PREMFIRE - Bombeiros Portugueses · • May use other technologies (TETRA, TETRAPOL, UMTS, etc..), ... - PREMFIRE will only be a success in the short-term when fully deployed at SNPC

© Copyright Critical Software SA 2001. All rights reserved

PREMFIRE

Final Presentation, ESRIN, 17 January 2003

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PREMFIRE


AGENDA

! Overview

! Objectives

! Architecture! Reference System

! Field Device System

! Communication System

! Project Main Activities

! Scenarios for Evolution

! PREMFIRE Highlights

! PREMFIRE Business Strategy

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PREMFIRE


OVERVIEW

• An system existing at CNIG (RISE) was the starting point

• Requirements defined by ESRIN/CNIG

• ESA Open Competition tender limited to Portugal

• Project awarded to consortium Critical Software / IGP

• Total budget ~ 180K� ; Total Duration 12 Months

• The PREMFIRE primary final user is SNPC

(Portuguese Civil Protection)

• Aimed at being deployed in other Mediterranean Countries

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To extend the RISE system into the field of operations

OBJECTIVES (1)

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OBJECTIVES (2)

To implement Fire Risk Map Generation features

and an integrated automatic alert system

Central Repository

LANDSAT

NOAA

Automatic Fire-Risk

Alert Messages

MeteorologicalData

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OBJECTIVES (3)

To integrate Wireless communication capabilities

To integrate GIS capabilities

To integrate positioning capabilities

(raster images and vectorial layer)

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ARCHITECTURE

Central Repository

Wireless Communication

Sub-system

LANDSATNOAA

Fire Risk Map

Field Device Sub-system

Re

fere

nce

Sub

-sys

tem

MeteorologicalData

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PREMFIRE


REFERENCE SUBSYSTE M (1)

• Administration Tool " Parameter setting, user management,…

• Fire Risk Maps Generation (FPI)

• Automatic Alert System

• Reference Server (Central Repository)" Stores information required for fire combat and prevention

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REFERENCE SUBSYSTE M (2)

Central Repository

LANDSAT

NOAA

USER

AdministrationTool

FPIConfiguration

FPI Generation andAutomatic Alert

SystemMeteorologicalData

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FIELD DEVICE SUBSYSTE M (1)

• PDA provides " Wireless communication capabilities (based on GPRS),

" Navigation capabilities (based on GPS)

• Cartographic information Download and Visualization

• Emergency Situations Management

• Infrastructures Management

• Reference Server information update

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PDA (Hand Size)

GPS Card(Positioning)

GPRS Card(Mobility)

=

Field Device

+ +

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" Multiple Accesses" Mobility" Positioning" Offline/online modes

Central Repository

WirelessCommunication

System

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CO M M UNICATION SUBSYSTE M (1)

• Modular structure (portability in mind)

• Presently using GPRS or GSM technology

• May use other technologies (TETRA, TETRAPOL,

UMTS, etc..),

• Only dependent of availability of hardware cards for

these alternative technologies

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PREMFIRE


Mobile Phone(infrared link)

Wireless Cards

OR

CO M M UNICATION SUBSYSTE M (2)

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PROJECT M AIN ACTIVITIES

• Users Requirements definition,

• Solution evaluation and specification

• Fire Risk Map methodology definition

• Software development • FPI generation and automatic alert system,

• Administration tool,

• FPI configuration and Field Device application

• Communication System definition and implementation

• System integration

• System transferencePREMFIRE Project

WP-100 - ProjectManagement & Quality

Assurance

WP-200 - Analysis,Design and

Requirements Definition

WP-300 - Fire risk mapsmethodology

WP-400 - SoftwareDevelopment

WP-700 - SystemValidation, Testing and

Review

WP-600 - SystemIntegration and Service

Implementation

WP-500 - Developmentof the telecommunication

testbed

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SCENARIOS FOR EVOLUTION (1)

" Infrastructures Enhancement " Completing the infrastructures set of operations

" Generic module to insert any type of infrastructures

" Enhanced Integration " Migrating the field device software code to C++

" Integrating both field device components

" Communication technologies " Deploy other wireless communication technologies (Tetra, UMTS)

" Portability Enhancement " The GPS coordinates

" The GIS module (adaptable files to allow any coordinate system)

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" Leverage the existing infrastruture into other

application fields" Maritime pollution prevention and combat (e.g. oil spills)

" Natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, volcano, etc..)

" Large event management

" Security (Police, national guard,..)

" Etc…

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Fire Risk Maps" Development of fuel models and respective dead fuel moisture extinction

values, specifically related to forest classes used on land cover maps

available in Portugal

" Utilization/combination of NDVI data from new sensors with spatial

resolution of 1-km or greater

" Identification of the suitable historical period for the acquisition of

maximum and minimum NDVI historical values

" Optimisation of best interpolation methods for 10-hour time lag dead fuel

moisture estimation

" Identification and inclusion of representative human induced variables in

feasible models of fire risk

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PREMFIRE


PRE MFIRE HIGHLIGHTS

1. Mobile system

2. Hand size system

3. Automatic Alert system for fire prevention

4. User-friendly (visual) interfaces.

5. Full-duplex communications (near real-time)

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PREMFIRE


PRE MFIRE BUSINESS STRATEGY

- PREMFIRE is not an END but the BEGINNING- Productize and market PREMFIRE

- Business opportunities to exploit- Commercialize PREMFIRE solution

- Leverage PREMFIRE infrastructure into other domains

- Demonstrate capabilities and know-how through PREMFIRE

- What we have done so far:- Product Image, Commercial Brochure

- Dissemination in Workshops/Conferences

- Presentation to potential customers

- Presentation to potencial integration partners.

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FINAL NOTES

- PREMFIRE will only be a success in the short-term

when fully deployed at SNPC in Portugal.

- PREMFIRE success in the medium/long term should

be measured in terms of new markets and business it

is able to bring to the company.

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PREMFIREPREMFIRE

-- PREMFIRE PREMFIRE --

Prevention and Mitigation of revention and Mitigation of

Fire Hazard in PortugalFire Hazard in Portugal

FIRE RISK MAPS METHODOLOGYFIRE RISK MAPS METHODOLOGY

Final Meeting[ESA - Rome, 17 January 2003]

Mário CaetanoMário CaetanoHugo Hugo CarrãoCarrãoSérgio FreireSérgio Freire

Portuguese Geographic Institute, PortugalPortuguese Geographic Institute, Portugal

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SummarySummary

• Introduction & Goals

• Fire Risk Mapping

• Proposed Methodology & Data Sets

• Verification & Validation

• Conclusions

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GoalsGoals

PREMFIRE:PREMFIRE:

- Project sponsored by European Spatial Agency (ESA)

- Implement forest fire-fighting system in Portugal

1. Prevention and mitigation purposes1. Prevention and mitigation purposes

2. Real2. Real--timetime

3. Field usage3. Field usage

- WP 300: R & D methodology for forest fire risk mapping

The approach is based on the combination of Earth Observation (EO)

information with ancillary data of natural parameters

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Fire Risk:

- Likelihood of fire when there is ignition

Portugal: arson is a very significant cause of forest fires

(arson is very difficult to model, but human activity can be considered)

- Within prevention and pre-supression planning phases

Concepts / DefinitionsConcepts / Definitions

Ideally represented by:

• Single figure• Single figure

• Evaluated daily• Evaluated daily

• Using measured or predicted data• Using measured or predicted data

Viegas, 1997

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Methods employed by the Instituto de Meteorologia (IM):

• Angstrom Fire Index: 1960

• Modified Nesterov Index: 1988

• FFRI: 1994

• FWI: 1998

- Defines risk class by region

- Computed for 60 weather stations

Meteorological indices based on conventional variables

Fire Risk in PortugalFire Risk in Portugal

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To estimate and represent cartographically:

Probability of fire occurrence and potential severity of fire

Different approaches:

• • Time scaleTime scale

• • VariablesVariables

Fire Risk MappingFire Risk Mapping

ShortShort--term: term: DYNAMICDYNAMIC

- Parameters change continuously over time

- Decisions on pre-suppression and suppression activities during fire season

LongLong--term: term: STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL

- Variables do not change in short lapse of time

- More permanent planning of fire-fighting resources

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STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALe.g., Chuvieco, MEGAFiRES, JRC,

FLAMMAP, CRIF, STORMS

Fire Risk Mapping MethodsFire Risk Mapping MethodsFuel TypesTopography

ElevationSlope

AspectSoils

Fire HistoryPopulation

RoadsClimate

...

TemperaturePrecipitation

Relative HumiditySolar Radiation

Wind...

NDVI

NEW APPROACH:ADVANCED or INTEGRATEDADVANCED or INTEGRATED

VEGETATION STATUSVEGETATION STATUS/ STRESS/ STRESS

e.g., NOAA/NESDIS EFPP

METEOROLOGICALMETEOROLOGICALe.g., FWI, FFDI, KBDI, SPI,

PDSI, HAINES

DYNAMICDYNAMICe.g., NFDRS, ICONA, FFRI, FPI

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PREMFIRE: Integrated ApproachPREMFIRE: Integrated Approach

Structural ComponentStructural Component- Based on Chuvieco et al. (1989, 1997) and Aranha and Gonçalves (2001)

Dynamic ComponentDynamic Component (meteorological component and vegetation status (meteorological component and vegetation status component)component)

- Based on Burgan et al., 1998 (Fire Potential Index - FPI)

Both approaches already tested in Mediterranean areas

Useful ProductsUseful Products:

(Daily)

•• Integrated Forest Fire Risk (IFFR) MapIntegrated Forest Fire Risk (IFFR) Map

•• Fire Potential Index (FPI) MapFire Potential Index (FPI) Map

(Yearly)

• • Structural Fire Index (SFI) MapStructural Fire Index (SFI) Map

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PREMFIREPREMFIREIntegrated Forest Fire Risk

Generic flow - chart

UPDATED LAND COVER MAP

URBAN

ROADS

ELEVATION

ASPECT

SLOPE

STRUCTURALINDEX MAP (255-0)

COMBINE

YEARLY

INTEG. FORESTFIRE RISK MAP

(1 - 3)

LIVE FUELRATIO MAP

FRACTIONAL 10-HMOISTURE

NORMALIZE CONVERT TOFRACTION

VEGETATION COMPONENT

10 H FUELMOISTURE MAP

INTERPOLATION

10 H FUELMOISTURE

Temp

Relative Hum.

State of weather

DAILY

METEOROL. COMPONENT

REL. GREENNESSMAP

NDVI MAX. 10-DAYCOMPOSITE

DAILYNDVI

COMPOSITE

HISTORICALNDVI DATA SET

MIN. NDVI

MAX. LIVERATIO MAP

MAX. NDVI

F P INDEXMAP (0 - 100)

FUEL MODEL MAP

DEAD FUEL EXT.MOISTURE %

RECLASSIFY

STRUCTURAL COMPONENT

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URBAN

ROADS

ELEVATION

ASPECT

SLOPE


COMBINE

YEARLY

Integrated Forest Fire RiskGeneric flow - chart

INTEG. FORESTFIRE RISK MAP

(1 - 3)

LIVE FUELRATIO MAP

FRACTIONAL 10-HMOISTURE

NORMALIZE CONVERT TOFRACTION

VEGETATION COMPONENT

10 H FUELMOISTURE MAP

INTERPOLATION

10 H FUELMOISTURE

Temp

Relative Hum.

State of weather

DAILY

METEOROL. COMPONENT

REL. GREENNESSMAP

NDVI MAX. 10-DAYCOMPOSITE

DAILYNDVI

COMPOSITE

HISTORICALNDVI DATA SET

MIN. NDVI

MAX. LIVERATIO MAP

MAX. NDVI

F P INDEXMAP (0 - 100)

FUEL MODEL MAP


RECLASSIFY

STRUCTURAL COMPONENT

LSAT TMNov. 2001

V & V

2001 FIREDATA

BURNT AREAMAP 2001

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Structural Component25-m resolution sample


URBAN

ROADS

ELEVATION

ASPECT

SLOPE


COMBINE

YEARLY

3 Fire Risk Classes: Low, Medium, High3 Fire Risk Classes: Low, Medium, High

Legend

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Fuel Model Map25-m Dead Fuel Moisture of Extinction - Based on Rothermel

Updated Land Cover Map

FUEL MODEL MAP


RECLASSIFY

Legend

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Meteorological Component

DATADATA:

• • TemperatureTemperature

• • Relative humidity Relative humidity

• • State of weatherState of weather ((cloudinesscloudiness and and occurrenceoccurrence

of precipitationof precipitation))

Collected at 2:00 PM

60 weather stations

METHODMETHOD:

1. 1. Compute 10Compute 10--hour hour timelagtimelag dead fuel moisture of dead fuel moisture of

extinction for each station (extinction for each station (FosbergFosberg & Deeming& Deeming, 1971) , 1971)

2. Interpolate across study area (IDW)2. Interpolate across study area (IDW)

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Vegetation Status

NDVI DATANDVI DATA:

• • Maximum historical Maximum historical

• • Minimum historical Minimum historical

• • 1010--day compositesday composites

Obtained from

NOAA-AVHRR imagery

METHOD:

Calculate Maximum Live Ratio Calculate Maximum Live Ratio

& Relative Greenness& Relative GreennessMAX. & MIN. NDVI (JRC, 4.4 Km)

MAX. NDVI MIN. NDVI

NDVI Values

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PREMFIREPREMFIRENDVI 10- Day Composites, 4.4Km

Produced by MVC method from daily NDVI (JRC)

NDVI Values

Composite 1 - June 01Composite 2 - June 01Composite 3 - June 01Composite 1 - July 01Composite 2 - July 01Composite 3 - July 01Composite 1 - August 01Composite 2 - August 01Composite 3 - August 01Composite 1 - September 01Composite 2 - September 01Composite 3 - September 01

Study area

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Maximum Live Ratio Map

Percentage of live fuel load for a given Percentage of live fuel load for a given

pixel when vegetation is at maximum pixel when vegetation is at maximum

greennessgreenness

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Fire Potential Index (FPI) Map550-m resolution sample

4 4 Fire RiskFire Risk Classes:Classes:

•• LowLow

•• MediumMedium

•• HighHigh

•• Very highVery high

FPI Values

July 01July 01July 02July 02July 03July 03July 04July 04July 05July 05July 06July 06July 09July 09July 10July 10July 11July 11July 12July 12July 13July 13July 14July 14July 15July 15July 16July 16July 17July 17July 18July 18July 19July 19July 20July 20

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PREMFIREPREMFIREIntegrated Forest Fire Risk (IFFR) Map

550-m resolution samples

3 3 Fire RiskFire Risk Classes:Classes:

•• LowLow

•• MediumMedium

• • HighHigh

July 01July 01July 02July 02July 03July 03July 04July 04July 05July 05July 06July 06July 09July 09July 10July 10July 11July 11July 12July 12July 13July 13July 14July 14July 15July 15July 16July 16July 17July 17July 18July 18July 19July 19July 20July 20

IFFR Fire Risk Classes

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Verification & Validation

Test Period:Test Period:

2001 Fire season (June - September)

Study Area:Study Area:

Districts: Castelo Branco, Guarda, Viseu,

Coimbra e Bragança

(665 Freguesias; 1 391 000 ha)

Corresponding to LANDSAT WRS 203/32

Selected for occurrence of numerous and large fires

(Approx. 1000 fires and 40 000 ha area burned)

METHOD:METHOD:

Correlation between fire occurrence and

computed indices values

WRS203/32

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RGB 432RGB 432

Burnt Area Map

DATA:

LandsatLandsat 5 TM, 9/04/20015 TM, 9/04/2001

LSAT TMNov. 2001

V & V

2001 FIREDATA

BURNT AREAMAP 2001

RGB 432RGB 432

LandsatLandsat 7 ETM, 11/11/20017 ETM, 11/11/2001

Ignition pointsIgnition points (DGF)(DGF)

METHOD:

Change detection in 2001

(MapUp) &

visual analysis (RGB 743)

11/11/200111/11/200109/04/200109/04/2001

RGB 432RGB 432RGB 432RGB 432

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SFI Fire Risk Classes

Burnt Areas

Structural Fire Index vs. Burnt Area

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Structural Fire Index (SFI)

Structural Fire Index (SFI)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 255

SFI

Are

a (

ha

)

Study Area (ha)

Burnt Areas (ha * 10)

SFI Class Class Area (ha) Class Area (%) Burnt Area (ha) Burnt Area (%) Burnt Area/ Total Area (%)High 678802 67.6 18359 80.0 1.8

Medium 147524 14.7 3119 13.6 0.3Low 178365 17.7 1458 6.4 0.1

Total 1004691 100.0 22936 100.0 2.2

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Fire Density for FPI

Fire Density

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Fire Potential Index (FPI)

Nu

mb

er

Pix

els

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Fir

es

/ P

ixe

ls

Number Pixels * 1000

(Fires/ Pixels)*100 000

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FPI Mean Values Before Fire Days

41.0

42.0

43.0

44.0

45.0

46.0

Days before fire events

Mea

n F

PI

Mean FPI 42.5 42.7 43.0 44.1 44.8

STD 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.2 9.8

Fire Day - 4 Fire Day - 3 Fire Day - 2 Fire Day - 1 Fire Day

FPI Mean Values Before Fire Day

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Fire Density

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 1 2 3 4

Integrated Fire Risk (IFR)

Nu

mb

er P

ixel

s

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Fir

es /

Pix

els

Number Pixels * 10 000

(Fires/ Pixels)*10 000

Fire Density for IFFR

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IFFR Mean Values Before Fire Days

2.50

2.55

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.75

2.80

2.85

2.90

2.95

3.00

Days before fire events

Mea

n I

FF

R

Mean IFFR 2.54 2.56 2.64 2.68 2.86

STD 0.51 0.50 0.48 0.47 0.70

Fire Day - 4 Fire Day - 3 Fire Day - 2 Fire Day - 1 Fire Day

IFFR Mean Values Before Fire Day

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ConclusionsConclusions

• Advanced multi-step method to assess daily forest fire risk

• Integrates proven approaches to combine different data sources

• Yields several fire risk maps and useful products (RG, Max. Live Ratio, etc.)

• Some flexibility concerning data requirements

• Capability to accommodate further improvements

Fuel Models (extinction moisture)

Optimization of best interpolation methods

Identification and inclusion of representative human induced variables

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AknowledgementsAknowledgements

European Space Agency (ESA)

Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC)

Instituto de Meteorologia (IM)

Direcção Geral das Florestas (DGF)

Robert Burgan (USDA Forest Service, USA)

Paulo Barbosa (JRC)

Giorgio Libertà (JRC)

Ana Sebastian (JRC)

José Aranha (UTAD)

This research was funded by ESA under the PREMFIRE project

(ESA Ref. AO/1-3880/01/I-SB).

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-- PREMFIRE PREMFIRE --

Prevention and Mitigation revention and Mitigation

of of

Fire Hazard in PortugalFire Hazard in Portugal

Mário CaetanoMário [email protected]

Portuguese Geographic Institute, PortugalPortuguese Geographic Institute, Portugalwww.www.igeoigeo.pt.pt

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.igeo.pt

Documents

PREMFIRE - Bombeiros Portugueses · • May use other technologies (TETRA, TETRAPOL, UMTS, etc..), ... - PREMFIRE will only be a success in the short-term when fully deployed at SNPC