Preparaiton of Nitrobenzne

8/16/2019 Preparaiton of Nitrobenzne

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EXPERIMENT NO.3

Preparation of Nitrobenzene

Muhammad

Aleem



EXPERIMENT NO.3Preparation of Nitrobenzene

Apparatus:

• Bolt head fask

• Water Condenser

• Dropping unnel

• Beaker

• !tirrer

• Water Bath

• ilter "aper

•

Bunsen Burner

Chemicas:

• Con#$ !ulphuri# A#id 40 ml

• Con#$ %itri# A#id &' ml

• Ben(ene 2) ml

• Distilled *ater

Ob!ecti"e: +o ,nd .ield o/ nitroen(ene produ#ed$

Chemica Reaction:




Theor#:

+his rea#tion is an eample o/ ele#trophili# sustitution o/

en(ene$ +he nitronium ion atta#ks to the en(ene ring resulting

in the /ormation o/ a #aro#ation$ le#tron releasing sustituents

like -CH&3 -CH&3 -H3 -%H2 et# a#ti5ate the ring and staili(e the

#aro#ation *hile ele#tron *ithdra*ing groups like -%23 -C%3

-!&H3 - a#ti5ate the #aro#ation$ +he nitrating miture o/ #on#$

H2!4 and #on#$ H%& #on nitrate e5en dea#ti5ated #ompounds

like nitroen(ene under refuing #onditions to get m-

dinitroen(ene$ or nitration o/ a#ti5ated aromati# s.stems like

phenol and then ether deri5ati5es3 e5en milder #onditions #an e

used$

Proce$ure:

• +ake &'ml o/ %itri# a#id in a olt head fask$ "ut it in #old

ath and graduall. add #on#$ !ulphuri# a#id *ith #ontinuous

shaking$

•

A/ter adding all the a#id3 add 2) ml o/ en(ene in it *ith#onstant time 1-2ml ea#h time shaking$$

• A/ter adding all the en(ene atta#h it *ith the 5erti#al

#ondenser and heat it in a *ater ath /or 4' minutes$ During

this the temperature should e maintained at 600C$




• When the rea#tion is #omplete3 the a#id la.er and

nitroen(ene la.er is /orms$ Cool it do*n$

• A la.er is /ormed *hi#h separates the nitroen(ene and a#id

*ater la.er$ +hen put the solution in a separating fask and

drain the lo*er part o/ it *hi#h is nitroen(ene$

In$ustria pro$uction of %a&eite: +he /eed #onsists o/ & to 7 H%&3 ') to 67 H2!43 and 28 to&7 *ater$ !ul/uri# a#id is ne#essar. to adsor the *ater andenerg. generated . the heat o/ rea#tion$ +he plant3 *hi#hprodu#es 1'3000 l nitroen(ene9h3 re:uires one or t*o operators

per shi/t together *ith a plant super5isor and part-time /oreman$ +his eothermi# rea#tion is #arried out essentiall. adiaati#all.3 sothat the temperature o/ the /eed stream rises /rom )0C to 1&'0Cat the eit$ ne oser5es that the nitro en(ene stream /rom theseparator is used to heat the en(ene /eed$ Ho*e5er3 #are muste taken so that the temperature ne5er e#eeds 1)0C3 *herese#ondar. rea#tions #ould result in an eplosion$ ne o/ thesa/et. pre#autions is the install -ation o/ relie/ 5al5es that *illrupture e/ore the temperature approa#hes 1)0C3 there.allo*ing a oil-o; o/ *ater and en(ene3 *hi#h *ould drop therea#tor temperature$

Flow Sheet Diagram:




Precautions:

• +he rea#tion is sometimes 5igorous and it is etter to e a /e*

/eet a*a. /rom the eaker *hile adding the H2!4 and until the

rea#tion is #omplete$

• %itroen(ene is highl. fammale at )10 C$

• a#e o/ eaker should not e to*ards the /a#e o/ student e#ause

nitoen(ene is fammale and #ar#inogeni#< #on#entrated nitri#

and sulphuri# a#ids are #orrosi5e$

• =t #an e seriousl. dangerous *hen inhaled$

'afet# Instructions:




• %itroen(ene is highl. toi# >+hreshold ?imit @alue ' mg9m& and

readil. asored through the skin$

• "rolonged eposure ma. #ause serious damage to the #entral

ner5ous s.stem3 impair 5ision3 #ause li5er or kidne. damage3

anemia and lung irritation$

• =nhalation o/ 5apors ma. indu#e heada#he3 nausea3 /atigue3

di((iness3 #.anosis3 *eakness in the arms and legs3 and in

rare #ases ma. e /atal$

• +he oil is readil. asored through the skin and ma. in#rease

heart rate3 #ause #on5ulsions or rarel. death$ =ngestion ma.

similarl. #ause heada#hes3 di((iness3 nausea3 5omiting and

gastrointestinal irritation3 loss o/ sensation9use in lims and

also #auses internal leeding$

Applications:

• It is majorly used for production of aniline.

•

It is also used in rubber and dyes making• One of its indirect uses is explosives production.

References

https99en$*ikipedia$org9*iki9%itroen(ene

http99***$umi#h$edu9elements9/ogler

26gurmen9html901#hap9html9CD-Ch01-%itroBen(ene$pd/

Life itself a quote,

you just have to

think over it.

Muhammad Aleem

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrobenzene

http://www.umich.edu/~elements/fogler%26gurmen/html/01chap/html/CD-Ch01-NitroBenzene.pdf




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrobenzene




Obser"ations an$ Cacuations

Weight of Filter Paper = 1.965 g

Weight of Filter Paper+ Bakelite =47.045 g

Weight of Bakelite = 45.08 g

Documents

Preparaiton of Nitrobenzne