PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM ...PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR TEXTILE USE Davina 1MICHEL 1J.Y. DREAN , O.HARZALLAH1, B.BACHELIER² 1LPMT/CNRS EAC 7189

PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR

TEXTILE USE

Davina MICHEL1

J.Y. DREAN1, O.HARZALLAH1, B.BACHELIER² 1LPMT/CNRS EAC 7189 –UHA 11 rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX

² CIRAD, Unité de recherché Systèmes de culture annuels, TA B-102/02, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

June 11th, 2013

Laboratory of Textile Physics and Mechanics

LPMT Mulhouse

Mechanics of fibrous materials

Fibers and interface

Physical and Mechanical

properties of coating

Davina MICHEL 1st ICNF,Guimaraes, Portugal

2

Devant

Dos

.

. H01

Tenue pour personnel hospitalier, soignant et libéral

Summary

Introduction to the plant

Fiber extraction process

Mechanical Characterization

Applications

Conclusion & Outlines


3

Introduction to the plant


4

• Saccharum Officinarum from New Guinea

• Family: Poaceae (graminae)

• Introduced in 1493

in Caribbean islands by Cristophus Colombus

• 12 months culture, in tropical area

• Climatic conditions

▫ Sun

▫ Water

▫ Soil element


5

• World production 2012

▫ 1290 million tones of cane stalk

▫ 413 million tones of bagasse

• Production in Martinique

▫ 202 ktons/year

35% sugar mill le Galion

65% alcohol mill (9x)


6

Chemical composition of sugarcane


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Components Sugarcane Bagasse

Cellulose 32-48% 43-45%

Hemicellulose 27-32% 25-27%

Lignin 19-24% 20-22%

Ash 1.4% 2.6%

Hemicellulose, lignin, pectins

Microfibrills Cristallin zone

Amorphous zone

Cellulosic chains

Gap

Bagasse solubility


8

Solubility Bagasse

in water (25°C) 2.05%

in hot water (100°C) 3.4%

In 1% soda (100°C) 31.1%

Extraction method of fibres


9

STEAM EXPLOSION

ENZYMATIC

KRAFT PROCESS

RETTING

MECANICAL EXTRACTION

STRIPPING


10

Bagasse from sugar mill

Crushed cane

Rind cane

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 2N

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 0.1N

Prehydrolisis

NaOH 1N

Chemical Extraction


11

Characterization

Bending Rigidity by using Kawabata single hair tester

Tenacity by using Tensile Dynamometer tester MTS

Scanning electron microscope SEM

Standard conditions 20°C, 65 %HR

1N NaOH 0.1N NaOH

With prehydrolysis

BPS-1N BPD-0.1N

Without prehydrolysis

B-1N B-0.1N

Prehydrolysis Alkaline cooking

Washing


12

• The amount of lignin removed depends of the severity of the treatment

BPS-1N BPD-0.1N

B-0.1N B-1N

1 N NaOH 0.1 N NaOH

With prehydrolysis

Without prehydrolysis

Fiber fineness


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Bagasse fibres Mean Length

(mm)

Fiber fineness

(tex)

BPS-1N fibres 29.8 ± 6.7 32 ± 24

B-1N fibres 37.7 ± 9.9 35.0 ± 21

BPD-0.1N fibres 45.6 ± 16.3 38.7 ± 28

B-0.1N fibres 37.6 ± 9.7 49.0 ± 32

* CV% is over 50% for all treatments

Bending Rigidity


14

KAWABATA KES FB2-SH Tester

Bending Rigidity


15

-0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

-4 -2 0 2 4

-1,5

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

-2 -1 0 1 2

M (

gf.

cm

/cm

) K (cm-1) M

(g

f.c

m/c

m)

Bending Rigidity

Dependency of the bending rigidity with the alkaline concentration

High Bending hysteresis value corresponds to the low elastic recuperation


16

Bagasse fibres Bending rigidity

gf.cm²/fiber bundle

Bending hysteresis

gf.cm/fiber bundle

BPS-1N 0.027 ± 0.03 0.056 ± 0.03

B-1N 0.116 ± 0.122 0.165 ± 0.166

BPD-0.1N 0.190 ± 0.184 0.200 ± 0.151

B-0.1N - -

Tensile properties


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0

2

4

6

8

10

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

Te

na

cit

y c

N/t

ex

Extension %

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4

Te

na

cit

y c

N/t

ex

Extension %

BPS-1N fibers B-1N fibers

Tensile properties


18

Tenacity decreases when the alkaline concentration increases

Extension to break are common to other natural fibers

Bagasse fibres Tenacity

(cN/tex)

Extension to

break (%)

BPS-1N fibres 7 ± 4.4 2 ± 1.3

B-1N fibres 11 ± 6.3 4± 4.3

BPD-0.1N fibres 14 ± 3.8 4± 1.8

B-0.1N fibres 22 ± 11.7 3 ± 1.0

Applications of bagasse


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Panels

Ciment-Bagasse planks and boards

Dietary packeging

Combustible

Composites material

Paper for newspaper

Rayon Pulp

… For clothes?

Yarn from sugarcane bagasse

By classical spinning


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•70% extracted bagasse fibers •30% cotton fiber

4000 Tex

Wet material

Yarn made from sugarcane bagasse


21

810 Tex

Conclusions and Perspectives


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Alkaline concentration most effective parameter

Heterogeneous fibers are obtained

Classical spinning is not adapted

Fibers can be used for technical textile

Improvement of the extraction process

Fiber dimension can be controlled


23

Fondation

Spiegle

Documents

PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM ...PREPARATION OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS FROM SUGARCANE FOR TEXTILE USE Davina 1MICHEL 1J.Y. DREAN , O.HARZALLAH1, B.BACHELIER² 1LPMT/CNRS EAC 7189