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Bio DieselPrepared By,

Akhil ramesh S6 AUE

Roll No 3

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What is Bio diesel?Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl of ester fatty acid

made from virgin or used vegetable oils and animal fats. Neat (100%) biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with diesel to create biodiesel blends. Just like diesel, biodiesel operates in compression ignition engine, which essentially requires very little or no engine modifications as biodiesel has properties similar to diesel fuels.

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HISTORY OF BIODIESELRudolf diesel is the German inventor of the diesel

engine, which first ran on peanut oil. His prime model, a single 10-ft iron cylinder with

flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in Germany, on August 10, 1893.

In his remembrance it has been declared as ‘world biodiesel day’.

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PRODUCTIONBase Catalyzed TransestrificationRAW MATERIALS

Vegetable oil must be moisture free , FFA Content should be

<1%. Alcohol

Methanol or ethanol as near to absolute as possible can be used

Catalyst NaOH or KOH can be used Best result when 85% KOH Carbonate should be low

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Contd..CH2OOR1 catalyst CH2OH| |CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OORx + CHOH| |CH2OOR3 CH2OHTriglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel

GlycerinR1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)

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Reaction

Vegetable Oil

BiodieselFA

FAFA

FA

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Other SourcesJatropha

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AdvantagesIt is a renewable source of energyLess emission compared to diesel low CO2

NOx, unburned HC ,sulphur dioxide and less soot deposition

Absence of sulphur increases the life of catalytic convertors

Can be used without any engine modificationThe lubrication effect is higher than of diesel

hence increasing the engine life

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DisadvantagesIt is expensive about 1.5 times than

petroleum diesel but can be reduced by using used vegetable oils

It can damage rubber hoses for some vehicles according to material

Biodiesel cleans the dirt inside the engine but this can deposite at fuel filters and result in clogging . This occurs mainly when biodiesel is used after a period of operation with petroleum diesel

It is not effective in availability as diesel is.

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PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL

Density/Specific Gravity: Biodiesel have 0.88 and diesel has 0.84

Cetane number : have higher than conventional diesel fuel thus increasing combustion efficiency and smoother combustion

Viscosity : it controls the fuel injector size (droplet size, spray characteristics, etc) therefore viscosity should be moderate and should be same as that of diesel

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Contd… Distillation characteristics: they are different from diesel , BP ranges

from 33oo C-3570 C Flash point:The flash point is around 1600C which above the

conventional diesel Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP): The CFPP of biodiesel reflects the

cold weather performance of the engine Cloud point: , it is important for low temperature operations. Biodiesel

generally has a higher cloud point. Oxidation stability: Poor oxidation stability can cause fuel thickening, it

depends upon the feedstock used. Iodine number: it is the amount of iodine required to convert

unsaturated oil into saturated oil. It increases the danger of polymerisation in the engine oil.

Lubricity: it depends on the crude source, additives used Acid number: the acid number reflects the presence of free fatty acids

or acids used in the manufacture of biodiesel. It also reflects the degradation of biodiesel due to thermal effects.

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Indian Specification Of Bio diesel

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Bio Diesel VS Other FuelsDIESEL CNG LNG METHANOL ETHANOL BIODIESEL

_______________________________________________________________________Vehicle cost10 5 5 5 5 10Infrastructure 10 2 5 5 5 10Safety 7 4 3 1 3 8Operating range 10 5 10 10 10 10Operating cost 10 5 7 5 5 7Reliability 10 7 5 3 3 10Customer acceptance 5 8 8 8 9 8Funding assistance 1 10 2 0 2 2Training cost 10 5 5 5 5 10Fuel availability 10 10 5 5 5 6Fuel quality 9 5 10 8 8 9Fuel price stability 6 8 8 6 6 6

TOTAL 98 74 73 61 66 96__

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Vehicles On Bio diesel

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ReferenceAlternative Fuels by S S ThipseFuels and Combustion by V Ganesanwww.biodiesel.orgwww.biodieselmagazine.comwww.greencar.com

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