1

preliminary project design

TU Delft: Technical university of Delft Minor International Entrepreneurship and Development

Client: East Pokot Medical Project (EPMP) Preliminary project design: New Barpello dispensary and Resource Centre

Eileen Raaijmakers (4308778) - Tobias de Haas (4378709) -Martijn van Vliet (4388941) - Thirza Vellekoop (4391276) 30-11-2016

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Introduction Building location

Dispensary Resource Centre ….

Water supply Conclusion

References

2 3 9 12 15 21 24

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Introduction

Inthepreliminaryprojectdesign,thecompoundofthenewBarpellodispensaryandResourceCentrewillbedescribedwithallitsfacilities.ThemapbelowshowsusthepositionofthebuildinglocationwithinBarpello.Thebuildinglocationislocatedatasideroadofthemainroad(B4).Afteranoverviewofthebuildinglocation,thenewBarpellodispensarywithallitsfacilitieswillbedescribed,whereaftertheResourceCentrewithallitsfacilitiesandThewatersupplyofthecompoundwillbedescribed.Atlastaconclusionwillbegivenwheretwopossibleoptionsforthedivisionoffacilitiesonthecompoundwillbegiven.

Barpello primary school Barpello nursery

Mission

Church

Barpello dispensary

Chief’s office

Barpello centre

Barpello high school

Distance to Barpello centre: 1,5 KM Distance to Barpello centre by road: 2,0 KM

500m

Figure1:OverviewBarpellowiththebuildinglocation

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Building location

Togiveapreliminarydesignofallthefacilitiesonthecompoundourfirsttaskwastocreateaclearoverviewofthebuildinglocation.Inordertocreatethisoverview,weusedanapplicationcalledOsmAndMaps.Withinthisapplicationwewereabletosavethecoordinatesofimportantresourceswithinornearbythebuildinglocation.Thesecoordinatesarelocatedonamapofthebuildinglocation,whichcanbefoundonthenextpage.Thetotalsizeofthebuildinglocationis10.8hectares.Thebuildinglocationcanbedividedintotwosides.TheleftsidewillbethelocationforthenewBarpellodispensaryandtherightsidewillbethelocationfortheResourceCentre.Thesebuildingsneedtobeonseparatespacesinthebuildinglocation.Forallotherfacilitiesneededisnotlocatedanyspaceyet.Tillthismomenttherearelocated11houses(huts)and2ironsheethouseswithinandnearbythebuildinglocation.Thefamiliesthatarelivinginthishousesaregivenacompensationtomovetoanotherplace.Accordingtothestakeholderanalysisthesefamilieswillnotcauseanyproblemsaslongastheygettheircompensation.

The2ironsheethouseswillbeusedasastorageortemporarydormitoryforthestaff.ThismeansthatthelocationsofthesehousescannotbeusedasbuildingsiteforthedispensaryorResourceCentre.TheEPMPhasdeterminedtheborderstogetherwiththeElders.Everycornerislocatedatatreethathassomestoneslayingunderit.Becausethebordersaresetatsometreesandallfamiliesinandnearbythebuildinglocationwillmove,thereisthepossibilitytogathersomemorespaceatthesidestotheroadandtherivers.Atthetopandbottomthebuildinglocationisinbetweentwoseasonalrivers.Withinthebuildinglocationitselfaresomeseasonalstreamswhicharelocatedonthemap,theredareainthemapshowsanareawherealotofsmallstreamsanduneventerrainislocated.Itisgoodtokeepatleastsomedistancefromtheseasonalriversandstreams.Thesidesofriversandstreamscanbecomeloosewhenalotofwaterwillflowthroughtheriver.Themapofthebuildinglocationisincludedwithicons,alegend,ascaleandacompass.Theplacesthataresuitableforbuildingwillallbedescribedwiththeirsizeandpossibilities,togetherwiththeirprosandcons.

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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Figure2:Mapofthebuildinglocation

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1

2

Size:6820m2 Possibilities:Barpellodispensary

Size:2810m2 Possibilities:Barpellodispensary&ResourceCentre

+Accessibillity+Flat+Largesurface

-Muchvegetation-Outsideofsetborders

+Ironsheethouse(storage)+Littlevegetation+Flat+Open

-Closetotheriver-Outsideofsetborders-Notaccessiblebycar

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3

4

Size:930m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

Size:1050m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

+Flat+Deadvegetation

+Lowvegetation+Littlevegetation+Flat+Open

-Muchvegetation-Manyrocks-Smallsurface-Notaccessiblebycar

-Bigtreeinthemiddle-Twotermitehills-Manyrocks-Notaccessiblebycar

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5

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Size:1780m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

Size:1090m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

+Treegroupattheside+Lowvegetation+Littlevegetation+Flat+Open

+Littlevegetation+Flat+Open

-Outsideofsetborder-Notaccessiblebycar

-Closetobigseasonalstream-Notaccessiblebycar

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7

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Size:1660m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

Size:2780m2 Possibilities:ResourceCentre

+Open+Onepartnovegetation+Onepartlittlevegetation+Flat+Almostnorocks

+Treegroupattheside+Open+Flat+Littlevegetation+Largesurface

-Partlyoutsideofsetborders-Notaccessiblebycar

-Partlyoutsideofsetborders-Notaccessiblebycar

9 Figure3:Descriptioncurrentdispensary

Dispensary

TheBarpelloHealthUnit(newdispensary)whichisgoingtobebuiltissupposedtobebiggerandhavemorefacilitiesthantheolddispensary.Tobeabletomakeasummaryofrequirementsandrecommendationsforthenewdispensary,firstanoverviewofthefunctionsofthecurrentdispensaryhasbeenmade,ascanbeseenbelow.

- Testing(oncommondiseases)- Simplemedicaltreatments- Prescribinganddispensingmedication- Referring- Supportwithchildbirth- Immunization- Mobileclinics- Healtheducation

Thecurrentdispensaryconsistsoftwoparts,withaseparateward,storage,kitchenandtoilet.Adivisionoftheroomsandpurposesinthebuildingsofthecurrentdispensarycanbeseenbelow.Thenewdispensaryshouldatleastfacilitateforthefunctionsofthecurrentdispensary.AfterdiscussingwithmisterMatasyo(thearchitectwhowilldesignthenewdispensary),TeamPokot(thearchitecturestudentswhoworkattheResourceCentreproject)andtheEPMP,amorespecificsummaryofrequirementsandrecommendationsofsomepartsofthedispensarywascreated.Inthissummaryalsotheresultsoftheneedsassessmentareconsidered.

Current dispensary

Dispensarymainpart1• Office• Deliveryroom• Administration• Storage

Dispensarymainpart2• Laboratory• Counsellingroom• Treatmentroom• Drugstorage

Otherfacilities• Roundhouse1:Ward• Roundhouse2:Storage• Kitchen• Toilets

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Requirements and recommendations new dispensary BuildinggeneralThedispensarywillbebuiltataneasilyaccessiblelocationatthebuildingsite.Itshouldbeaccessiblebycar,sotheambulancescanreachthedispensary.Tobesurethebuildinglocationwillalwaysbeaccessiblebycar,itwillprobablybeneededtoimprovethesideroadtothebuildinglocation.Thisroadcrossesaseasonalriveratarelativelydeeppoint.Ifthereiswaterinthisriver,somekindofabridgewillbeneededtocrosstheriveratthispoint.Anotherwaytoinsureaccessibilityistocreateanotherentrancewaytothedispensary.Atthismomentthereareplanstobuildaroad,whichwillconnectthebuildinglocationtothemission.Fromthemission,thereisaroadthatcrossestheriveratalessdeeppoint.Thiscouldbetheback-upentrancetothedispensaryforcars.Thereisnoshortageofbuildinggroundatthelocation.Therefore,itisbesttobuildasinglestorybuilding.Comparedtoamulti-storybuilding,thisisalsoacheaperandeasiertobuild.Besidesthat,amulti-storybuildingwouldneedanelevatororrampfordisabledorsickpeopletoreachtheupperfloor.Thesewouldberelativelyexpensiveadditionstothebuilding.FacilitiesAccordingtotheresultsoftheneedsassessment,thefacilitiesforchildbirtharenotenoughinthecurrentdispensary.Theonlyavailablefacilityisthedeliveryroom.Aplaceforwomentostayjustbeforegoinginlaborandafterthebabyhasbeenborn,amaternityward,wouldbeanecessaryadditiontothechildbirthfacilities.AgrowingprobleminBarpelloisprematurebirths,mainlycausedbyunderagedwomengettingpregnantwhiletheirbodiesarenotreadytogivebirthyet.Inthecurrentdispensary,therearenotyetanyfacilitiestotakecareofprematurelybornbabies.

AnotherregularprobleminBarpelloislossofbloodduringdelivery.Currently,allthewomenwhosufferfrombloodshortageneedtobereferredtoahospital.Ifbloodtransfusionswouldbepossibleinthenewdispensary,thiswouldsignificantlydecreasethenumberofreferrals.Ifmorefacilitieswillbepresentatthedispensary,thiswillresultinlessreferralstohospitals.Thiswouldbeusefulbecauseitsavesthepatientsmoneyiftheydon’tneedtogotohospital.Also,theambulanceswillbepresentinBarpellomoreiflesspeoplehavetobetransportedtohospitals.RoomsDoorsofallroomsshouldbeatleastwideenoughtoallowapersonwithawheelchairtoenter.Alsothesizeofstretchersandmovablebedsneedstobetakenintoaccountwhendeterminingthedoorwidth.Accordingtoguidelinesbythegovernment,everyroominthedispensarymusthaveasink(forcleaninghands).Foreasiestdrainingofthewastewater,itisbesttoplacethesinksinsidetherooms,butattheexteriorwallsofthebuilding.Thatwaythepipescangooutsideofthebuildingstraightaway.Nexttothemainbuildingofthenewdispensary,afacilitywiththewardswillbebuilt.Allpatientswillbereceivedinthemainbuilding.Iftheyneedtobeadmitted,theywillbebroughttothewardsthroughabackdoor.Thiswillimprovethequietnessandprivacyforadmittedpatients.Nexttothenormalmenandwomenwards,thisbuildingwillalsocontainadeliveryandmaternityward,staffroomandabedroomforthenurseonduty.

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Thewardscanhostmultiplepeople.Asaroughguidelinefortheamountofbedsinthewards,fourbedsinthemenwardandeightinthewomenwardcanbeused.Inthewomenwardthereneedtobemorebeds,becausechildrenwilloftenbeplacedinthewomenward.Ifaseparatepediatricunitistobeintegratedinthenewdispensary,thisneedstobesomewhatseparatedfromtheotherpatientsandrooms,followingtheguidelinesofthegovernment.ToiletsBytheEPMPtherequestforflushingtoiletsinsidethebuildinghadbeenmade.Thesetoiletswouldbeespeciallyforthestaffofthedispensary.However,becauseofthewaterproblemsinBarpello,itmightbeadvisablenottouseflushingtoiletsinthedispensary.Iftoiletsareneededinsidethebuilding,forexampleforimmobilepatients,anoptionwouldbetousesomekindofdrytoilets.KitchenFoodneedtobeprovidedforstaffandpatientsofthedispensary.Forhygienicreasons,itisbestnottohaveakitcheninthedispensary.Aseparatebuildingwillbeneededasakitchen.Becauseofthesmokecreatedbycooking,thegeneralwinddirectionneedstobetakeninconsiderationwhendeterminingtheplaceofthekitchen.StorageAdrugstorageisneeded,preferablywithinthedispensarybuilding.Thisstoragewillbeaccessedoften,soitshouldbeeasilyaccessible.Thebestplaceforthedrugstoragewouldbeinthedispensingroom,becausemostmedicationwillbeusedinthisroom.Generalstoragecanbeinsidededispensary,butthisisnotabsolutelynecessary.Aseparatebuildingclosetothedispensarywillsufficeasstorage.However,ifthestorageisplacedinsidethebuilding,accessibilityhastobetakenintoaccount.Forexampleaccessingthestorageshouldnotdisturbpatientsorstaff.

StaffhousesAtthecurrentdispensary,thereareseveralhousesforstaffmembersclosetothedispensary.Thesestaffmemberswillstayinthesehouseswhenthenewdispensaryistakeninuse.Thenewroad,whichwillbeconstructedbetweenthebuildinglocationandthemission,willprovideeasyaccesstothedispensaryforthesestaffmembers.Thenewdispensarywillneedmorestaffthanthecurrentdispensary,soeventuallynewstaffhouseswillneedtobebuilt.Thesenewstaffhousescanbebuilton,orclosetothecompoundofthenewdispensary.Becausesomestaffmembersmightfeeluncomfortabletoliveonthecompoundofthedispensary,atleastafenceandsomeopenspaceshouldseparatethedispensaryandthestaffhouses.IncineratorandplacentareceiverThedispensarywillneedamedicalincinerator.Thisisaplacetoburnthewasteofthedispensary.Becausenotallmedicalwastecanbeburned,suchasneedles,thereshouldbeaholeunderneaththisincinerator.Afterburning,alltheremainswillbedepositedinthishole.Ontopoftheincineratorachimneywillbebuilttoguidethesmoke.Forplacementoftheincineratorthegeneralwinddirectionneedstobeconsidered.Thesmokeshouldnotbeblowntothebuildingsinthearea.Atthedispensaryaplacetodepositplacentaswillbeneeded.This“placentareceiver”canconsistofjustadeepholecoveredbyalid.Currentlyanoldpitlatrineisusedasaplacentareceiveratthedispensary,butforhygienicreasonsitisbesttocreateaseparatetoiletandplacentareceiver.

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Resource Centre Everyonewehavespokentointheprocessofdoingtheneedsassessment(focusgroupdiscussions,keyinformantinterviewsandinformalinterviews),confirmedthereisstillaneedfortheResourceCentre.TheviewsonthepurposeandusageoftheResourceCentrehoweverweredifferentforsomepeople.InthischapterwetriedtocombinealltheseopinionsandadvicesintosomeclearrequirementsorrecommendationsfortheResourceCentreingeneralandcertainrooms.ResourceCentregeneralAtfirst,itseemsusefultokeepalltheroomsintheResourceCentreasmultifunctionalaspossible.Forexample,ifafteroneyearitturnsoutthelibrarywasnotagoodadditiontothecentre,itshouldbepossibletoeasilychangethepurposetosomethingelse.Anideawhichwasputforwardseveraltimes,istheprincipleofa“skillscentre”.Thisskillscentreshouldconsistofthefacilitiesandinstructorstoteachpeoplecertainincome-generatingskills,forexamplesewingorcarpentry.Totryifthisprinciplewouldbesuccessful,itcouldstartwithoneroomintheResourceCentre,withthefacilitiesandaninstructorforoneskill.Ifitturnsouttobesuccessful,inthefuturethe“skillscentre”mightgetaseparateskillsbuildingtoteachmultipledifferentskills.AnothergeneralideaforapurposeoftheResourceCentreisthe“counsellingservice”.Thisservicecouldforexampleprovideadviceandinformationtopeoplewhowanttostarttheirownbusiness.ThisservicewouldnotneedaseparatespaceintheResourceCentre,butcouldbelocatedinoneoftheotherroomsofthecentre,forexamplethelibrary.Theliteraturewhichwillbepresentinthelibrarycouldalsobeusedforthispurpose.

OnaregularbasemultipledayseminarswillbeorganisedattheResourceCentre.Toallowpeoplewhocomefromfartoattendthisseminars,accommodationwillbeneeded.TemporarilythiscanbedonebyplacingmattressesontheflooroftheResourceCentre,buteventuallysomekindofdormitorieswillbeneededatthecompound.RoomsintheResourceCentre(asdefinedbyTeamPokotin2012)ConferenceroomTheconferenceroomwouldbeusedforseminars,workshopsandteaching.Additionalpurposesmentionedintheneedsassessmentarestakeholdermeetings,communityritualsandgovernmentalmeetings.Theproposedcapacityof100peopleisfineformostofthesepurposes.Theoccasionalmeetingswhichwillattractmorethan100peoplecouldstillbeorganizedinthechurch.StorageTheproposedstorageof10m2willbeenoughforstoringtheequipmentforworkshops,seminarsandthelibrary.Foodcanalsobestoredinthisstorage.AslongastherearenopermanentdormitoriesattheResourceCentre,loosemattresseswillbeusedtoaccommodatepeoplewhoattendamultipledayseminarandlivefaraway.Whentheyarenotused,thesemattressesneedtobestoredsomewhere.Dependingontheamount,the10m2storagemightjustorjustnotbeenough.Ifitwon’tbeenough,eitherthestorageintheResourceCentrecouldbeexpended,oranexternalstoragecouldbebuild.

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LibraryThemainpurposeofthelibrarywouldbethestudyplacefortwentypeople.Thechiefconfirmedtheneedforstudyplaces.Mostpeopledon’thavelightsathome,sotheyarenotabletostudyintheevening.Thestudyplacesinthelibrarywouldenablethemtostudymore.However,itisnotsurethepeoplearemotivatedenoughcometothelibrarytostudybythemselves.Also,soonanewlibrarywillbeopenedattheBarpelloSecondarySchool.Thefacilitiesofthisnewlibraryarenotexactlyknownyet,butwillprobablyincludestudyplaces.TomakeafinaldecisionontheneedofalibraryintheResourceCentre,itfirsthastobesureifthelibraryinthesecondaryschoolcanbeusedbyeveryone(orjustbystudentsoftheschool)andifitwillbeopenedduringholidays.AusefuladditiontotheinventoryofthelibrarymightbeasetofmanualstypicallywrittenforthePokotregion,forexamplethebasicsonstartingabusinessorcreatingyourownwatersource.Aseparatecomputerroomwasmentionedinthe2012report,butcomputerscouldalsobeincludedinthelibrary.Therearesomespecificrequirementsthatneedtobemettoensureagooduseofthecomputers.

• Areliableinternetconnectionisneededtohaveanybenefitsfromthecomputers.ThisisnotyetavailableinBarpello.Onlyamobileorsatelliteinternetconnectionispossible,whichisexpensiveandslow.

• MostpeopleinBarpellohaveneverworkedwithacomputerandtheinternetbefore.Guidanceandtrainingwillbenecessaryforpeopletobeabletouseitproperly.

• Themainpurposeofthecomputerswillbeeducational,foraccesstoknowledge.Restrictionsmightbenecessarytoensurethispurposewillbemet.

OfficeTheofficeintheResourceCentreisstilldeemednecessary.Onesisterofthe“IncarnateWordSisters”willbetheadministratoroftheResourceCentre.Thissisterwillbesupportedinmanagingthecentrebyseverallocalpeople,preferablytwomenandtwowomen.Thesepeoplewillbethemainusersoftheoffice.Asizewhichfitsfourtosixpeopleseemsfineasaworkplacefortheadministratorofthecentreandtoholdsmallmeetings.NecessarysupportingroomsoutsideoftheResourceCentre(asdefinedbyTeamPokotin2012)KitchenThekitchenisneededtoprovidefoodforvisitorsandstaff.ThiskitchenshouldonlybeusedfortheResourceCentre.Itcannotbeusedbythedispensary,becausetheResourceCentreandthedispensaryshouldactastwocompletelyindependentfacilities.Whendecidingthefinallocationofthekitchen,thegeneraldirectionofthewindneedstobeconsidered.Inthiskitchenfirewoodwillbeusedforcooking.Thesmokeofthisfireshouldnotbeblowninthedirectionofbuildingsonthecompound,topreventinconvenience.ToiletsPitlatrineswillsufficeastoiletsforthedispensary.Whenbuildingpitlatrines,thedistanceto(potential)waterpointshastobetakenintoaccount.Thepitlatrinescannamelypollutethegroundwater.ThetoiletsofthedispensaryandtheResourceCentreneedtobeseparatedcompletely.IfpeoplewhovisittheResourceCentrehavetousethesametoiletsasthe“sick”peoplefromthedispensary,itmightscarethemawayfromusingthetoilets.

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OutdoormeetingplaceOutsideoftheResourceCentre,ameetingplaceshouldbecreated.Thiscouldbeusedasasocialarea,wherepeoplecanmeeteachother.Ifitissetupinacertainway,itcouldalsobeanadditional“conferenceroom”iftheweatherisnice.Agroupofbigtreescouldbeagoodspotforsuchameetingplace,becausetheyprovidesomeshadow.

IncineratorToburnthewasteoftheResourceCentreinacontrolledway,anincineratorwillbeneededatthecompound.Thiscanbeasimpleconstructionofstonesandconcrete,withachimneytoguidethesmoke.Forplacementofanincinerator,thegeneralwinddirectionhastobeconsidered,justlikeforthekitchen.

Figure4:PreliminaryplanoftheResourceCentre

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Water supply

Thischapterwilldiscussthewatersupplythatneedstobeavailableonthecompound.Thewatersupplywillhavetoforeseeintwopurposes.Thefirstpurposeistohaveawatersupplyforfacilitiesonthecompound,whichisthefirstgoalofthePokotWaterProject.ThesecondgoalistocontributeinasolutionforthewaterproblemwithinBarpellosub-location.Thefirstgoalistoforeseeinawatersupplysystemforallthefacilitiesonthecompound.Becauseyoudon’twanttoloseanywaterthatfallsinBarpello,arainwaterharvestingsystemisamustfortheroofsoftheHealthUnitandResourceCentrewithallthefacilities.ArainwaterharvestingsystemshasaccordingtoMartinson&Thomas(2007)certainrequirementsfortheroof,layout&guttering,filteringandseparationandforthetank.Requirementsfortheroofarethatisshouldbeeasytoconnectthegutterstotherooforfixingitundertheroof.Alsoitshouldkeepthewaterfreeofcontamination.Choosingforgalvanisedironsheetswillpreventthisforhappeningandfurthermorethegalvanisedironsheetshasasmoothsurfaceandwillforeseeinexcellentwaterquality.Byhightemperatureitwillevensterilisebacteria.

Thelayout&gutteringshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythatitfirstcatchestherun-offandthenwillcarrythewatertothestorage.BecausetheResourceCentrehasaroofwithonlyaslopedownwards,itispreferredtoputthetankinthemiddleoftheroof.Itisalsopossibletoputthetankattheendofthegutter(figure5.1).

IftheHealthUnitisgoingtohaveafrontandbackroofthefollowingthreesystemsshouldbeconsidered(figure5.2)Thissystemcollectswaterfrombothsidesoftheroof.Fortheseoptiontherearelesstanksbutmoregutteringneeded.Becauseithastocombinebothsidethetankcanbelocatedalargedistancefromthefacility.Withinthissystemtherainwaterwillbecollectedatthemiddleofbothsidesofthefacility.Itisthebestwaytocollecttherainwater,butitmayblockentrancesorwindows.Evenmoreitisimpossibletoconnectthistankstogetherincaseofoverflowing.Thissystemcontainsawatertankatthesideofeverygutter,ascanbeseeninphase1and2.Phase3showshowtherecanbeconnectedmultipletanksincaseofoverflowing.Thesearethreepossibilitiesonhowtankscanbeconnectedtothegutters.Becauseyoudon’twanttoloseanyrainwaterinPokotitisrecommendedtoaddextratanksforoverflowingattheResourceCentreandHealthUnitascanbeseenin‘phase3’.

Figure5.1SomecommonDRWHsystemlayouts(Martinson&Thomas,2007)

Figure5.2SomecommonDRWHsystemlayouts(Martinson&Thomas,2007)

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Ifthewaterisgoingtobeusedfordrinking,therearesomerequirementsforfilteringandseparation.Becausebeforedrinkingdiversion,filteringorseparationisrequired.Bydiversionthewaterthatisdirtywilljustbethrownaway.Filteringwillleadtoholdingbackofthedirt,sothismeansitshouldbecleanedwhenitisjammed.Withseparationthedirtywaterisseparatedfromthecleanwater.Filteringthewaterbeforeitentersthetankisrecommended,becausethechangeofinsectsandbacteriabreedingdecreases.Alsothetankdoesnothavetobecleanedveryoftenandwhenyouhavetocleanthetankitiseasy,becausethereisnotalotofdirt.Itisimportanttoputthefilterinaplacewhereblockagesatthefiltercaneasilybeseen.Wheretoputthefiltercanbedistractedfromtable1.Atlasttherearerequirementsforthetankswheretherainwaterwillbestored.Firstofall,thereshouldnotbeanexcessivelossthroughseepageorevaporation.Aguidelineforanexcessivelossislessthan5%fromthedailydemand.Furthermore,thetankshouldbesafeofpeoplefallingin.Atlastthetankshouldbecoveredandventilated.Itisimportanttocoverthetank,becauseitwillblockthelightfromenteringandfromtheintrusionofmosquitos.Ventilationwillpreventagainstanaerobicdecomposition. Table1:Prosandconsofdifferentfilterpositions(Martinson&Thomas,2007)

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NowtherequirementshavebeendiscusseditisimportedtofindoutoftherainwaterharvestingsystemwillbeenoughforthedemandoftheHealthUnitandResourceCentre.Therefore,theamountofrainwaterthatcanbeharvestedandthedemandofwaterneedstobecalculated.Theamountofrainwatercanbecalculatedforeachmonthusingthefollowingformula:

𝑄 = 0,85×𝑅×𝐴Q=quantity[litres/month]R=rainfall[mm/month]A=Roofsurface[m2]TherainfallofeachmonthinTiatysub-countyisshowninthechartbelow.ItcanbeassumedthattherainfallinTiatysub-countyisaboutthesameorevenmorethantherainfallinBarpelloitself,whichislocatedinTiatysub-county.Multiplesourceshavetoldusthattherainisbecominglessandlesseveryyear,becauseofthistrendwewillonlyusetherecentdatafrom2015and2016.Fromtheseyearstheaveragewillbetaken.

ThesurfacesoftheroofoftheResourceCentreisapproximately300m2.FortheHealthUnitthesurfaceoftheroofwillapproximatelybe320m2.InordertocalculatethewaterdemandoftheHealthUnitandResourcesallactivitieswithuseofwaterhavebeenaddinthecalculation.WaterintheHealthUnitisusedforCheck-ups&Hospitalizationofpatients,thestaff,cleaninganddoinglaundry.WithintheResourceCentrewaterwillbeusedforvisitorsofone-dayormore-dayseminars,thestaffandforcleaning.Theseactivitiesarenotincludedgivingwatertothecommunity,whichisacontributiontogoal2.Forthecalculationsestimationshavebeenmadeforthepurposesofgoal1.Thequantityoftherainwaterthatcanbeharvestedandthewaterdemandofthefacilitieswillbothbepresentedasatotalamountperyear,butalsoasanaveragepermonth.Theresultswillbeseparateandtogetherforthefacilities.ThisisbecauseitcanbeapossibilitytopipewaterfromtheHealthUnittotheResourceCentreorfromtheResourceCentretotheHealthUnitifnecessary.

Figure6:RFEforTiatysub-county(NDMA,2016)

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Calculations CalculationoftheamountofrainwaterthatcanbeharvestedbytheroofoftheResourceCentreusingtheaveragerainfallover2015-2016inTiaty:𝑄+,- ∶ 0.85×38.5×300 = 9,817.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄:;< ∶ 0.85×5×300 = 1,275𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄>,? ∶ 0.85×11×300 = 2,805𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄@A? ∶ 0.85×167×300 = 𝟒𝟐, 𝟓𝟖𝟓𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄>,G ∶ 0.85×101×300 = 25,755𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄+H- ∶ 0.85×78.5×300 = 20,017.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄+HI ∶ 0.85×65×300 = 16,575𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄@HJ:0.85×17.5×300 = 4,462.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄M;A:0.85×21×300 = 5,355𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄NOP ∶ 0.85×32.5×300 = 8,287.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄QRS ∶ 0.85×63.5×300 = 16,192.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄T;O ∶ 0.85×34.5×300 = 8,797.5𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 ___________________+𝑄U;VRH?O;W;-P?; = 161,925𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ:161,92512

= 13,493.75𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ

CalculationoftheamountofrainwaterthatcanbeharvestedbytheroofoftheHealthUnitusingtheaveragerainfallover2015-2016inTiaty:𝑄+,- ∶ 0.85×38.5×320 = 10,472𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄:;< ∶ 0.85×5×320 = 1,360𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄>,? ∶ 0.85×11×320 = 2,992𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄@A? ∶ 0.85×167×320 = 𝟒𝟓, 𝟒𝟐𝟒𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄>,G ∶ 0.85×101×320 = 27,472𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄+H- ∶ 0.85×78.5×320 = 21,352𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄+HI ∶ 0.85×65×320 = 17,680𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄@HJ:0.85×17.5×320 = 4,760𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄M;A:0.85×21×320 = 5,712𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄NOP ∶ 0.85×32.5×320 = 8,840𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄QRS ∶ 0.85×63.5×320 = 17,272𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑄T;O ∶ 0.85×34.5×320 = 9,384𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 ___________________+𝑄c;,IPde-fP = 172,720𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ:172,72012

= 14,393.33𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ

𝑄WRgARH-h:161,925 + 172,720 = 334,645𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ:334,64512 = 27,887.1

𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ

19

WaterdemandResourceCentreDailyactivities # L TotalStaff 5 20 100Cleaning 1 20 20 +Total 120 L/dayWeeklyactivities #/week #people L TotalOne-dayseminars 2 50 5 500 L/weekMonthlyactivities days/month #people L TotalMoredayseminars 2 100 20 4000 L/month

Yearlydemand 117680 L/yearMonthlydemand 9807 L/month

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑: 117680 + 240240 = 357920𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ:35792012 = 29,826.67

𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ

WaterdemandHealthUnitActivities #/day L/day TotalCheckups 30 5 150Hospitalization 12 20 240Staff 10 20 200Cleaning 1 30 30Laundry 1 40 40 +Total 660 L/day

Yearlydemand 240240 L/yearMonthlydemand 20020 L/month

Figure7:Calculationsofwaterdemandfromthefacilitiesonthecompound

20

TheresultsaregivenfortheHealthUnit,theResourceCentreandfortheCompoundinLiters/Month.Theamountstakenaretheaveragespermonth.Thiscanbeabitmisleading,becauseabigpartofthewaterisonlyfallinginaprilandmayduringthewetseason.Inordertoreachthisaveragesalltherainwatershouldbecollectedinthatperiod.

TheresultsshowthatrainwaterharvestingfortheResourceCentreshouldbeenoughtofacilitatethebuildingwithitsfacilitiesandevenhaveasurplusofmorethan3,500Litrespermonth.FortheHealthUnititshowsthatthereisashortageofmorethan5,500litresiftheyonlyrelyonrainwaterharvesting.BecauseoftherequirementthatthetwobuildingsshouldbebuiltcompletelyseparateitcanbedifficulttotransportthesurplusoftheResourceCentre.AnotherworryisthatifthereisaprolongeddroughtthesurplusoftheResourceCentrewillbegoneaswell.

Iftheaveragesof2015-2016willstaylikethisanditispossibletotransportwaterfromtheResourceCentretotheHealthUnit,itmeansthatthecompoundwithallitsfacilitieshasashortageofalmost2000literspermonth.Thisshowsusthatonlyrainwaterharvestingwillnotforeseeinthedemandofthecompound,thereisaneedforanother(reliable)watersource.Ithastobealongtermsustainablesolution,whichcancontain1or2watersupplysystemsinadditionstotherainwaterharvesting.Possiblesolutionsforareliablewatersourceareaborehole,pandam,sanddam,sub-surfacedam,creatingasidestreamfromtheriverandusingthestreamwithinthecompound.Thesepossibilitieswillbeexplainedasconceptsinafuturereport.ThesecondgoalistocontributetoasolutionforthewaterprobleminBarpellosub-location.Afirstoptiontocontributetoasolutionforthisproblemistoprovidewatertothecommunity.Thisideacanonlybeimplementedifthereisareliablesourceofwateronthecompound.AsecondoptiontocontributetoasolutionforthisproblemistousetheResourceCentre.TheResourceCentrecanbeusedas(water)learningcentreforthePokotcommunity.TheResourceCentrecanteachthepeoplebygivingseminarsandworkshops.AlsotheCentrecanhelpthecommunitybygivingthempersonaladviceorlending/sellingthemusefultools,sotheycanmaketheirownwatersource.TheCentrecanalsoshowthecommunitywithhome-sizeexampleshowtheycanmakeandmaintaintheirownwatersource.Atthesametime,itshowsthepeoplethatthissourcesreallywork.Thesehome-sizeexamplesareforexample,anironsheethouseandapandamonhouseholdsize.Atthesametimethesehouseholdsizesystemswillforeseeinawaterquantityforthecompound.Thissecondgoalwillbedescribedindetailwithinthecontinuationplan.

ResourceCentre HealthUnit

Averagequantitypermonth 13493 Averagequantitypermonth 14393Averagedemandpermonth 9807 - Averagedemandpermonth 20020 -

3686 Litres -5627 Litres

Compound

Averagequantitypermonth 27886Averagedemandpermonth 29827 -

-1941 Litres

Figure8:Resultsofthewaterdemandcomparedtothequantityofrain

21

Conclusion Inordertoconcludethepreliminaryprojectdesigntherewillbegiventwopossibleoptionshowthecompoundcanbedivided,consideringalltherequirementsandrecommendationsmade.Thecompoundwillbeconnectedwithanewroadthatneedtobeconstructedatthelowerpartofthebuildinglocation,whichconnectsthesideroadwiththemission.Furthermore,thelocationwillbeclearedofalmostallvegetation.Alsothereneedstobeaspaceinornearbythefacilitiesforstaffhouses.Thelocationofthehealthunitwillhavethefollowingfacilities.Firstthedispensarywerepeoplecancomefortheirappointmentsorcheck-ups.Behindthedispensarywillbeabuildingwithtwowards,astaffroom&onebedroomforastaffmember.Furthermore,therewillbeakitchen,washroomsandamedicalincinerator

ThelocationforResourceCentrewillconsistofthecentreitself,akitchen,washroomsandincinerator.Inthefuturetherecanbeaneedofdormitoriestohostpeopleforanightwhentheyhaveamultipledayseminar.

Beforeanyofthisfacilitieswillbebuildthereshouldbeclearwherethefacilitiesforthewatersupplywillbelocated,sothatspotswillnotbeused.Onthenextpages2possibilitiesforthecompoundaregiven.

Figure9:Mapof(plain)buildinglocation

22 0m 200m

OPTION 1

Figure10:Option1forapossibledivisionofthefacilitiesonthecompound

23

0m 200m

OPTION 2

Figure11:Option2forapossibledivisionofthefacilitiesonthecompound

24

References Martinson,B.,&Thomas,T.(2007).Roofwaterharvesting:ahandbookforpractitioners.NationalDroughtManagementAuthority(NDMA).(2016).DroughtEarlyWarningBullentinforDecember2016.