrained sandy loams to silt loams that overlie shaleand sandstone.

9. Hurrabuedt Association: Deep, somewhat poorly drainedto poorly drained silt loams and sandy loams thatoverlie shale and sandstone.

10. Urban Land Association: Areas built up and occupied bystructures and works; on all landscape positions.

Source: SCS, 1991

-

-

--

formed in stratified and water sorted sediments and organic

materials along major streams. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

These soils are commonly associated with other wet soils subject

to periodic flooding, Birdsboro and Haledon soils.

BIRDSBORO SOILS

The Birdsboro soils consist of fine loamy, mixed, mesic

Typic Hapludults. These are deep, well drained soils formed in

outwash, old stream sediments or in kame deposits of mixed

composition primarily red sandstone, shale and siltstone.

BOONTON SOILS

The Boonton soils consist of coarse-loamy, mixed mesic

Typic Fragiudalfs. These soils are deep, well and moderately

well drained soils that have a fragipan in the lower part of the

- soil profile. They formed in glacial till derived from red

sandstone, shale, gneiss and basalt. Slopes range from 3 to 35

percent.

-

--

-

CARLISLE SOILS

The Carlisle soils consist of euic, mesic, Typic

Medisaprists. These soils are deep, very poorly drained organic

soils that formed in depressions that were formerly or now partly

occupied by lakes and ponds. Over a period of thousand of years,

these lakes and ponds have gradually been filling by the

accumulation of organic material. Swamp ares such as at Ashbrook

and Galloping Hill are examples.

DUNELLEN SOILS

The Dunellen soils consist of coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic

Typic Hapludults. These are deep, well drained soils formed in

glacial outwash of mixed composition, mostly red sandstone,

27

----

--

---

-

shale, gneiss, and basalt. These soils are on contacts of

glacial till with lacustrine deposits. Isolated areas of

Dunellen soils are also within dominantly glacial till areas.

HALEDON SOILS

The Haledon soils consist of coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic

family of Aquic Fragiudalfs. These are deep, somewhat poorly

drained soils that have a fragipan in the lower part of the

subsoil. They formed in glacial till, composed primarily of

reddish sandstone and shales, basalt and granitic gneiss. Slopes

range from 0 to 8 percent.

HASBROUCK SOILS

The Hasbrouck soils consist of fine loamy, mixed mesic

Aeric Fragiaqualfs. These are deep, poorly drained soils that

have a fragipan in the lower part of the soil. They formed in

glacial till, composed primarily of red sandstone, shale, basalt,

and granitic gneiss. Slopes are nearly level.

NESHAMINY SOILS

The Neshaminy soils consist of fine loamy, mixed, mesic,

Ultic Hapludalfs. These are well drained, gently to steeply

sloping soils formed from residuum of basalt on hillsides and

ridgetops of the Watchung Mountains.

PARSIPPANY SOILS

The Parsippany soils consist of fine, mixed, mesic Aeric

Ochraqualfs. These are deep, poorly drained soils formed from

stratified sediment of lacustrine origin, derived mostly from red

and brown shale, sandstone, basalt, and granitic rocks. Coarse

fragments are very rare or absent. These soils are on the nearly

level bottom of the basin formerly occupied by glacial Lake

Passaic along what is now the Passaic River basin.

28

...

...

...

...

RARITAN SOILS

The Raritan soils consist of fine loamy mixed, mesic

Aquic Hapludults. These are deep, somewhat poorly drained soils

that formed in glacial outwash and stream terrace sediments.

SULFAQUENTS

Sulfaquents consist of deep, poorly drained or very

poorly drained, nearly level mineral soils subject to tidal

flooding. These soils formed in stratified silty and sandy

sediments of glaciomarine origin. These soils are on tidal flats

adjacent tidal waters.

SULFIHEMISTS

Sulfihemists consist of deep poorly drained or very

poorly drained, nearly level organic soils subject to tidal

flooding. The organic soils are underlain by stratified silty

and sandy sediments of glaciomarine origin. These soils are on

tidal flats adjacent to tidal waters.

TUNKHANNOCK SOILS

The Tunkhannock soils consist of loamy skeletal, mixed...mesic family of Typic Dystrochrepts. These soils are well

drained and are on glacial terraces or kames.

UDIFLUVENTS, FREQUENTLY FLOODED

Udifluvents, frequently flooded consist of deep

moderately well or somewhat poorly drained alluvial soils subject

...

...to flooding. These soils are along streams both perennial

...

...

intermittent streams .

UDORTHENTS, LOAMY

Udorthents, Loamy consist of deep well to poorly drained

soils which result from cut and fill in the preparation of

building sites. These soils are mostly at the edges of low lying29

-

-

nearly level wetlands.

UDORTHENTS, ORGANIC SUBSTRATUM

Udorthents, Organic Substratum consist of deep to-shallow fill over tidal marsh. The sources of fill have varied

so that the soils have diverse textural and mineralogical

composition. These soils occur in the eastern part of the county

along the margins of and extending onto tidal marshes.

UDORTHENTS, WASTE SUBSTRATUM

Udorthents, waste substratum consists of deep to shallow

fill over non-earthy wastes. Most of these areas were old

sanitary landfills which have been regraded and are being

converted to other uses such as parks, residential, and

commercial areas.

URBAN LAND

--

--

-

Urban Land consists of areas which are more than 85

percent covered by impervious structures such as pavements and

buildings. The uncovered portion as a rule have been disturbed

so that natural soil profiles no longer exist.

The extent and kind of disturbance during construction

is so varied that on-site investigations are needed on all sites

of Urban Land to identify the kinds of soils materials remaining

and to determine the potentials of the land type.

WHIPPANY SOILS

The Whippany soils consist of fine, mixed, mesic Aquic

Hapludalfs. These are deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed

from stratified sediments of lacustrine origin, derived mostly

from red and brown shale and sandstone, basalt and granitic

rocks. Coarse fragments are very rare or absent. These soils

are on the nearly level and gently sloping edges of the basin

...

...

..

formerly occupied by Glacial Lake Passaic along what is now the

Passaic River basin .

31

-

-

-

--

--

-

SURFACE liA'RR ABO FLOODIBG

There are two basic water systems in Scotch Plains,

Robinson's Branch of the Rahway River and the Green Brook Sub­

basin. Essentially the Green Brook flows into Scotch Plains from

the north through a notch in the first range of the Watchung

Mountains and drains the bulk of the northside of Scotch Plains,

eventually flowing into the Raritan River at Bound Brook (Figure

S). The Green Brook also has two sub-branches in Scotch Plains;

the East Branch of the Green Brook which flows down the mountain

in the area of Glenside Avenue, turns west at the foot of the

mountain and runs parallel to Route 22 crossing under the highway

twice before it joins the main branch just short of the Park

Avenue Overpass. The second branch is the Cedar Brook which

begins in the vicinity of the High School athletic field and

flows west just north at the Fanwood line to Terrill Road. At

Terrill Road the stream enters a culvert and is piped some 2 1/2

miles under Plainfield to Cedar Brook Park where it emerges. It

continues to flow westward to Middlesex Borough where it joins

the Green Brook shortly before it enters the Raritan River.

Robinson's Branch and its number of tributaries drain the

southside of Scotch Plains as well as the Crestwood Area on the

northside of the Township. All of this volume flows into the

Rahway River.

As can be seen from the Flood Insurance Rate Map (HUD,

1980), flooding can and has occurred in both sectors of the

Township during 100 and SOO-year storms. Historically, major

floods have occurred several times in the recent past: 1973,

1971, and 1968. There also are records of substantial floods on

32

-FANWOOD

GREEN BROOK DRAINAGE SUB-BASIN

BOUND BROOK

LEG END

- -- Municipalities & Counties

o Drainage Sub-Basin

o Middlesex County

li1 Somerset County

• Union County

~ -.J__-!l__""'_""""- """,, ,- ---!__-,,,,__--",,_,--. ~ I-_ I

o I 2

i-IMILES

Municipalities Within The Counties Of Middlesex,Somerset & Union

FIGURE 5

...

...

...

...

...

...

the Northside prior to those cited above .

The history of Scotch Plains from the book "Under the

Blue Hills" (Rawson, 1974), tells of various mills and mill ponds

along the Green Brook being washed away. The author tells of a

heavy flood when she was a young girl around the turn of the

century, and of another young girl's death due to a flood a half

a century earlier. That flood, like the 1973 flood, involved

water coming down the mountain and flooding the Green Brook and

the Cedar Brook. The eighteenth century incident involved a

secondary stream meandering between the Green Brook and the Cedar

Brook. After the girl's death, the stream was piped underground.

However, in 1973, water flowed down Park Avenue to the Cedar

Brook, down Front Street and Second Street and then flowed down

various side streets into the Cedar Brook.

To alleviate flooding several actions have been taken by the

Township. Box culverts were installed in portions of the East

Branch of the Green Brook. In addition, a 72" diameter tunnel

was created which runs along Rt. 22 to relieve flooding south of

the highway. The channel was widened and concreted from the end

of the 72" diameter tunnel to where the East Branch joins the

main stream. The bridge over the Green Brook at Terrill Road was

also elevated, eliminating a bottleneck. Another bottleneck was

a steel grate across the Cedar Brook where it entered the pipe

under Terrill Road. Buildup of debris against this grate was a

particular problem in the early 70's until Fanwood and Scotch

Plains entered into an agreement to share the duty of regularly

cleaning the grate.

The ultimate solution to northside flooding is completion of

34

-

the proposed "Plan A" US Army Corps of Engineers project.

Similarly, the southside has had extensive, but less

- severe flood problems. Particular areas include Branch 22 of

Robinson's Branch and the Winding Brook Way Branch. For Winding

Brook Way, replacement of a bridge over Raritan Road and some

concrete channelization have helped. A second bridge at the

Lehigh Valley Railroad over the Winding Brook Way, is also a

bottleneck and contributor to flooding in that area. In

addition, there is a much smaller Corps of Engineers project

upstream on Robinson's Branch in Clark and Woodbridge which when

completed, is expected to alleviate flooding in Scotch Plains as-well.

--

- 35

...

...

...

...

...

There are two basic types of wetlands: freshwater

wetlands and coastal wetlands. Coastal wetlands are natural

systems which occur at the edge of dry land and saltwater bodies

like oceans, bays and the mouths of rivers. Much of New Jersey's

eastern border which touches the Hudson River, Raritan Bay and

the Atlantic Ocean, including its associated bays, contains

coastal wetlands. On the other hand, an inland municipality like

Scotch Plains which has no contact with saltwater systems will

normally contain only freshwater wetlands. Freshwater wetlands

are areas of land which are completely covered by freshwater for

a long enough period of time to allow plants called hydrophytes

to grow there and for the soil to change color.

The source of water for freshwater wetlands can be due

to a high water table, a river, stream or brook, and/or runoff

from areas of land that are higher in elevation than those areas

where the wetlands form.

There are four main reasons why wetlands are such vital

natural resources to New Jersey and Scotch Plains. First,

wetlands provide an important habitat for plant and animal life

that the food chain is dependent upon. Wetlands serve as natural

nurseries for many animals raising their young, from turtles to

great blue herons to blue-spotted salamanders, all on New

Jersey's lists of endangered and threatened wildlife. Wetlands

provide food sources for many other animals year-round including

deer, bear and other large animals. In fact, freshwater wetlands

and coastal wetlands are among the most productive of the world's

ecosystems because the plants living in them are very efficient

36

--

in using sunlight to make abundant plant tissue. Second,

wetlands are needed for controlling floods. When wetlands are

filled for development, the water that once occupied the wetlands

simply runs across upland and developed areas and rushes

downslope towards whatever objects may be in its way including

basements, parking lots, roads and buildings. Wetlands absorb

the excess water when rivers and streams overflow so that

communities downstream have protection from flooding. Third,

wetlands serve to maintain an adequate supply of an element very

crucial to life - water. During the summer when dry periods are

common, it is the presence of wetlands and their water-storing

capability which release water slowly into ground and surface

water systems so that wildlife and humans can be sufficiently

supplied with water. Lastly, wetlands are natural water

purification systems. The vegetation which grows in wetlands

depletes nitrogen, phosphorous and other nutrients often present

in pollution. Wetlands also filter silt from eroding land out of

rivers and streams so that downstream waters are cleaner and-clearer.

The United States Department of the Interior, Fish and

Wildlife Service (FWS) has classified and mapped the majority of

- wetlands in the United States. The maps on which the FWS has

depicted the nations's wetlands are called National Wetlands

Inventory (NWI) maps. The four NWI maps used to identify Scotch

_ Plains' wetlands are listed on the attached Wetlands map and in

the References.

According to the FWS and as described in the FWS manual

entitled Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the-37

...

...

united states, wetlands can be divided into five systems ­

Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine and Palustrine. The FWS

further classifies each of these systems into more specific

categories. For example, R20W according to the FWS manual is a

Riverine (R), Lower Perennial (2), Open Water/Unknown Bottom (OW)

wetland.

Scotch Plains contains Palustrine and Riverine wetlands

(Drawing 5). Palustrine Systems include all nontidal (i.e. not

influenced by the ocean's tides) wetland dominated by trees,

shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens.

Palustrine systems are bounded by upland or any of the other four

systems listed above. Palustrine Systems may be situated

shoreward of lakes, river channels, or estuaries; on river

floodplains; in isolated catchments or on slopes. They may also

occur as islands in lakes or rivers.

The Palustrine wetlands that occur in Scotch Plains are

Palustrine Forested/Scrub/Shrub Broad-leaved deciduous (P Fa/55

1), Palustrine Forested Broad-leaved deciduous (PFOl), Palustrine

Open Water/Unknown Bottom (POW), Palustrine Emergent/Open

Water/Unknown Bottom (P EM/OW), Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Broad­

leaved deciduous/ Emergent (p SSI/EM), Palustrine Scrub/Shrub

Broad-leaved deciduous (PSSl) and Palustrine Emergent (PEM).

Riverine Systems include all wetlands and deepwater...habitats contained within a channel. A channel is defined as

"an open conduit either naturally or artificially created which

periodically or continuously contains moving water or which forms

a connecting link between two bodies of standing water" (Langbein

and Iseri 1960:5). Riverine Systems are bounded on the landward

38

-

-

-

--

-

side by upland, by the channel bank, or by Palustrine wetlands.

The single Riverine wetland in Scotch Plains is Riverine Lower

Perennial Open Water/Unknown Bottom (R20W) and is situated along

the Green Brook and north of u.S. Route 22.

Most of the wetlands in Scotch Plains can be found

adjacent to or associated with the various brooks, streams and

other watercourses which flow through the Township. The majority

of these wetlands are Palustrine Systems. The single Riverine

System is described above. The largest wetland in Scotch Plains

is located in the Ashbrook Reservation on the Township's

southside and is designated PF01. The water system which it is

associated with is Robinson's Branch of the Rahway River. All of

the Township's wetlands that are mapped by the FWS can be found

on the attached Wetlands map.

The State of New Jersey has made provisions to protect

wetlands in the State through the Freshwater Wetlands Protection

Act of 1987. This law regulates the following activities in

wetlands:

1. The removal, excavation, disturbance or dredging ofsoil, sand, gravel, or aggregate material of anykind;

2. The drainage or disturbance of the water level orwater table;

3. The dumping, discharging or filling with anymaterials;

4. The driving of pilings;

5. The placing of obstructions; or

6. The destruction of plant life which would alter thecharacter of a freshwater wetland, including thecutting of trees except the approved harvesting offorest products pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:7A-2.5(a)2,which makes provisions for the habitats ofthreatened or endangered species.

39

...

...

...

...

...

REFERENCES

Anderson, H.R., 1968, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of theRahway Area, New Jersey, State of New Jersey, Division ofWater policy and Supply, Special Report No. 27, 72p.

ANJEC, 1991, Environmental Commissioner's Handbook, New JerseyDept. of Environmental Protection and Assoc. of New JerseyEnvironmental Commissions, 88p.

Cowardin, L.M., Carter, V. Golet, F.C., La Roe, E.T., 1979,Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of theUnited States, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Departmentof the Interior, Washington D.C., 131p.

Fanwood Environmental Commission, 1976, Natural ResourcesInventory, Borough of Fanwood, Union County, New Jersey,99p.

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1981, Multi-GovernmentManagement of Floodplains in Small Watersheds, 59p .

Federal Interagency Committee for Wetland Delineation. 1989Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdict­ional Wetlands. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, Washington, D.C. Cooperative technical public­ation. 76pp. plus appendices.

Federal Register, Part II, 33 CFR Parts 320 through 330, 1986,Department of Defense, Corps of Engineers, Department ofthe Army.

Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act Rules, N.J.A.C. 7:7A, asamended to July 17, 1989, Division of Coastal Resources,New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton,N.J.

Hayes, P., 1991, Why Save Wetlands?, New Jersey Outdoors.

Kasabach, H.F., 1966, Geology and Ground-Water Resources ofHunterdon County, N.J., State of New Jersey, Division ofWater Policy and Supply, Special Report No. 24, 124p.

Lyttle, P.T. and Epstein, J.B., 1987, Geologic Map of the Newark1 x 2 Quadrangle, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York,U.S. Geol. Survey Miscellaneous Invest. Series, Map I­1715 .

Nemickas, B., 1974, Bedrock Topography and Thickness of thePleistocene Deposits in Union County and Adjacent Areas,New Jersey, U.S. Geol. Survey Micellaneous Geologic Invest.MapI-795 .

40

...

...Nemickas, B., 1976, Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Union

County, New Jersey, U.S. Geol. Survey Water-ResourcesInvest. 76-73, 103p.

Olsen, P.E., 1980, Triassic and Jurassic Formations of the NewarkBasin, in Manspeiser, W. ed., Field Studies of New JerseyGeology and Guide to Field Trips, Rutgers Univ. Press,Newark, p. 2-39.

Rawson, Marion, N., 1974, Under the Blue Hills, InterstatePublishing Co., Plainfield, NJ, 201p.

Rogers, F.C., Lueder, D.R., Obear, G.H., and Zumper, W.H., 1952,Engineering Soil Survey of New Jersey, Report No.5, UnionCounty, Rutgers Univ. Engr. Research Bulletin 19, 51p.

Soil Conservation Service, 1991, Draft Soil Survey for UnionCounty, New Jersey, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conser­vation Service, Bridgewater, N.J.

Tiner, R., 1988, America's Wetlands Our Vital Link Between Land... and Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of

Wetlands Protection, Office of Water, Washington, D.C., 9p.

Union County, 1990, Vacant Land Inventory - 1989, Union CountyDiv. of Planning and Development.

United States Department of the Interior, Fish and WildlifeService, National Wetlands Inventory, Chatham, Perth Amboy,Plainfield and Roselle, New Jersey Quadrangles.

U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 1980, Flood Insur­ance Rate Map, Township of Scotch Plains, NJ, revised July,18, 1980.

Wentz, W.A., 1981, Wetlands Values and Management, U.S. Fish andWildlife Service and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, D.C., 24p •...

...

...

...A1

-------

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-

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APPENDIX A

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND SITES IN SCOTCH PLAINS

1830 Front St.Typical salt-box. Part of the

Ben Elliot's blacksmith shop until

-

-

--

-

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND SITES IN SCOTCH PLAINS

District 11 Elijah Stites Mill 33 Bonnie Burn Rd.

Tnis builiing still stands where it was built in 1724 in what was thenBrowntown. It nas been a grist mill, saw illill anQ fur felt mill. Itmade the felt for tri-cornered hats of tne Revolution.

2 Gibbs Brick House 35 Bonnie Burn Rd.Built in 1850 in Victorian/Georgian style by Mr. Hetfield wno ownedthe mill. 'rne first bathroom in this area was built in this brick house.

3 Adelburt Farm 1~5 Glenside Ave.This little fsrmhouse has been in the same location since it WES builtover 200 years aGo (pre-1780). Additions tnrough the years. Itdocuments the agricultural development of 3cotch Plains.

District 2

22 Aaron Farse House 1800 Front St.Built in 1750 ani remo~eled in 1860's. It wau known as "the ~landers

Place" ani nad 2 or 3 slave cabins in a rOVl behind it. Now gone.

24 Osborn Oannonball House 18~O Front 3t.BuiLt in tne illid 1700's in a Georgian vernacular style. ~he housefeatures low ceilings, wooden pegsed frame, brick lined walls andoyster shell plaster. Good example of mid-18th century constructionin Union Coun~~. ~iccordin[ to le;end a cannonball is in its wallsfrom Revolutionary times.

23 Hamilton HouseBuilt in 1750 in Georgian vernacular.Lyon farm. I-loved from 318 Park Ave.the mid 1300's.

14 M.3.Dunn's 328 Park Ave.House oribinally built on this site in 1830 belon~ed to ~1.~.Dunn, heroof tne 1666 ilood. Now illodernizeu inside for offices.

25 ~vorld War I Monument ~ront St. an~ Park Ave.Built in tue 1920's under engineer, Artnur Embury Smitn wno ~lso didtne Martine ~ve. bridge. Locals donated money and labor. rhera is aplaaue on each of tne ~ sides dedicatso ~o ~hose wao ~ave their livesin ,10rld .Jar I, II, Korea, and Vietnam '.-Ii til. names lisl;ed.

20 Stage ~ouse Complex 300 P~rk Ave.3tanbury Inn: ~uilt in 1737 it is on its original site. Been incontinuous use since then. It is on tile National ~egister. The originalpart of tne buildin; is tne Capt. Stanbury Room. Upst~irs tne Lon;Room serve~ town meetings for a Ions time. ~uring t~e Revolutiontroop me~sen28rs anu officers met here.Paff~ Hou~e: -3uil t in 1810 it ....Ja::..~ moved in 1 ~)OO from t,~e N.--:'. corner ofForest Rd •• ~owe of To~ ~aff, prominent in our history. Once usen asa blacKsmit~ s~o~. Vernacular Geor~i&n - rectangular saltbox.Parse ~ouse: Euil~ in 1630's, 3 bay N.J. f2rmhouse. Cedar shingleson fron~ are o!'Ldn&l. It rS::Jresents tile more humble cl\vellini::.3 of" theearly innabi~~nt~ of the area: First period cons~ruction in finion County,steep gable ro.").£' , 1,2 stories, 1 or 2 rooms '..Ii til le~n-to and lar~e briclrenG chimney. Floors :ina walls are oribinal. Moved here rrom Front 3t ••I'empe ~~ouse: 3uil t in 106.5. l':iantel ori=:inal. Old ,-,;ooien s;.....ut~ers?n u;;s-.:;airs -.:inci~·,l~. J.inis is one o __r tlie - olciest builci.ings in ti:1e ;3tage,::ouse Com~)le:: ~,n~; 1n _::)c;otcr~ Plains •. Uri::;inally stood on tne K. -:. siasof ~errill ~~. near rtaritan Rd.. 3econd floor h~s ori;inal sleepin~

- -2-

Jcotcj ?l~ins BaptistJnurchyar:'o. b:Jr~:lEJ:re::.<. '0:T :'_~r::mc.

~~t., :"l-c •."ve., ,S,L:,-ve., anc.~

~J'orest 2::'.

1 ," ,",' -!-" . f ~ ,- a""1 1.' es"'"" sc........ lerc Iloft. ~3is neuse ~Y0~I1.eS 0ne sl~ple orm OI ~ae e ~ 0 ~00 c

- homes _ ;..' trhalf house t1 of t "~e 17th centur;:r. Ori:;;inal floorbo?,r~s.Duell Ba~n: Built in 1760 and moved here in 1961 from 0ld.Raritan ~d ••Famous for setting of popular cock fiGhts. Hinges on_th2 Qoor,a~eori~inal. Great massive hand hewn timbers, doors, an~ early sldlng(with weatnerei side exposed. inside).Duncan :Fhyfe Privy: Only authen~ic Duncan J=hyfe outnouse in existence.Built in 1814- for :lis J.au ',:'~-cer I s house ani [lOved. i1e:::e in 1 jc1 from

- Piscataway. Delicate denfil molding around cornice ana in its pediment.

Distric-c 2_13 GOQ'S Acre

First burL.l )robably 1/42. .:."lrs-c read.able m.::rker 1J5o. 'rhis sectionof tae 33utis-c Oeme-cery ~~s set off bv!illiam Darby from ~is farmaround 1742. I-c con-cains tne ~r~ves ;r 24 2evolutioD_ry:ar sJl~ierswne drillei on t_lis land. .0r"e bro'::n scmdstones i'ror:: OJ:lic:" -c:"l-.::2-' '..'erequc::.rrie,~ ~ 8.1[;", :;:'ro;;l2'el-evil::" s ~'.C) un-c 2,in.

15 oCO-cC:l '=:1::;,in8 .uaptistJnurcn 333 PeT.: .:J"ve.Tr:is \;/9.S "G:18 "G::..iru. Baptis:; JhurCLl -Quilt on t;1.-_i.3 site. :~rec-ce,~ l11 10/0.:r~uslciniE;.L ,3-o:.-.:.ic - one of' -~ .. '':; fe'.,·.~ jlictoris.n Go'c~lic 8~-:JIlc::.es In UnionCounty.

-19 i:saptist .Parson8~e 347 ?2.r~: .,va.Late Geor;i_.:l style. .L:Ul':" -:; in '1/6,:, o i.' fi·~lci.stone. '=_lls En~·~ '::::0 incllesthick. Lacs fireplace man~el different. Reported to be tne first stonehouse in wha~ wa~ then Esse~ County. It is built on the site of tnewilliam Darby farmhouse. Pl~cej on t~e Naticncl Regis~er of Eis~orical

places, and Eistorical ~rchitectural Builaings 0urvey. =-he town'sfirst library was house on t;ne second lanain~ in t~e e~rly 1810's.

17 The Albert Souse 356 Mon~ague Ave.Circa 1750. ~oved to its ;re2en:; loc~tion sometiffie in tj~ mi~ 13thcen"Cury. .2ric.:::: fillea ..!:.-...l.l.S sec~i, n is;-,re-c{evolutionar-.-. ,,' .len itwas move~ it was victorianizea ,.it~ s tO~9r win~ an~ ~ra~ porch.

9 -rne S'c;o,r: =-ious c':'lhis 2;t .3 -C:J r:: L:li U.- 'Ly:.-.. c 8n "C"J. r-- _. :;r~.:~'~:=; u ,';'~ i;.: 0 r:. i t.s . r:i -.:- i::,.. 2. i' 1-:"; 1'::,8-C;] n er"nunQ' n'-~ '''''-1 :"7": ~ +-,.., ".,...~ '.""l· n" - "'~ -:::, "'-'.l'l'"1 -~.~ - . -v ,-""U ... vL ... ~ -LV,-, V..l-...J-:.-.. _ ...... _ •.- ....... v_ • ..>..-.', _ .... LIt... J.~_~:_'lesJJ-L~.

a ki"Gcnen ',1'211.

-18 Deacon Jonn L. Osborn's ~ouse 2117 ~es~fi~l~ ~ve.

Circ3. 17=:<="/le-revoLn::ion:::,r~.- ilOUSS. ,.;-::ill on it3 ori;inal site. ~he

house is ver~.- lliucn o.s i ~ '..::8 i::1 i -cs ,]ri(;inc.l S'Gate excep-c i'c)r tr~ekitc'-'en "r- ":,,,,:; " t· ~ ."' i_ -~, ~ -'-. +-.. .-, "• u ~ c:<.,_lc...~,~ L.1 ~~~ D...;.C.:.... l.Je_~ms..:..:1 v~::O c.utlC SilO':; orl[:lD2,l D rK 2.n'-'. 3. c"e~~rKs. VSDorns live:;. hero.: 8ri~in8.12.=,'. }j~7 /1002 Joi1n :Joo~: lived. :lere andl -e \Vas ::nD',,':: as II Coo:: IS \.;o:rner::. ,ne c,-;,' t _.0 u",:ste.irs roor:1S hs.s llBenr;yCOOK'S ::oorr'-: co.rveci in em 01::.. c,oor. De ,eni he·s it -;:;:::'3.t :_,eneciict c-:.rnolci

_ haunts "G::e~:..::;use.

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1]6) Moun~ai:: ~ve •.:.. ..... I~v2..1i8.n3.te ::,.rc~li "G8ctur<:3.

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- -3-12 T.J. Nicholl House 1997 Moun~ain Ave.

Built in 1872 bv Doremus ~~icuoll. Thomas Nic ~1011, ~'irst sayor oi' FamJOoo..Townshi n livedvhere in 1679. Louise Nicholl, noteci poe~ and daughterof Dore~~s born here, owned by ner until 1974. 1.\·li8 is t::"e familyof I'larion :i.~icnoll Rawson \-1,.0 wro~e Under t l~e 131ue ~-i:ills, t.,-e historyof Scots Plain.

29 All Saints Episcopal enurc:.:. 55:9 Park .eve.Built in 1592 with aid of t~2 Ky-co fa~lly, ~rom brown s~n~stone quarried

- in .Feltville I'loun1;ain.

21 Lxcelsior fiook [lna Laider 80.Site of t~e above. Built in 1370's.on thi.s site.

16 Yl,;C:,

1 :;2/ Bs.rtle ;,ve.1\0\1 SCO~C:l I'lains I'ublic IJibr,:.ry

GranC~t.-corner of Union

- Built in 181?in 18'71. jasad.ded. in 1)11before "i9 n:..::.ci

).ve.as the second. Bc',;)tist Ohurch. "las on :Earl: ,~ve., but movedfour room sC:iool ~:::;,use in 1883. '. bO\Jlin,--=- :::11<' e.ll'~ ..::ymfor :~, COi'1,,:uni'0J Cencer. 11: r:.8 t;v.:n librr:;r ',,'.::'.S l.Estairs:'" li br:;:.ry ouiL.in'· on 3 r rtl C .'- 'Ie.. Dec arne 0'. Y in 1 )47.

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.Jis~rict w.

5 ha-~ltnOrne 20use or !1:2.:;.un1;e~.. ':=ouse" 221 j ~ine -':':'errace:Suil t sometime ',rounct ~ ::"e~:iviI :s..r on t::"'2 Arno s :>:an --..: la::-::.=,~ion. uri ·--:in:.~l

ol,mer '::0.,: .,:illi::':"L: ~h-:::3. Tn'" s-cruc-cure ,'!:...·.3 ori:"in::-,ll--.' t .() s'0orie3 bm:;a later owner took 6fr the secona floor~ It ~as kno~n as a hauntedhouse by tne villagers becc:.use it \IG.S saLL t~:c:t '-.'. It poor ',:ro-,th of 2. lady"vJas seen on -;:;,l2 s econi floor c~lrr;yins:3. lit C ::lnG-le and. makinL. l:;r~8 roundsof the windows. Also seen roacin; tie property late ~~ ni;ht carryinGa candle. ~ear tne end. of the century occupied. by Julian Eawtnorne,\<!riter. In 1300's it is rumored t~'l2.t it was c. llspeakeasyll.

6 Ca)~ain Baker House 215 =lm Ct.Circa early 1700' s. ,::itill has Dri~~in3.1 front door and h::::.rd':mre. Ori~::;inal

house was one room witn sleenin'loft. Still intact ~ith additions made.The Baker f:3.:nily oi-med t:':e ~Jro;jert~l until e?~rl='" 1 :{:;O' s. =1,:1 Gt. Has t uelast remnant of the ~aker ~:3.r~ ~na was )u~ in i~ 195~.

28 Epb..r2.iL~ :ruc1:er ~':,"r:nrl.ouse 0~'~~ Jerus;.. lern r-~u...

:Suil:; b~~ ...:opc:r3.ic 'l'uCl'.:er· in t:_c ;.::.i(,--17'.)0',3 .~<:.rm~10U,3e 0_' cc:;,loni:"'.l :"e8i::;",;.,:ith its colu~nns i::1 !:ron-:- i-:: i.:-: 2,::.i\.~... -CC~ l):; one c.c' 0-.\~O o=..' i t3 t=7 ~~·e Int.:'.:.e na'~icn - -;:;'::2 SGcon:~ i.: in Jom:. • In i:;L~,,: :1i,i '1 ' 's i --.:; '.-I&S ttl2 ;)haQ.yRestGolf Jlub and pl3.yel nost: ~c Jount: ~~sie, DUKe 311in;ton, una o~ner

blaCK musicians. Now i-;:; is towns:lip owne~ Eni callei t~s Scotch HillsCoun-cr/ 8lub.

7 Jesse Jl::.r,: 3:3..kcr ::-ioD;"e 2)11 ~~ountain .·:.ve.Built in 17~O by Jonat2an I. D~~cr ror nis son. Lo~ ~in~ a~Qed in 1300.Once '9::''::'::; 0':" ~ ..e,c;cmbur='J.ri;l. In [",2 1 ...,7~) I S ~)~.rt: 0';: ::;.-:: :.c~,;:erman

~sta-;:;", 'dile~l .Joachman .".ll\:-;;;::· liv;:;:J.. ·t:;:'...c)1·8. l\:is J br: house t;§lne was~uilt trrr~u~~~ut Union Oo~ni:;Y i~ tne 18th an~ t~e e;rly 19th ~enturies.:l ~11-pre2ervsJ. ",xa,':L.. le .: .-.lC.~ S ,"0'::2 -sil.:" 'J.evelo;~r:18n i:; oi' t; .. '::' .3 b9-y hDuse·",·t'n "'~~":-. ,..., -.Le"''''--o ..'-:---; i', ,,~ '.,...~ p~ .. ' r'''' .. '-'--~ 1'· - .. f~ • ..I- ~- .. _.J.~...:"'" -- '- ........ .\..1 u. >JV __ ";"'_.'_ U_J. lu ..::: O ..... ..;...::....,..... lll·...;. ...:.. ;:..:lwv. 1-..:;,_ p.:J.r"'G 0

~ne nouse :~_~. o~i~in~.~.l coo~:in~, ::~lk-in rire·Gl,~ce lus ~i~e floor bonrds.~pere is a n~nd-csrvc~ manGel 1'ejor~e~17 ca~veJ ~i~~ ~ gen Knife by ~colonial 3,1:';.i·3r. ~.ll insi:.:.e':.. lls (.Tn 1'1001'8_1'8 ori ::ilJ.:::l ,..s is thehs.r~~~;T:::.r9 orl L; ~'= ...;-oors. "~'.. ::...:.....:.- still ild::'~.~I·i~in 1. -~)iece r -sree iOnT'_. . Dc. ~

io l~,.i:-:~ ~ .. = .:>l'~ .:2.~ :::"0 ':) e .. :lu.:; : ... i s'~ c· r·i c ~'.J. ._~O: .:~i t s c ·~U r .-:... 3uiL'.in.; EO.:iurve'l.

-8 Jr'. ~.-~ DrS~:'~3.:-:';' ()o 1 e S .=.0 II S e

1b~6 ~~ :~P2 o~n~d D~ ~~vi.23L .3 :·,oun~:.lin "V0.

1~16~. ~e~~ ~o JOD_ J. ~aker in 131;.

4 Swan House 215 0estfiel~ Rd.This house originally owned by Amos Swan (Swen) an~ was ~ae main houseon his plan~ation. In 1775 he ran a t~vern witil lodgin;s here. He was,also, a breeder of horses. This house sat on ~he ed::;e of a lIComLlonslt,a pasture land that could be used by all for "t:;~leir stock.

District 527 John Bornma~'s House 609 1estfie12 R~.

The original 1~ story section was built around 1780. The 2h s~ory

section added in the late 1800's. San~stone foundation. Vernacul=rfarmhouse. Repr2senl:;ative of "Gue expansion of early structures bypractical means to meet tno changes in:taste and need.

30 Osborn-Fa"t:;"t:;6rson Eause 711 ie~tfiel~ Rd.Back section pre-Revolutionary. Front pre-Civil ·1ar. Italianate sl:;yle.The older section ShOWS hand-cut beams an~ has an old open he~rth

fireplace with an origin~l crane Which still vlorks after over 200 years.Floor origin,-~l vliu.e,;::;ine b02ras. Back section may have been Osborn ISCider Mill. The newer secl:;ion has black ana w~ite marble fireplacesthroughout. Alon; the driveway are two cnis8le~-out stones for waterinanimals. (i'lOr,= r ere "G __ .:o.n Indi2n ~Tin.:.:..in::.; st;ones).

District 0

40 J'matn.::.:.n :0erry ~~ouse 14-7C: .2anway ?.6..Circa 175v-oO. ~ne ol~ part i8 fiel~sl:;one. ~nomas ~erry 2n~ his t~o

~ons, Jon~tnan ~~Q ~illiam, ~ettled,~n 100. ~cres given by Lord Berkeleyln south ~co"Gcn ~lalns ne~r Cooper rl~.. fnls early farmncus8 W2abuilt by Jona"Gnan ierry, a hero in the levolu~ionary jar.

_ District 7

36 Rhode Island Souse 1100 C13rk's LaneThis is a two story New Ensland salt box style nouse brou;ht to BcotchPlains from Foster, R.I. by Charles Detv!eiler. The exterior walls arecedar clapboard si~inc an~ 1712 roof is cedar ~h~kes. Its ori~inal

wide pine-floor boar-cG ar:_', panelin:: ':"'cnc.. four firer'le,ces re·:::;,resent theorigi~al construc~ic~ ie~tu~8~ 0~ ~nis s~ructure.- ,

31 Stenhell Han~ 20USG 126~ or 1300 8usnin_ ~~.

Circa 1300's. ~ields~on8 ~~uni tiona Vernacul~r f~rmhoJse. 3ui1t b~_ ~Tephen tian~ ~~o l!3Q bricKy~r~ in l:;o~n un~il 100~. be ser7S_ in ~: e

Lssex Coun~J Eilil:;i~ c..~rin~ ~ne ctevolu~ionsr7sr.

34 Henry Jlay ~anQolph's Home 1261 3ahway ~d.

This 1~ story woo~en frame vernacular farmhousG ~23 built prior to 1760ani exhibi~s a "t:;J"pical e"·.r1y dJerican cen~er n&ll construction. _.nU~b~r of ~l_eoriGin&l ou~-buildin;s are sl:;i11 in~act on this property.Orlglnal fl3last;one founda~ion. The Fitz-Rando1Dh's church meetin~s,-"ere he1~ in t ;:"i:.C cr i _;in_~l c..ome. - -

39 The Terry 20use 14)1 ~ahwav Ba.Vern~cular f~rmhouse, a ~~o s~ory woonen frame, built ar;und 182G by

- Dewis ierr:.-. De':lis 1:~ SOT_, ...2,Q',·l::"I.L~, na:'::' 3, blac.rcS!Ili -:h snOD here. .!..D

1860 -=dvlEtr:. ;::OV'2~~ l-:.oust3 b3.cl;: ~'r,);rl roc,::::' ::~n~ a~,,_ce,J. ,Eore rO'Jms. C.ousepresentl~l 'o:..:10n<3 1,;0 ~":..-::- 10vl"lJner:::.tionI'err-vs.- ~' ~- 38 The h',....T''' \-01 1 '. . .. 14~'1 :i.ahway ~"\ci~Circa 17QO:--;:la';; ~::. ::>oc~::s ,~... stones.,~T,:_c..l~Ln SE.tYS "Gilat ln 17'"/1

.Britisn troo?? cir:::,n~: it :'1..r~;. It is ci' '..'e11-s':.'2e',") v~. rieF7 ';:hel'8 :c. lon::-:tapered poL: i.::: scJUE: on C:'. ,ivot s.ttacl1eci to 8. ·nL:,: ;JOSt" '::itrl .:..:.. bucketsu~pended ~~OD ~~e en~ fer use in drawing wal:;er. -'~n~ well is 2prin~-fe~an::. "GLie VSlIlS 0'::::' t:'.:' '..'02..1 :-:'.:>='8 1ine5_ ·,:i-s:r:. stone - no:.~ipes.

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- -5-37 Zyghar's House 1381 Rahway RQ.

- Built in 1870 as a N.J. farmhouse. Originally two rooms downstairswith lean-to kitchen and two rooms upstairs. Additions made later.

35 The Heeley Property 1301 Rahway Rei.- Carriage house to the Randolph House.

32 J esse Dobier House 1230 Terrill .2.d.Built in 1736. Belonged to Jesse Dobier from 1740-1800's. It is on

- its original stone foundation ana contains a 6 ft. deep Beehive ovenand the original cooking fireplace. The living room contains threefine examples of period cherry wood paneling. There are originalrandom-width floors in both t~e living room and main bedrooill.

District 9_ 33 Scudder Home

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Corner of j. Broad Gt. andMartine Ave. (1285 Nar0ine Ave.)

Nilliam Scudder bought this in 1822 for his bride, Nary Hetfield. Thebasement is pre-Revolutionary. As you look at the house from ,J. Broatsi., the left side is the original house. The riIht side was added inthe 1850's. Old well in front wi0n an old Indian pUlverizins s~onebehind it. Old cooking fireplace in cellar.District 10

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56 E. Ryno I s Farm 1711 Rahway Rd.Built during Revolutionary times tnis farmhouse has cedar shake snin;lesand brick filled '.Jalls. The found3:tion is cLirt anlt stone. ~here ism' ol~ b2rn on tne property with wooaen pegs and original laader toloft. This is the suyposed site of the county stone whicn marketMiddlesex County on one side ana Essex on the other when we were stillpart of Essex County.

53 Krog Resi~ence 1080 Raritan Rd.- SINCE ~'IE PD' 3'EICKERS ON YCiUi\: I'lAF, TEL:; BU;:NED DmlN!

55 Battle of Short Hills Monument ~aritan Rd. entrance t n

=shbrook Golf Course.This monument was erec0ej in 1977 to commecorate tne Battle of 3~:rt

3ills. TIle base of tne monument has ma~)s :J.ni information on~~1:J..que2

set in S00ne on all four sides. Thest;ones came frClm t:,-s ...::. ~·~il2-<L

house, 2307 Nor0t Ave., which burned aown in '76 or '77. ~rect;ed

on top or tGe monument is a cannon, representing t~e 3 brass cannonscaptured by tae British from ~he colonial troops. 60 colonial ~iliti~

and 3 colonial officers lives were lost. ~arlier tue site WQS anIndian campin0 grounQ.

42 Ryno Farms0ead 13Sj ~aritan Rd.Buil t in 1810 tne house ':!:::.s part of' t~le oriijinal Hyno farm an::..c \:::,~ t;n-::;Coach House for tG8 Hetfielis. Entry gale is from tne J. AckermanColes estate at Deerhurst, Martine Ave ••

43 Cap~ain Brown1s 13 Star House 1j01Raritan Rd.Built in 1'76:::: 0his nome orisinally ownecL b7 John Ryno, then by sec.,Oapt. Brown. Mi6-~eor~ian style with a ;ieldstone founda0ion an_ J

roof of ori;inal wood shakes cove~e~ by sla08. A wing was adde~ in1840. Tne ori~inal cnair rails are in tne livin~ room an_ betroom.

'The firepluce In tne ~inin~ room ha~ tne ~ri~inar cookin: crane. Ole0WO corner fire~laces on e~ch floor. - -

44 ne0sy Frazee1s house 1451 Raritan Ra.Built circ~ 1720-4~ bj Joseon 7razee. Eome st;ill retains an ori~in~lDutch oven, nan6-he~n ana p~3:ed beams, brick-filleQ walls Dut i~~o

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turned13'70 i{aritan Rd..~istance an~ beenorisinally.

1141 Haritan Rd.'llhe I'lair Home54-

place with earth. The kitchen has the original solid ash beams._ House is floored in native ashwooa, and trim anQ framing are oak.

Beams upstairs are rough hewn and Roman numeral marking junc~ure ?fmortise ancL tenon wit:i oriGinal pegginG is visible. :JOvmstalrs ':Jln:J.O~vs

of original panes of ~lass.

41 Two Bridges SchoolhouseBuilt in 1816. It has been moved a shortinto a duplex home. It f~ced ~errill Hi.

- Dis-crict 1145 Frazee-Lee House 11 Black Bi~ch Rd.

Originally s~ood on tne site of tne Union County Vo-Tech School. ,Moved to its oresent location in 1963. It is maue u t' of two ol~ housesjoined togeth~r in 1828, a 1950 addition, and an addition in 1963.The larger older section (circa 1690's) has been moved twice. Builtby Thomas Lee, ,3r. it was originally on the corner oi Cooper ana TerrillRds. and was ~oveQ by Samuel Lee in 1826 u~on Ilis m?r~ia~e ~o join taesmaller section built b;;- hoses Frazee (circa 1760). Old blass panes.Eyebrow windovis upslJairs. l'he back parlor ,las tne 1dtlJ. century fire-

- place. In -c~e Lee section tne buttery and old hand-made bricks fromthe kitchen fireplace remain. Old fOUnQ2tion roc~s are being used forstepping stones and. retainint; walls. I'resent g"rase i-'laS a so':.' oarn.

- 46 Half )ay .Jell House 184/1 Raritan Rd..A vernacular farmnouse circa 1741 with a fi~ldstone foundation. Rousefirst belon~8i to Capt. :Sliakim Littell of ttll? Jersey Blues durini~ theRevolution. By the 1800' s it 'was knQwn~as ,llHalf Jay \velltl-_because ~

people thought it was halfway between Plainfiel~ and Rahway. lideplanking ao....mstairs. Hana-he\ln beams in every room except t:.J.e kitchen.Original winaows with bubble ;lass.

47 Antnony Littell's House 1900 ~aritan Rd.Built pre-1775. This was -c~e llome of 2evolutionnry Capt. Ant~ony

Littell. By 1362 i~ belon;ed ~o ~. Hetfield w~o added on -co it in 1875.It has boen -re-moaele':' ::on" ':~'u·-;-:-'-e'J.· ;<,-Y'{)u:'''' ""-""c' "Ire'"r''' "'0 ""h -- t·,;:. o""'ly....... - \..L .......... 0"..(. ~,;.. v LJ _ v ...... .L.... '...::" ~ v ...... J ....... "--' ~ v _... ,__ \,.; ,l.. ... -' .1,.1

ori;inal par~s are t~e upper ~loo~, a little roo~ on ~~ri~an R~. andtne foun'-'.a-cion.- Distric-c 12

49 Littell Homestead 1800 L~ke ~ve.

The 2a story nome W&S built around 1720. This sec~ion of -cne housewas sai~ to n~ve been ~ove~ from a location fartner west on RaritanRd.. Tne ori;inal house consiste~ of wn~t is now tne ki-cchen an~

dining room on the 3round level an2 ~2e ~augh-cer's room and guest roomon t~:G secone.;, ~t:'loor. ihen t ""~ house vi -",2 iflOV8U to Ldke,~va. in "0 Lieearly 1320's, it was enlrrr;e'-l by Isaac ~ittell ~o include -che presentcen0er hall, livin~ roo~, m~ster bedroom, an~ a son's room. In tae late

- J.8'JO's it;:c,'c: '_'. CLair::; l' rm run bJ ':-8'G"er -"~oesel. In 13.:55 i-c 'd!':1S usedas Novak's destaurant. Une o~ner claimed 2 gnos~s inhabited toe nouse.

51 Dunha:n-:GJ.mbert :Souse 2050 ilari tan :i.:':.- 'rhe cent2r:'~o=,~ion of' t.:is ::Juse is [;,.2 ori~~:in~1..1 'iJart built in tie

1690's, one c~ tne oldest in 3cotc~ Tlains.- The iivin~ room win~'(left, as ~ou ~ook 2~ it) was u~cied in 1)27. In 1301 ~~e ne~ ki~~hen(on -cne rlsnt) Nas a~dei incorporatin~ bricks fromche old kitc~enhear-ch. ,)ri=inal nand-hevm o'Jams can ",~ e seen in at'cic.

48... :/illo'.: _rove ,)2.bbet_~:)chool 1961 imritan He...- bUll t in 1du(. ,!ueen 1mne Vernacul,'r 3t;yle. John La:n.ber-;:; d.on:-..-ce~l the

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land on which the chapel stands ani it was constructed of fieldstonesgiven by neighboring farmers. A brick addition added in 1950. Now anactive Fresbyterian Church.

_ 50 Lambert [VIill 2041 Raritan Rd.Constructed on the site of an esrlier mill in 1840 by Simeon Lambertas a grist mill. Converted into a four level 12 room house in 1'j20.Two tunnels exist below the basement level of the house. There isspeculation that tney might have been used to hide runaway slavesduring tne Civil :Jar. In the mid 1980's tne owners uncovered old wallsand fireplaces wnich had been covereQ over. They exposeQ second floorceilin~ beams which came from the first mill in 1740.

52 John De Camp House 2101 ~aritan rtd.(corner of Quimby)

A farmhouse of Georgian architecture. This is two houses joinedtogether. The lean-to section of tne older part was built by John DeCamp in about 1735. The lar~er part h?_s a basement of fieldstonere-inforcin~ t~e earth, where a cornerstone witn tae da~e of 1733 wasfound. The well is tee ari~inal. Mucn of ~Ge brick made ri ht on tneproperty. uri;inal ;lass i~ ~,le 5 window li~n~s above 173j aouble­Dutch door. ~any of tae oribinal doors ani hardware remain. Some ofits fireplace heartns ~~ith larGer warming ovens were used to hidecolOnials du~in~ the ~evolution. Visible in basement are hand-hewn oakbeams, hand-eut-nails an~ pegs.

NOTE: Site numbers are keyed to Drawing 2

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HISTORIC FRESERVATION COMMIS3ION

Committee Members: Kurt Eves - ChairmanBetty Lindner - Vice ChairwomanJudy Terry - Recording SecretaryJim :FawcettMarie LeppertBiagio I"lineoVirginia Regenthal

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APPENDIX B

DRAWINGS

BERKELEY HEIGHTS

CLARK

WESTFIELD

MOUNTAINSIDE

EDISON

PLAINFIELD

rn11 0 »~ ::IJ (11o » V)

O. ~ rllzG)~

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~I~~,I!

;1~¥s~j~~;t

8..:<

~

iii"i

WATCHUNG

PLAINFIELD

BERKELEY HEIGHTS

MOUNTAINSIDE

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LEGEND

SINGLE FAMILY HOMES

OFFICE, MULTI FAMILY HOUSINGOFFICE, RESEARCH, MULTI FAMILY HOUSINGRETAIL BUSINESSHIGHWAY BUSINESSOFFICE

INDUSlRY

PUBUC EXISTING

SENIOR CIT1ZEN ZONE

BONUS DENSlTY RESIDENTIAL SINGLEFAMILY HOMES

MULTI FAMILY ZONE

MULTI FAMILY RESIDENCE

COAH BONUS DENSITY SITES

OPEN SPACE

HISTORICAL SITES

MUNICIPAL BUILDINGSA TOWN HALLB POUCE

g:::1} FIRE STATIONS

D RESCUE SQUAD

WESTFIELD

CLARK

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PLAINFIELD

EDISON

BERKELEY HEIGHTS

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LEGENDHAIlE

Amw.o lit loam 3 to 8 pwoent eiop..Amwell dt loam 8 to 15 p.OInt t1op... wry atony""'""-Urban land Aaeoolotlon. mod«Qtely aloplngAquonte."""*,,onijy ftoodedft"deboro ..t loam. 3 to 8 I*"oent .lop..Brcteb~ Urban Land Complo. ~tJy .oplngBoonton ~_ 3 to II p...oent alop..Boonton ~y loom. 8 to 15 P«l*tt eJop..Boonton orawHy loom 15 to 35 percentBoonton - -Ud>on Land - HcI«Ion AnocIatJon. ~tty lIfoplngBoonton - Urbon Land complex. modtf'at.y ..teepCor1J11. - AcIrton mucbDun.n.n .andy lCKtnl. J to 8 '«OInt ..~Dun...., - Urbon Land Complex. _n4tOf1y lewEDunollon - Urllon Lond Complex. mo_oIy olopln9Dunellen - Urban Land Compl"- moct.rotely rieepHoI.cton tit loam. 0 to 3 p«cent .lop..Holodon oItJo...... J to ft per...t 0I~Haledon - Urllon Land - Hoobt'ouck oomplex. lItnUy oIopln9Hoobrouolc olIt loom. 0 to J ........,t ....,..NNhamlny dt 100m. 3 to e percent _lop... .xtrwnely atonyN.....amlDy lit loom. 8 to 15 percent tlopee. .xtnmely atony_omlnjr oIt loom. 15 10 Z5 p t 01_ _ oIy .tony_omlny oIt loom. Z5 to 451> t oIop... _oIy .tonyN..nomlnjr - Urllon Lond Complex. mo_oIy oIopln9HMilonl1lly - Urbon Lond Complex. moderotoly otoepPanlppGnJ-oIt loom. 0 to J per_t olop..P","",,_- Urllon Lond oompl n_y IewlP~pan)t...t loom. 0 to 3 p oent eiopwRCll1lon oIt loom. 0 to J p t ....,..

~-::.%.;;::..'".;~':;':~:;':;'ri~-y1-Tunkhannock grown)' loam. 2f5 to 3S percent .rop..Udln..-to. tI'oquonUy ftoododUdorthenta loam)'UdorthtlAb. orvonlo wbriratumUdorthenu, .me ltUbetrotumUrt>on LondYlhlppan)' alt loom. 0 to 3 p«cent 1Iop.."~on)' dt loom, 3 to 8 p..cent t1op..'Ml~any - Urbon Land Comp'-x. gently aloplng_..

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CLARK

GREEN BROOK IS CLASSIFIED AS FW-2TROUT MAlNlENANCE.N.J.D.E.P., DEC. 1989, CLASSIFICATION

WESTFIELD

LEGEND

ZONE A AREAS Of 100-YR F1.00D; BASE F1.00D ELEVATIONSF1.00D HAZARD FACTORS NOT DETERMINED.

ZONE B AREAS BEl'NEEN UMITS OF 100-YR F1.00D AND 500-YR F1.00D;OR AREAS OF 100-YR. SHAllOW F1.00DING IMlH DEPlH LESS lHAN 1 FOOT.

ZONE C AREAS OF MINIMAl F1.00DlNG. (NO SHADING)

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BERKELEY HEIGHTS

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PF01 Palustrine forested brood-leaved deciduous wetlands

P EM Palustrine emergent wetlands/open waterOW

CLARK

WESTFIELD

Palustrine forested brood-leaved deciduous/scrub/shrubbrood-leaved deciduous wetlonds

LEGEND

PSSl Palustrine scrub/shrub brood-leaved deciduous wetlands

PEM Palustrine emergent wetlands

POW Palustrine open water

R20W Rlverfne lower perennial open water/unknown bottom

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P 5S1 Palustrine brood-leaved deciduous/emergent wetlandsEM

MOUNTAINSIDE

BERKELEY HEIGHTS

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SFPTIC SYSTEMSDRAWING 6

" 00'SCALE: 1 = 24