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Prenatal Development and Pregnancy
Signs that May Mean Pregnancy Amenorrhea (Missed menstrual cycle)
Nausea
Tiredness
Frequent urination
Swelling or tenderness of the breasts
Skin discoloration
Internal changes
Signs that Mean Pregnancy Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Hormone produced during pregnancy
Fetal heartbeat
Fetal movement
Fetal image
Fetal shape
Uterine contractions
Motion of the uterus
Typical Pregnancy Facts 38 weeks from the day of conception
40-41 weeks from the mother’s last menstrual period
3 trimesters
1st trimester: 0-13 weeks
2nd trimester: 14-26 weeks
3rd trimester: 27-40 weeks
Who Takes Care of the Mother? Doctors specialize in many different fields of medical
study.
Obstetricians are those who specialize in pregnancy and birth.
The First Visit During the first visit to the obstetrician, the doctor will
do the following things to set a good foundation for the baby: Gather health history
Complete a full physical exam
Lab work
Give an estimate of the due date
Give advice on health habits to follow during pregnancy
Video about the First Visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jThcEjwLri0
Factors that Affect the Baby Three major factors affect the baby’s health
Mother’s Decisions
Mother’s Physical Health
Mother’s Emotional Health
Mother’s Good Decisions Hygiene practices
Have a dental checkup
Avoid very cold or very hot baths and hot tubs
Wear comfortable clothes with low-heeled shoes
Replace tub baths with showers or sponge baths during the last four to six weeks of pregnancy
Rest and sleep
Eight to nine hours of sleep a night
One 15- to 30-minute rest (with or without sleep) during the day
Mother’s Bad Decisions Smoking
Lower the amount of oxygen to baby
Increases the chance of miscarriage
Increases chance of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Drinking
Raise risk for having problems with learning, speech, attention span, language, and hyperactivity.
Increases the risk of miscarriage
Mother’s Physical Health Healthy weight
Good eating habits
Regular physical activity
Avoid contact sports
Helps strengthen muscles used in delivery
Relieves tension
Why is Nutrition Important? The baby completely depends on the
mother for food by the twelfth week.
The baby needs proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins to grow.
Healthy Choices: What to eat during pregnancy Video
Tips:
Drink eight 8 oz. glasses of water per day
Limit your caffeine intake
Mother’s Emotional Health It is important that a woman be in a relaxed and calm
emotional state while pregnant.
When the mother is calm, happy, and relaxed: Adrenaline level is low
Heartbeat and breathing are slow
Muscles are relaxed
When the mother is stressed and has negative emotions: Heartbeat increases in mother and baby
Muscle tension increases in mother and baby
Weight Gain During Pregnancy It is normal to gain between 25-35 lbs during a pregnancy.
If there are multiple births, expect more weight gain.
Too much or too little weight gain can be harmful to the baby’s development.
Sudden weight gain and unusual swelling are serious conditions that require prompt medical attention
Possible Complications Congenital Abnormalities
Physical or biochemical problem that developed during the development of the baby in the uterus.
Follow this hyperlink to learn more
Pre-term Birth
Baby is delivered before Week 37 of pregnancy
Miscarriage
A pregnancy ends on its own within the first 20 weeks of birth
Stillbirth
Fetal death occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy
Other Complications Ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes
Too much amniotic fluid
Too little amniotic fluid
Bleeding in late pregnancy
Placenta abruptio (placenta detaches from uterus)
Placenta previa (placenta over cervix)
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
Monitoring the Baby Mother is given a blood test given at 12 weeks.
This is known as a triple screen:
measures AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), and estriol (protein found during pregnancy)
screens for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and severe abnormalities
Other blood tests screen for STIs and gestational diabetes
Monitoring the Baby Ultrasound produces an image of the fetus inside the
womb checks for structural abnormalities used at any time safe and routine
Monitoring the Baby Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) tests a small sample
of the chorion
Used between weeks 10 and 12
Tests for chromosomal conditions and genetic conditions
Amniocentesis checks amniotic fluid for over 100 congenital problems
cannot be done until the fetus is 15 to 18 weeks old
99% safe