Preliminary identification of social and environmental ... · 1 Water scarcity (upstream water diversion, sea intrusion, drought) To ensure regular downstream flow Introduction of

1

Preliminary identification of social and

environmental risks associated with the

proposedREDD+activities

Preparing a FGRM for REDD+ after an Explicit Assessment of Existing Feedback and GrievanceRedressalMechanisms(FGRM)&DevelopingSafeguardsInformationSystem(SIS)andSocialandEnvironmental Management Framework (ESMF) through Strategic Environmental and SocialAssessment(SESA)

February2018

MinistryofClimateChange

2

TableofContents

Objectivesofthisassignment.........................................................................................................3

Objectiveofthereport...................................................................................................................4

Methodology..................................................................................................................................4

Structureofthereport...................................................................................................................4

Sindh:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities........................................................................................................5

Baluchistan:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities..............................................................................................10

FATA-1(Peshawar):PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities............................................................................18

Punjab:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities......................................................................................................21

AzadJammu&Kashmir(AJK):PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities...............................................................25

GilgitBaltistan(GB):PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities............................................................................29

KhyberPakhtunkhawa:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities............................................................................34

3

Objectivesofthisassignment

ThepurposeofthisassignmentistohelpmeetinternationalsafeguardrequirementsunderUnited

NationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange (UNFCCC)andtheWorldBank’sForestCarbon

PartnershipFacility(FCPF),andensurethesocialandecologicalsustainabilityofREDD+inPakistanby:

• Conducting a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) to (i) ensure the

integrationofenvironmentalandsocialconsiderationsduringtheformulationoftheNational

REDD+Strategy,andthatREDD+Readinessactivitiescomplywithallapplicablesafeguards,

and(ii)strengthenthespaceforpolicydialoguealreadyopenedthroughthepreparationofa

ReadinessPreparationProposal(R-PP),supportingamoreeffectiveunderstandingbyvarious

stakeholdersofissuessuchaslandandterritory,driversandcausesofdeforestation,risksand

impacts, institutionalcapacity,andalso identifytransparentandprecisemethodologiesfor

measuringcarbonreservesandstocksamongothernecessaryfactorsfortheNationalREDD+

Strategytofunction;

• Developing an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to manage the

residualimpactsofREDD+strategyimplementationandthemanagementoffutureprojects,

policiesandactivitiesthroughwhichtheREDD+strategywillbeimplemented;

• DevelopingaSafeguardsInformationSystem(SIS)thatservesmultipleobjectivesatdifferent

levels, including reporting internationally for results-based financing, and providing

information within the country to improve the implementation of the REDD+ strategy

(adaptive management) and to build and maintain stakeholder and political support for

REDD+;and

• Developing a Feedback and Grievance Redressal Mechanism (FGRM) to address the

complexityofissuesanddiversityofstakeholders,especiallythoseofforest-dependentethnic

groupsandlocalcommunitiesthatmayleadtonumerousquestions,inquiries,andpotential

grievancesregardingtheREDD+strategyorprocess.

Pakistan’sintentionistoengageinREDD+activitiesbothundertheFCPFandtheUNFCCC,meaning

thatbothsetsofrequirementswillneedtobecompliedwith,includingonsafeguards.Thisassignment

willstrivetocarryoutaSESAanddeveloptheESMFandSISinamannerthatwillcontributetomeeting

thesemultiplerequirementsinacoordinated,efficientandcost-effectivemanner.

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Objectiveofthereport

Thefollowingreportaimstopresentapreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksand

benefitsassociatedwith theproposedREDD+activities. Inaddition,wealsopresentapreliminary

identificationofpotentialconflictsandgrievancesassociatedwiththeREDD+activities.

Methodology

Wenote that ideally this preliminary identification shouldhavebeen carriedout after theREDD+

Strategy Options were identified, but due to time constraints this assessment was carried out in

paralleltothepreparationoftheREDD+Strategy.Therefore,wenotethisidentificationislinkedto

initialandpreviousiterationsoftheREDD+StrategyOptions.

ThisanalysiswasguidedbytheinputsgatheredthroughprovincialconsultationsinSindh,Balochistan,

Punjab,AJK,FATA,KPandGB;aswellasdrawingonrelevantassessmentscarriedout1,andwithdue

considerationoftheREDD+strategyoptionsproposedtodate.Thedatacollectionandassessment

processwasmainlybasedonthealreadyidentifiedparticipantsfromvariousstakeholdergroupsby

theprovincialandregionalREDDoffices.Thein-depthinterviewingtechniquewasthemainstayof

datacollectionwhereasinformaldiscussionsandfreeflowmethodsalsohelpedinthegenerationof

relevantinformation.

Structureofthereport

Thisreportisstructuredinthefollowingmanner:

• Each section presents the preliminary identification of potential risks (social and

environmental)andbenefitsforeachprovince,consideringtheinformationontheproposed

REDD+strategyoptionsthatwereavailableonsuchtime.Wenotethesestrategicoptionsare

categorizedunderdriversofdeforestationanddriversofforestdegradation,andtherefore

twotablesareconsideredperprovince.

• Inaddition,undereachsectionwepresentapreliminaryidentificationofpotentialcomplaints

andgrievancesassociatedwiththeimplementationofeachstrategicoption.

Note:whennorisks,benefitsandgrievancesweredeemedrelevantbystakeholders,wehavenotedthisas‘NotApplicable’.

1‘HistoricalSocialandEnvironmentalAssessmentReport’and‘AnalysesofLegalandInstitutionalandgovernancecapacitytoaddress

safeguards’preparedbyCLPandHBP.

5

Sindh:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities

Sr.no

Driversofdeforestation

Strategicoptions Benefits Socialrisks Environmentalrisks Conflicts/grievances

1 Encroachment/illegalcultivation

EnforcementoflawBoundarydelineation

Increaseinforestcover

Localswillbedeprivedofadditionalcropincomeandlivelihoodsupport

NotApplicable Conflictbetweenencroachersandthedepartment

2 WeakImplementationofLeasepolicy

RevisionofleasepolicyStrictimplementationofleaseagreements

Forestcoverincreased

Suspicionsaboutstateinitiatives

NotApplicable Conflictbetweenlesseeandlessor

3 Agricultureexpansionforsubsistence

ProvisionofalternativelivelihoodValueadditionnfoodproductionprocess,foodmaterialandnutritionalenrichmentoffooditemsforimprovinghealthIntroductionofmoderntechniquestoenhanceproductivity

Burdenonforestwilldecrease

Increaseincost NotApplicable Resistancefromencroachers

6

4 Commercialagricultureexpansion

IntroductionofmodernirrigationpracticesTunnelfarmingIntroductionofhybridvarietieswithlesswaterrequirementPromotionoffarmforestry

MoreproductivityfromlessareaWatersavingFarmforestrywillincreaseforestcoverWaterefficientenvironment

IncreasedcostMarginalisationoflocalsmallfarmers

MarginalizationoflocalsmallfarmerChancesoflowqualityhybridseedsExtensiveuseofpesticides

ConflictbetweenCorporateandtheDepartment

5 Fuelwood/timberextraction

ImprovementinlawandordersituationintheriverineforestsPreparationofforestmanagementplansPublicprivatepartnershipforafforestationandreforestationPlantinginun-stockedstatelandswithsuitablespeciesValueadditionfortimberproductsEnergyplantationPromotionoffarmforestryProvisionofalternateenergysources(solar,biogasetc.)EnergyefficientdevicesRehabilitationofmangroveforest

ForestcoverincreaseMoreemploymentopportunitiesReducedpressureonforestresourcesImprovedmangroveforestconditionsBiodiversityconservationIncreaseinincomeFodderandfuelwoodavailabilityenhanced

IncreaseincostCoalproductionatlocallevelwillreduceifthelocalcommunityisstoppedfromfuelwoodextraction,thusaffectinglocallivelihoodsandacesstoenergy

Resistancefromcommunity

7

TreatmentofseweragewaterbeforedrainingintodeltaPromotionofecotourismAlternatelivelihoodopportunitiesthroughpromotionofNTFP’sPlantationalonghighwayandroadsPromotionofnaturalresources(NR)throughCSR

8

Sr.no

Driversofdegradation


1 Waterscarcity(upstreamwaterdiversion,seaintrusion,drought)

ToensureregulardownstreamflowIntroductionofdroughtresistantspeciesRestorationofmangroves

Forestcoverincrease

Notapplicable Notapplicable ConflictbetweenupstreamanddownstreampopulationInter-provincialPoliticalrift

2 Overgrazingandbrowsing

IntroductionofdifferentgrazingsystemsPreparationofgrazingmanagementplansIntroductionoffoddercropsinprivateareasPromotionofstallfeedingIntroductionofhighyieldinglivestock

PressureonforestswilldecreaseForestcoverincreasedBiodiversitypreservation

MayharmPastoralistCultureandHeritage

Methaneemissionmayincrease


3 Lackofforestmanagementplans/strategies

Preparationofforestmanagementplans

EfficientforestresourceuseEnhancedtreecoverSustainableforestManagement

Notapplicable Increasedcostforforestmanagementplans

Notapplicable

4 Lackofextensionservicesandinnovations

StrengtheningofexistingextensionservicesAwarenessraising

Increaseinforestknowledgeandtechnicalknow-how

Additionalresourceswillberequired

Notapplicable Notapplicable

9

CapacitybuildingInvolvementofNGO’sandCSO’s

ForestcoverincreaseEmploymentopportunitiesforextensionservicesproviders

5 Salinityandwaterlogging

IntroductionofsaltresistantspeciesaswellassuitableforwaterloggedareasIntroductionofSalinityControlandReclamationProject(SCARP)likeprojects

IncreaseinforestcoverEmploymentopportunitiesIncreaseinIncomeIncreaseinProductivityAvailabilityofmoreland

HighCostofImplementation

Notapplicable Politicalinfluencemaycreateconflictamonglocalpopulationandpoliticalfactions

6 Lackoffundingandnon-maintenance

PrioritizationofforestryandallieddisciplinesRegularprovisionofrequiredbudgetCreationofendowmentfunds

SustainabilitywillbeensuredForeststockwillimproveBiodiversityensured

Notapplicable Notapplicable Interdepartmentalconflictonallocationofresources

7 Miningandinfrastructuredevelopment

ImplementationofminingrulesEIA‘sshouldbemademandatoryRehabilitationplansshouldbeproperlyimplementedPromotionofgreeninfrastructurePlannedsettlements

ImprovedenvironmentalconditionsImprovedforeststock

Increaseincost Notapplicable Resistancefromminingcompanies/contractors

10

Baluchistan:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activitiesSr.no



1 Climatechange

Example:Declineofundergroundwater-tableDryingofKarezchannelsPrevalentLongperiodofdrought

AdaptationasperchangingscenarioDevelopmentofProvincialclimatechangepolicy(MaybeadaptedfromFederalClimateChangePolicy)RevivalofKarezsystem

SurvivalratewillincreaseIncreaseinforestcoverIncreaseinKarezdependentforest(ParticularlyDateplantation)

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromcommunity

2

Populationincrease PopulationControlAwarenessraising

Burdenonnaturalresourceswilldecrease

Decreaseinmanpower Notapplicable Resistancefromconservativesociety

3 FloodsIncludingTorrentialrainsandflashflooding

ConstructionofwaterreservoirsSoilconservationworksEarlywarningsystem

DecreaseinsoilerosionWaterconservationBiodiversityconservation

Cost Notapplicable Notapplicable

11

ImproveddrainagesfortorrentialrainwaterIntegratedWatershedManagement

Increaseinemploymentopportunities

4 Oceanicintrusion/tsunamis

EarlywarningsystemImprovementofmangroveforestsDeltaplanningandmanagementEnsuringriverflowintosea

PossibilitytosavelifebyearlywarningReductionofseismicintensity

ThreatoflifeandpropertydamageDestructionofInfrastructure

Degradationofresources

Resistancefromadamants

5 Freshwaterpollution StoppageofpouringindirtydrainsProperseweragesystemandtreatmentplantsAwarenessraisingCorporateSocialResponsibility(CSR)

ReducedpollutionReducedwaterbornediseasesEmploymentopportunityforsanitationworkersControloverdisease

IncreaseinCost

Notapplicable ResistancefromIndustry-reluctancetoinvestinindustrialwastetreatment

6 Earthquakes IncreaseinPlantationEarthquakeresistancearchitectureandinfrastructure

IncreaseinForestcoverLessdamagetolifeandproperty

Notapplicable Notapplicable Changeinsurfacetopographymayraiseconflictonlandtenureandlandrightsissues

12

7 Destructionofforestaspartofnaturalsceneryandtopographicculturalheritage

EcotourismDeclaredandMarkedChilghozaForestsasTouristdestinationinTDCPandothertouroperatorbroachersandwebsitesCoastalEcotourism

AlternativeLivelihoodPromotionofDomesticTourismIndustryGreateremploymentopportunitiesRevivalofcoastalandaquaticconditions

Notapplicable HeavyInflowoftouristmayhavenegativeimpactonlocalbiodiversity

Objectionfromlocalpopulationonheavytouristinflow

8 Lawandordersituationhamperstocontrolforestclearing

Improvementsinlawandordersituation,ProvisionofpropersecuritytofacilitatedonorsPromotionofdonorfundedAfforestationprograms

ImprovementinforestcoverEmploymentopportunities

Securityleakages

Notapplicable AccessandcontroloverresourcesLengthyprocessofacquiringNOCfromstate

9 Lackofresearchinforestmanagement

ProperemphasisonadaptiveresearchanddevelopmentPreparationofforestmanagementplansandtheirproperimplementationAfforestation/reforestationofblankareasIntroductionandfocusonNTFP’sFocusonsustainableforestmanagement

IncreaseinskilledforestmanagersImprovementinforestresourcesEmploymentopportunitieswillincreaseIncreaseinforestcoverConservationofbiodiversity

Notapplicable Notapplicable Researcher(s)mayhaveconflictwithforestdwellersandforestdependentcommunities

13

Increaseinincome

10 Lackofawareness CapacitybuildingofstaffandcommunitiesregardingimportanceofforestanditsecosystemservicesRegularawarenesscampaigns

IncreaseinforestcoverWellawarecommunities

CostofMediaCampaign Notapplicable Nominationsfortraining

11 RefugeesandIDP’sinfluxleadtodeforestation

Confinementtospecificareaswithprovisionofalternateenergysources

Burdenonforestwilldecrease

Unemployedmanpower(Refugees)Endangeredculture

Notapplicable Resistancebetweenlocalsandrefuges/IDP’sResentmenttowardsconfinementamongRefugees

12 Agricultureexpansioninjuniperforest

StrictlawenforcementBoundarydelineationIntroductionofmodernagriculturetechniquesoutsidetheforestareas

ForestcoverincreasePreservationofJuniperForestIncreaseinagricultureproductivity

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromencroachers

13 Old/obsoletelaws Revisionofforestlawsasperemergingneeds

Writofdepartmentwillberestored

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromcommunitytoadaptnewlaws

14 Encroachments StrictimplementationoflawsBoundarydelineation


Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromencroachers

14

15 Weakjudicialsystem Efficientjudicialproceedingswitheffectiveprosecution

Decreaseinlitigationcasesandimprovementinforestcover

Notapplicable Notapplicable JudiciarymayhavepreferencetodealwithcasesofmoresocialnatureratherthanenvironmentalWitnessrequirementsmaybedifficultforforesterstoproducetosubstantiatetheirreport/case

16 Untrained/unskilledofficials/shortageofstaff

CapacitybuildingRecruitmentofrequiredstaff

executionoftechnicalinputswillenhancebettermanagementofresourcesSustainableforestmanagement

Costoftraining Notapplicable EducationalandTrainingLeave

17 Unemployment Provisionofalternatelivelihoodopportunities

Burdenonexistingforestresourceswillreduce

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictamongcontendersofsupportforalternativelivelihood

18 Lackofcoordinationamonggovernmentagencies

ImprovedcoordinationatdifferentlevelsProvisionofacentralizedcoordinatorplatform

Savingofresourcesandavoidanceofduplicateefforts

Notapplicable Notapplicable Notapplicable

15

19 Nocheckbygovernmentonwaterwells(NOC’s)

AwarenessraisingaboutimportanceofgroundwaterEfficientuseofwaterIntroductionofrulesforextractionofgroundwater

Savingofpreciousgroundwater

Watershortagecommunities

Wartershortage Conflictbetweencommunityandimplementingagency

20 Bricksindustries/kilnswhichsometimesusefuelwood

IntroductionofenergyplantationthroughCSRUseofalternateenergysources

Lesscuttingoftrees Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictbetweenindustrialistsandimplementingagency

21 Blastinginmountains LawenforcementProperEIAwhererequired

LesssoildisturbanceIncreaseintreecover

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromcontractors

21 Forestfires AwarenessraisingTrainingIntroductionofmodernforestfirefightingtechniquesRevivalofFireLines

BiodiversitysavedForestcoverincreasedLesspollution

EndangeredcultureofSlash&burn


22 DecentralizationofforestryinPakistan

Moreattentiontowardsforestrysectoratfederalaswellasprovinciallevelinallocationofresources


Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictonallocationofresourcesamongstdifferentdepartments

23 Diseases Researchondyingofjunipertreesduetodiseases

Juniperforestwillbepreserved

Increaseincost Notapplicable Notapplicable

16

Sr.no


Strategicoptions Benefits Socialrisks Environmentalrisks Conflict/grievances

1 Heavyanduncontrolledgrazing

IntroductionofrotationalgrazingusingindigenousknowledgeActivationoftraditionalgrazingsystemsIntroductionofqualitylivestock/productivebreedsIntroductionoffodderspeciesandpromotionofstallfeeding

IncreaseinforestcoverLesserosionBiodiversitypreservationPreservationofIndigenousKnowledge

Notapplicable Methanegasmayincrease


2 Urbanexpansion ProperurbanplanningfornewandsmallcitiesthroughverticalexpansionLanduseplanning

PreciousagriculturelandwillbesavedIncreaseintreecover

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancetoadoptmodernlifestyles

3 Mining EIAforminingcompanies/contractorsProperimplementationofremedialmeasures

LesspollutionLesserosionIncreaseinforestcover

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictbetweenminingcompanies/contractorandimplementingagency

4 Commercialagriculture

IntroductionofmodernirrigationpracticesTunnelfarmingIntroductionofhybridvarietieswithlesswaterrequirementPromotionoffarmforestry

MoreproductivityfromlessareaWatersaving

Increasedcost Chancesoflowqualityhybridseeds

Notapplicable

17

5 Infrastructuredevelopment

ImplementationoflawonEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentandStrategicEnvironmentalAssessmentswhererequiredAfforestation/reforestationshouldbemandatoryPromotionofLinearplantation

IncreaseinforestcoverReducedpollution

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefrominfrastructuredevelopmentagency

6 Smallscaleagriculturepractices

AwarenessraisingKitchengardeningTrainingtofemalesforagriculturalpracticesIntroductionofdroughtresistantspecies

IncreaseinlivelihoodsWaterconservation

Notapplicable Notapplicable Resistancefromcommunityforfemaletraining

18

FATA-1(Peshawar):PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activitiesSr.no


Strategicoptions Benefits Socialrisks Environmentalrisks Conflict/grievances

1 Unsustainablefuelwoodextraction

Alternativeenergysources(solaretc.)Afforestation/reforestationIntroductionofenergyefficientstoves

Controlonfurthercutting/increaseinforestcover


2 Unsustainabletimberextraction

StrictlawsenforcementAwarenessraisingProvisionofotherlivelihoodopportunities

Controlonfurthercutting/increaseinforestcover

Impactonlivelihoodoftheconcernedcommunity

Notapplicable Resistancefromtheconcernedcommunity/timbermafia

3 Forestclearingforlivestock/overgrazing

Preparationofpasture/rangelandmanagementplansRaisingoffoddercropsPromotionofstallfeedingIntroductionofimprovedqualitylivestockReductioninnon-descriptivelivestock

IncreaseinqualitylivestockDecreasedsoilerosionImprovedrangelandsIncreaseinforestcover

Notapplicable Possibilitytoincreasemethanegas

Conflictbetweencommunity/tribesduringimplementationofmanagementplans

4 Forestclearingforagriculture/foodsecurity

IntroductionofimprovedagriculturetechniquesAwarenessraising

CropproductionincreaseForestcoverenhancedIncreaselivelihood

Decreaseinmanpower Chanceforuseofpesticidesmayincrease

Resistancefromcommunities

19

SustainableuseofnaturalresourcesSoilerosioncontrol

5 Forestclearingforhabitation

PopulationcontrolInvolvementofreligiousleadersandelders

SustainableuseofnaturalresourcesLanduseplanningIncreasedopportunities


6 Forestclearanceforinfrastructureandsecurity

AlternateafforestationprogramPromotionofenvironmentfriendlyinfrastructures

IncreaseinforestcoverdevelopmentwillnotsufferAmeliorationofenvironmentLesssoildisturbance

Notapplicable Moretimewouldberequiredforestablishmentofforestcover

Resistancefromdifferentsectionsofcommunity

7 Non-extensionofforestlawstoFATA

ToextendforestlawstoFATA

Controlonunsustainableuseofnaturalresources

Reluctanceofcommunitytonewlaws

Notapplicable Resistancefromherdsman

8 Forestfires AwarenessraisingPreventivemeasuresPreparationofforestmanagementplansIntroductionofimprovedforestfirefrighteningtechniques

IncreaseinforestcoverIncreaseinemploymentopportunities


9 Mining ImprovedminingtechniquesEIAshouldbemandatory

LesssoildisturbanceLesscuttingoftrees

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictbetweencontractorsofminingandimplementingagency

20

Lesspollution

Sr.no



1 Forestclearingforsecuritypurposes

Otheralternateoptionsforsecurityoperationsbetterthancutting(de-routing)

ReduceCO2emission


2 Wooduseasfuel NaturalgassupplyIntroductionofbiogasIntroductionofsolarenergyIntroductionofenergyefficientstoves

Methane(CH4)controlReduceCO2emission Increaseinforestcover

Notapplicable Increaseinmethaneburning

CommunalconflictResistanceinadoptionofnewtechnologies

3 Overgrazing Preparationofpasture/rangelandmanagementplansRaisingoffoddercropsPromotionofstallfeedingIntroductionofimprovedqualitylivestockReductioninnon-descriptivelivestock

IncreasebiodiversityDecreasesoilerosionDecreaseinflashflood

Foodinsecuritytolivestock Notapplicable Managementandcommunalissues

4 Foodsecurity MassawarenessAfforestation

Positiveimpactonclimate

Agriculturalproductionmayreduce

Notapplicable Community&administrationissues

21

Punjab:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activitiesSr.no


Strategicoptions Benefits Socialrisks Environmentalrisks Conflicts/grievance

1 Infrastructuredevelopment

EnforcementofforestactDiscouragenewrightofways

Regularizetheactivities,carbonstockwillimprove

Reduceillegalinterventions,effectivecontrols

Harsh,noteasilyacceptableReduceaccessibilityforpublicandmanagement

Notapplicable Violation,disorderLitigationwillarise

2 Forestclearingforhabitation

AlternativelivelihoodandenergyoptionsEnforcementofforestactLanduseplanning

Forestwillconserve,reductionofCO2

emissionRegularizetheactivities,carbonstockingwillimproveIncreaseproductivity

CostwillincreaseHarsh,noteasilyacceptableReductionofpersonaloption,

Developmentofmonoculture

LawandordersituationViolation,disorderIncreasecompetition

22

3 Miningespeciallysurfacemining

EIAsforallminingleaseNOCfromforestdepartmentImplementationofminingrulesMitigationpolicies

EnvironmentprotectionRegularizetheactivitiesMinimizethedegradationConservationofbiodiversity,controlpollution

Willincreasecost

Degradation

LitigationConflictsduetoviolationLitigationLitigation

4 Forestfires(intentional/natural/duetonegligence)

ControlledgrazingAwarenessraisingCapacitybuildingtocontrolforestfiresCommunicationandmobilitytocombatforestfires

IncreaseinproductivityIncreaseinforestcoverLesserosion

Costoffeed/fodderwillincrease

Notapplicable Increaselitigation

5 Encroachmentinallthreetypesofforest(scrub,conifers,riverian)

Boundarydelineation ControlonencroachmentIncreaseinforestcover

Extrabudgetisrequired Notapplicable Increaselitigation

6 Waterscarcity Increasedwaterefficiency Increaseproductivity

Enhancemanagementcost


7 Floods(inriverianforest)

StructuralmeasureIntegratedwatershedmanagementinupstreamareas

Savedtheland,increaseproductivity

Permanentoccupationbystructure

Notapplicable Politicalissuesmayarisebetweentheupstreamanddown-streambeneficiaries,particularlyregardingbenefit-sharing.

8 Urbanexpansion Landuseplanning Increaseproductivity

Reductionofpersonaloption

Developmentofmonoculture

Increasecompetition

9 Firewood/timberextraction

Promotionoffarmandcommunityforestry



23

Promotionofalternateenergysources(solar,biogas,naturalgasetc.)AlternateconstructionmaterialProvisionofGIsheetsinhillyareas

BiodiversitysavedIncreaseinincomeLesstravellingdistancetofuelwoodandreducedburdenonfemaleLesserosion

Sr.no



1 Forestfire ControlledgrazingStrengthenfirefightcapacityAwarenesscampaignsMaintenanceoffirelinesEarlywarningsystemCapacitybuildingofstaffandcommunities

IncreaseinforestcoverEnhancementofcarbonstockDecreasederosion


2 Illegalfuelwoodextraction

EnforcementofforestactAlternatesourcesofenergyIntroductionofenergyefficientstovesPromotionofenergyplantationonprivatelandsInvolvementoflocalcommunityforprotection

ControlledsoilerosionIncreaseinforestcoverIncreaseincarbonstockBiodiversityconservation

Notapplicable

Notapplicable

Notapplicable

24

3 Weakmonitoringandenforcementmechanism

Effectivemonitoringofenforcementsystemplace

IncreaseimprovementIncreaseproductivity

Increasecost Notapplicable Increaseenmity

4 Livestockgrazing Preparationofpasture/rangelandmanagementplansRaisingoffoddercropsPromotionofstallfeedingIntroductionofimprovedqualitylivestockReductioninnon-descriptivelivestock

IncreaseinqualitylivestockDecreasedsoilerosionImprovedrangelandsIncreaseinforestcover

Notapplicable Possibilitytoincreasemethanegas

Conflictbetweencommunity/tribesduringimplementationofmanagement

5 Illegaltimberextraction

EnforcementofforestactandrulesEffectiveprosecutionAlternateemploymentopportunities

ForestsaresavedCarbonstockenhancedReducederosioninhillytracts

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictbetweentimbermafiaanddepartment

6 Infrastructuredevelopmente.g.roads

EnforcementofforestactDiscouragenewrightofways

Forestcoverincreased

Notapplicable Notapplicable Litigationbetweencommunityanddepartment

7 Unscientificoperationsinforest

ExecutionofsilviculturaloperationsIncreasedwaterefficiencyAdequatequalityplantingmaterialBiodiversityconservation

IncreasedproductivityIncreasedforeststockWaterconservationEnhancedtechnicalskillsofstaff


25

AzadJammu&Kashmir(AJK):PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activities Sr.no



1 Unsustainablefuelwoodextraction

Alternatehydelelectricity,alternatefuelse.g.LPGetc.biogas,solar,fuelefficientstoves,insulatedhousingdesigns,forestwaste(litteretc.)canbeusedasfuel,fuelconversion,energyplantations

LesserburdenonforestHygienicconditionswillimproveUtensilswillbecleaner(Domesticlifeimprovement)

InitiativedifficultiesResistancetowardschange

Notapplicable Elitevs.Poorlagwillbeovertedwithsocialconflict

2 Unsustainabletimberextraction

Improvedhousingdesignedwithlesstimberusage,CGIsheetsinhighaltitudeareas,standardizationofwoodsizestoreducewoodwaste,farmforestry,

BurdenofforesttimberusewillreduceCosteffectiveconstructionStandardizedconstructiondesignhelpsurvivaloflandandpropertyincaseofearthquakeEarthquakedesignsdoesnotuseextensivewood

CostTransportationdifficulties,AvailabilityinlocalmarketFreeTimberavailabilityatlocallevelAdaptionofnon-woodconstructionischallengeforthosewhousefreewoodinconstruction

Notapplicable

Subsidyfortheconstructionmaterial(CGIsheets)SubsidybasedondesignapprovalandadaptationWillingnessforchangeFairdistributionofsubsidizedmaterialsTimberextractionfromwaterchannelscanbesoldlocallywithresponsibilityonlocalstoextract

26

3 ForestFires(Intentional)

Awarenessonfirelines,protectiontechniques,localprotectionwithcommunityparticipationandincentives,implementationoflaws

Carbonstockwillremainintact

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictoverresources

4 ForestFires(naturalorduetonegligence)

Awarenessonfirelines,protectiontechniques,localprotectionwithcommunityparticipationandincentives,implementationoflaws

FireincidenceswillreduceIncreaseinforestcover,carbonstockwillremainintactBiodiversitywillimprove

Notapplicable Notapplicable Conflictbetweendepartmentandthegrassdependentmembersofthecommunity

5 InfrastructureDevelopment

Improvedinter-departmentalcoordination,EIA,effectivescrutinyofprojectsatP&Dlevel,

Forestandeco-systemwillbeconserved

Costofprojectwillincrease

Notapplicable Implementation,contractorhiringwillbebiased,allocationofbudgetheadsbetweendepartmentandcontractor

6 Freeanduncontrolledlivestockgrazing

Scientificmanagement,rotationalanddeferredgrazing,communityparticipation,improvedvarieties,improvedmanagementofnomadicgrazing,breedimprovement,promotionofstallfeeding,

ForestryandrangeresourcewillimproveImproveddairyproductsBetterlivelihoodandlife-styleImprovedhealthandnutrition

ChangeKnowledgetransformationchallengesCulturalpracticecontinuitywillbeharmed,ifgoatsarereplacedwithsheepthatwillincreaseproductionofGHG,samefornewbreedsmightbetrue

Notapplicable

Resistancetowardschange,Adaptation,PasturecapacityneedstobemeasuredanddeterminedtoallowtrespassingherdsofnomadsFencingoflandstoreducedamagefromgrazinganimals

27

7 Urban&ruralexpansion/habitation

Implementationoflanduseplans,buildingregulations,improvedcivicservicesinruralandurbanareas

ProperlanduseSustainabilityofdevelopmentwillbeensured

CompetitionforgettingbetterlandforexpansionIncreasedlandpricePurchasingpowerwillbeaffected

ResistanceSocialcompetitionresultsinlocalconflicts

8 Agriculturalexpansionforsubsistence

Improvedproductivityofagriculturalproducts,collectivefarming,awarenessonmodernfarmingpracticesAgro-forestrymayhelpinreducingburden

DependencyonforestwillreduceHigherproductivitywillhelpcircumcisingtoagriculturallandonly

Maymakeagriculturalistgreedyforincreasedproductivity

Notapplicable Socio-economicstatusofindividualsmayhamperthepathwaystoimprovedagriculturalpracticesAdaptationtochangedagriculturalpracticesandinnovationPurchasingcapacityoffarmers

9 Encroachmentofpopulationondemarcatedforestland(landrecordburntduring1947,refugeesin1965)

Demarcation,effectiveprotection,

Forestlandwillbesecure

Notapplicable Notapplicable Localcommunitieswillbeangry,

10 Floods,Landslides,heavySnowfall,earthquake,DroughtandDiseases,Pests

Preparedness,hazardmapping,stabilizationmeasures,sustainableforestmanagement,watershedmanagement

ResourceandEnvironmentwillimproveHumanandanimalliveswillbesafe


28

ReductionofdiseasesPropertysafety

11 Weakgovernance Forestlawsimplementation,improvedadministration,policyformulation,institutionalstrengthening,

Notapplicable Notapplicable Notapplicable Notapplicable

12 Mining EIAs,mitigatingmeasures, ImprovementofEnvironment

CostofEIACostofproductionwillincrease

ApproachingroadsconstructiondamageenvironmentSurfacemining

Compensationforlocals

29

GilgitBaltistan(GB)2:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activitiesSr.no



1 CommercialAgriculturalexpansion:Potato,pea(Verylowasallagricultureisunderirrigationchannelwhileforestsareabove)

Demarcationandpolicylevelformulationthatforestwillremainforest.

Forestareawillnotreducebutratheritwillincrease

Nonegativeriskasmostofthesettlementsandagriculturelandliesbelowtheforestareasinthevalleys.


2 TourismandHotelingindustry

Forestfriendlyconstructionpracticese.g.useofaluminum

PressureonforestswillreducePeoplewillseethatasmodelandotherswillstartadoptingAluminiumindustrywillflourish

CostofconstructionwillincreasePeoplewhoareassociatedwithwoodindustrywillhavelessjobs

Notapplicable Carpenterswillbehavinggrievancesagainstuseofothermaterials.Forestownerswhousedtosellwillhavelessopportunitytosell.

3 Changeoflifestyleandconstructionpractices

Forestfriendlyconstructionpractices

Sameasabove Sameasabove Notapplicable Sameasabove

2ItisimportanttomentionthatthedatapresentedbelowwascollectedbyCHIPPteamduringtheirconsultationinGBonourbehalf.

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4 Agriculturalexpansionforsubsistence(vegetable,horticultureetc.)

Demarcationandpolicylevelformulationthatforestwillremainforest.

Forestareawillnotreducebutratheritwillincrease

Nonegativeriskasmostofthesettlementsandagriculturelandliesbelowtheforestareasinthevalleys.


5 Unsustainableillicittimberextraction/Timbermafia(High)(inprivateandprotectedforests)-Mostlyyouthisengagedduetounemployed.MechanizedPrivateforestsaredeforestedbypoliticallyinfluentialpeoplewhilepoorpeopleonlyeithertakeoutthefirewoodoronlyforconstructionoftheirownhome.

ImprovedGovernance,Politicalwill,improvedmonitoringsystem,improvedfacilitiesfortheforestguardsetc.Strengthening/useofforestmagistratepower,

Forestwillbesaved,andlocalcommunitywillbehappy.

Localcommunitieswillhavefeweremploymentopportunitiesandalsowillhavelessfinancialopportunities

Notapplicable Generally,nogrievancesfromthecommunity,howeverinfluentialpeopleandtimbermafiawillstarthueandcryoverit.

6 Unsustainablefuelwoodextraction(Yes)70%deforestationisduetofirewoodcozinDarilTangirandothersuch

Hydalenergycanbeeasilymadeavailableinallsuchvalleys.SolarenergyLivelihoodoptionsBanontransportationoffirewood,alternativefuelwood

ForestwillbesavedForestfireswillreduceLivingstandardswillimprove

Generally,nonegativerisk Notapplicable Generally,nogrievances

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areas,peopleburnwoodroundtheyearforheatingandcooking

Useofthedeadfallen, HealthwillimproveascookingwithfirewoodleadstolungsrelateddiseasesPeoplewillhavemoretimetoworkonotherproductiveworkastheywillnothavetogotoforeststo

7 PopulationincreaseandUrbanexpansionand(Lowlevel),forestclearingforhabitation

TochangethelifestyleImprovedconstructionpattern,Landuseplanningtoensurelessdamagetoforestthroughexpansionofpopulation,ImprovedawarenessamongpopulationparticularlyDiamerregions

Lessneed/demandofforest/timber,firewoodwouldbelessneeded

Generally,nonegativerisk Notapplicable Nogrievances

8 Mining(Lowlevel)Semipreciousstonesareminedbutmostlyabovetreeline,howevertheyusefirewood

EIAsandNOCshouldbeimplemented,ImprovedintegrationbetweenminingdepartmentandForestdepartment,

Forestswillbeconserved,andthehabitatwillbesavedfromdestruction

Minersmayresistasthatwilladdtothecostoftheirprojects

Notapplicable MinersmayhavegrievancesregardingredtapismasNOCsoftentakelongtimestoacquire.

9 InfrastructureDevelopmente.g.roads(Lowlevel)

EIAIntegrationwithForestdepartment,

Forestwillbesaved

Notapplicable Increaseddegradation LocalcommunitiesparticularlyinDiamerresistincreased

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InDiamer,generallyroadsetc.areconstructedinlowerpartsofvalleyswhereforestsdonotexist.WhileinNaltarandupperpartofGB,roadshavedonedeforestation

forestationinlieuoftheforestwhichhasbeendamaged

Improvedaccessibility

touristswhenroadsareconstructed

10 ForestFires(naturalorduetonegligence)(Verylimited,mostlynegligence,cigarettesandteamakingetc.)Mostlyinwinters,whenpeoplegotoforestforfirewoodextraction,theymakefiresforheatinginforest,whichleadstoforestfires.Sometimesasmuchas100-200acresofforestisburntinDiamerhoweverwedon’tgetanysupportfrom

Policecasesshouldbefiledagainstthosewhomakefires.Strongvigilanceandgovernancemechanism,penaltiesFirebreakers,useoftechnologyAwarenessamongcommunityregardingforestfiresRegistrationofshepherdsControlledfires

FireincidentswillbereducedPeoplewillbemoreawareForestwillbeprotected

Notapplicable


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forestdepartmentSometimeshepherdsalsomakefiresforcookingthatleadtoforestfires.LowerpartsofGBhavedenseforestswhereforestfiresincreaserapidlywhileinupperforestshaslesschancesastheforestsaresparse.

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KhyberPakhtunkhawa3:PreliminaryidentificationofsocialandenvironmentalrisksandbenefitsassociatedwiththeproposedREDD+activitiesNote:Pleasenotethefollowinginformationdoesnotfollowthesameformataspreviousprovinces,asconsultantteamwasunabletoparticipateintheseconsultations.WhatfollowsintheinformationCHIPwasabletogatherthroughtheprovincialconsultation.Major Drivers of Forest Degradation andDeforestation

UnderlyingCausesofForestDegradationandDeforestation

Excessive cutting of Trees forEnergy/FuelwoodPurposes.

LackofAlternativeEnergySourcesinRuralandForestedAreas.

Lackofinvestmentsinforestrysectoranduseofsectorasasourceofrevenueforthegovernment.

LackofAwarenessandCapacityaboutEnvironmentalServicesrenderedbyForestEcosystems.

ExcessivePopulationgrowthinHillyAreas.

CumbersomeJudicialProcess.

ExcessivecuttingofTreesforConstructionalTimberandOtherDomesticUsePurposes.

LackofWoodSubstitutes/AlternativeBuildingMaterialsforConstructionPurposes.

Excessiveandwastefuluseofwood.

Excessiveuseofwoodindifferentceremoniessuchasmarriagesandfunerals.

NaturalHazardslikeEarthquakes,andClimateChangeEffectsresultinginFloods,DroughtsandExtremeEventscausingdamagestobuildings.

Illegal cuttingofTreesbyTimberSmugglersforProfitMakingPurposes.

GreedBasedOrientationofTimberSmugglers.

3DuringconsultationatKPK,itwasreportedthattheKPKofficehasalreadypreparedadraftREDD+Strategy.ThesamewassharedwithCHIPandCLP/HBPconsultants.Theinformationgivenbelowistakenfromthesamereportasconsultantswereunabletoparticipateinthisconsultation.

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ProlongedBanonCommercialHarvestingofTimber.

GrazingofLivestockinForestAreasandUsingForestsasGrazingAreas.

Excessivenumberof Livestockwhich is beyond theCarryingCapacityofGrazing Lands and In-appropriateGrazingManagementPractices.

Clearing of Forest Land for AgriculturePurposes.

LackofAlternativeLivelihoodSourcesinHillyandForestedAreas.

LackofEmploymentOpportunitiesinMountainousAreas.

LandTenureProblems.

PoliticalInfluencing.

LackofProductiveAgriculturalLandsandlowAgriculturalProductivity.

ClearingofForestLandforRoadConstructionandOtherInfrastructurePurposes.

ExcessiveDemandforRoadConstructionbyLocalCommunitiesandElectedRepresentatives.

LackofLandUsePlanning.

LackofAwareness.

ExcessivePopulationGrowth.

Clearing of Forest Land for Making ofSettlements.

Non-availabilityofOtherLandformakingSettlementsinHillyAreas.

LackofLandUsePlanning.

LandTenureProblems.

WeakLawEnforcement.

ExcessivePopulationGrowth.

ClearingofForestLandforMiningPurposes. LackofCoordinationbetweenMinesandMineralsDepartmentandForestDepartment.

InappropriatePolicies.

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LackofProperLandUsePlanning.

Poor Forest Governance and Problems inForestLawsEnforcement.

LackofHumanandOtherResourcesforEffectiveImplementationofLaws.

CumbersomeJudicialProcess.

Lackofinvestmentsinforestrysectoranduseofsectorasasourceofrevenueforthegovernment.

LackofAwarenessandCapacityaboutEnvironmentalServicesrenderedbyForestEcosystems.

ForestFires. Slashandburntypeintentionalfiresbyfarmerstocleartheforestareaforagriculturepurposes.

Forestfiresbygrazingcommunitytocreateopeningsforgrassgrowth.

GirdlingofTrees Intentionalgirdlingtokillatreesothatitcanbecut.Diseases,insectpestsandotherepidemics Climatechangeisexacerbatingtheseepidemicsrelateddamages.Forest Degradation on account of TourismActivities.

LackofCoordinationbetweenTourismDepartmentandForestDepartment.

InappropriatePolicies.

LackofProperLandUsePlanning.

GeneralLawandOrderSituation. TheinsurgencywaveinthewholeofMalakandCivilDivisionandFATAcreatedagenerallawandordersituationintheprojectarea.

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StrategicActionsForactiveandbeneficialparticipationofKPininternationalREDD+initiatives,theKPREDD+Strategy,outofnecessity,hastoaddressthedriversofdeforestationandforestdegradationwhichliewithinthesectorandalsotoactivelytoadvocateforresolutionofthoseissueswhichareoutsidethesector.Accordingly,thefollowingactionsarecontemplatedundertheStrategy.A. Limitedaccesstoaffordable/cheapalternativesenergysourcesotherthanbiomass1. Promotelarge-scaleenergyplantationsoffastgrowingspecies.2. Promote institutional (railways,NHA, irrigationdepartment, revenuedepartment,academic institutions,securityagenciesandother land-owningbodies),peri-

urbanandotherlinearandblockplantations.2. Increaseinvestmentinandaccesstotechnologiesthatenhancewoodfuelefficiencyandpromotewoodfuelsubstitution.3. Promotecost-effectivewoodtechnologies.4. Promoteandadvocateforgreateraccessofalternativeenergysourcesthroughdifferentmechanismsincludingsubsidies.5. Promoteandadvocateforenergymix.6. Promoteandadvocateforsubsidizingfuel-efficientcookingandheatingstovesandtobaccocuringkilns.7. Encourageestablishmentofwoodlotsfortobaccocuringandburnedbrickmaking.8. Promoteuseofbiogasespeciallyinagro-pastoralareastoreducedependenceofwoodfuelassourceofenergyatfamilyandcommunitylevel.9. Advocateforenactingby-lawsontheuseofwoodsavingconstructiontechnologiesandhousingdesigns.10. Promoteandadvocateforenvironmentalconservationawardsinwoodenergysaving.B. Tackleinefficientbiomassenergyuse1. Advocateforconstructionofinfrastructurefordistributionofalternativeenergysourcestofacilitateeasyaccessibilityofthesame.2. Promoteuseofwoodfuelefficienttechnologiesandwoodwastes.3. Promoteandsupportprivateinvestmentinefficientandalternativewoodtechnologies.4. Pilotandpromotinguseofmoreefficientwoodtechnologieswithprivatesectorassistance.5. Adoptandbuildcapacityinimprovedandcost-efficientforestproductutilizationtechnologiesanduseofimprovedcookingstoves.6. Encouragetreesplantingonfarmsland/orwoodlotsforuseasfuelwood.7. Assistcommunitiestoaccessfirewoodand/orcharcoalenergysavingstovesinordertoreducepressureonforestsandreduceworkloadoffuel-woodcollectors.8. Lobbyfortaxreductiononothersourcesofenergytoencourageenergyswitchbypoorruralandurbancommunities.9. Promoteandencouragetheuseofefficienttechnologiesincharcoalproduction.C. MeetHighdemandofwoodandwoodproducts1. Launchlarge-scaleafforestationprojectslikeBillionTreesAfforestationProjecttobridgethegapbetweenwoodsupplyanddemand.2. Promoteuseofalternativestowoodproducts.3. Supportdevelopmentofmanagementplansofnaturalforestswithharvestingcoups.4. Promoteefficientuseofwoodproducts.

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5. Promotetechnologiestoincreasedurabilityofwoodproducts.6. Promotingtheplantingoffastgrowingtreespecies.7. Promotingplantingoftreespeciesonfarmlands,rangelandsandbarrenlands.8. Promoteprivateandcommunalwoodlotstoreducecuttingoftreesanduseofwoodfromnaturalforests.9. Promotecorporateprivatesector,especiallythoseindustriesandsectorsthatusewood(suchastobaccocompanies,chipboard/particleboardandotherwood

usingindustries,matchmakingfactories,brickkilns,etc.)toprovidefinancingfortreeplanting(toreducepressureonnaturalforests.10. Encouragebanksandotherlendinginstitutionstoprovidecredittotreegrowers.11. Createwell-stockedandnormalforeststomeetdemand.D. Poorfarmingsystems1. Introduce/promoteinnovationsthatcontributetoreducingcarbonemissionsfromproductiveactivities.2. SupporttheenhancementofhumanresourcecapacityformitigatingclimatechangeimpactsincludingREDD+.3. Supportinterventionsthatensurecommunitiesuseappropriatehighvalueperennialhorticulturalcropsintermsofbetteryields,environmentalfriendliness,and

highvaluethatwillgeneratehigherincomeonsmallerpiecesofland.4. Supportagro-ecosystemsthatpromotesoilfertility,productivityandcropprotection.5. Promote application of appropriate technologies for sustainable land management such as soil and water conservation, conservation agriculture and in-situ

rainwaterharvesting.6. Promoteagro-forestrysoastoavailtreeandwoodproductsaswellasincreasingthelandcoverundercroppingland.7. Promoteappropriatetechnologiesandrotationalgrazinginrangeandpastoralslandsoastoavoidoverstockingandovergrazing.8. Ensureeffectiveimplementationoftherelevantpoliciesandprograms.9. Ensureeffectiveenforcementoftherelevantpiecesoflegislations10. Supportandpromoteclimate-smartagriculture.11. Supportandpromoteclimate-smartlivestockrearing.12. Supportandpromoteintegratedlandscapemanagementprojectsincollaborationwithagricultureandlivestockdepartments.13. DevelopprojectproposalsforGreenClimateFundfundingincollaborationwithagricultureandlivestockdepartments.14. Advocateforgovernmentpolicyonlarge-scaleinvestmentsinthecontextorREDD+.15. Supportdevelopmentandimplementationofintegratednaturalresourcesmanagementandlanduseplanning.E. Povertyandinadequatelivelihoodalternatives1. Advocateforlaunchingandscalingupinvestmentinareadevelopmentprojectsandemploymentprogramstargetingtoruralareastoreduceforestdependency.2. Advocateforinvestinginsustainableforest-basedenterprisestocreatemoreemploymentopportunitiesintheforestrysector(forbothtimberandNTFPs).3. Providevocationaleducationtocreateskill-basedtrainingopportunityforeconomicallypoorandmarginalizedpeoples.4. Advocateforestablishingenvironmentaltaxmechanismandusingrevenuestogenerateemploymentalternatives.5. Advocateforchannellinglocalgovernmentresources(i.e.,matchingfundsandresourceleverage)toforest-dependentcommunitiestopromotelivelihoodshifts

and/orimprovements.6. AdvocateforandpromotePaymentsforEnvironmentalServices(PES)mechanismsforincomegeneration.

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7. Advocateforandpromotebiomassconservationinitiatives.8. Enhanceeffectiveimplementationofrelevantpolicies9. Promotetreefarmingasentrepreneurshipinitiatives10. Initiateanincentiveprogramforindividualsinstitutinganyinterventionthathinderstheimpactofdriverstodeforestationanddegradationofforestsduringinitial

stagebeforestartingrealizingotherbenefitsoftheinterventionsuchasincreasedlandproductivityF. Weaklawenforcement1. Scale–upforestpatrollingandprotectionregimes.2. Strengthenincentivepackagesforbothgovernmentofficialsandcommunity-basedforestmanagementgroups.3. Createawarenessonforestlawenforcementissues.4. Integrateenforcementofforestandotherenvironmentallawsandprotocols.5. Implementeffective,participatoryMandEmechanismsatdifferentlevels.6. Advocate forenactmentandenforcementof laws insectorssuchasagriculture,mining, localgovernmentas tools toavoiddriversofdeforestationandforest

degradationfromthesesectors.H. Weakforestgovernance

1. Defineforestrelatedpropertyrightsandacceleratingparticipatorylanduseplanningsothatforestsdonotremainasopenaccessresources.2. Ensureadequatefinancial,technicalandmanagerialcapacityforefficientenforcementofforestlawsatalllevels.3. Supportforestrysectorinstitutionalreformtoincreaseaccountabilityandtransparency.4. Strengthen inter-sectoral coordination andNGO/private sector coordination in order to harmonize approaches, avoid duplication, competition and conflict in

implementationofinterventionsandensureeffectiveuseofresources.5. Harmonizepoliciesandlegislativeinstrumentsrelatedtoforestresources.6. Monitorallforestinvestmentsanddevelopmentprojectstoensureadherenceto7. thesectorspecificEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)guidelines.8. Promoteintegratedplanning,monitoringandevaluationofallforestdevelopmentprojects.9. Developpoliciesthatencourageprivateplantations,woodlotsandTreesoutsideForests.

I. AddressingmarketUncertainties/Failures

1. Movefromtimber-basedforestmanagementplanningthatvaluesthecuttingoftreestoenvironmentalservicesforestmanagementplanningthatvaluesstandingtreesinthemarkets.2. Operationalizepaymentforenvironmentalservices(PES)asapovertyreductionstrategyforcommunitiesinvolvedinprotectionofforestresources.3. Promoteandadvocate foreconomicmarketpricingof forestproductsandservices insteadof thecommonlyusedmarketwhichareoftendistortedby lackof

environmentalaccountingandpolicyfailures.

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4. Studytheforestproduct(timberandwoodfuel)valuechainstoidentifyweaknessesand“leakage”andassessingopportunitiesfortacklingthem.5. Developamechanismtoengagetheprivatesectorintheforestsectorfortheentirevaluechainofforestproducts,fromplantingtoend-productdevelopment.6. Carryoutstudiestoidentifyalternativestothecurrenttaxandroyaltysystemsforforestproductsandimplementingrecommendationstofosteramorecompetitive

economicmarket-orientedsystem.7. Promotecertificationandsalesofvalueaddedforestproducts.J. Highillegaldemandforforestproducts1. Sensitizeotherlawenforcingagencies,judiciaryandcivilsocietyandcollaboratewiththemforeffectiveforestlawenforcement–especiallyatmostvulnerableand

sensitivepoints.2. Studypotentialforinvolvementoflocalcommunitiesinforestlawenforcementandregulatingthemovementofforestproducts.3. Promotelarge-scaleprivateplantationstomeetbothdomesticandAfghanmarketdemands.4. Developforestcrimeprevention,detection,andadjudicationstrategieswithotherstakeholdergroups.5. PromoteexchangevisitsofForestStaffandforestownerstosuccessfulREDD+Projectsareasforgreaterawarenessraisingandsensitizationandmakeuseoftheir

lessonslearned.6. Promotetheconservationandtreatmentofwoodproductsforgreaterlongevity.K. Insecurelandandforesttenure1. Supportandfacilitateparticipatorylanduseplanninginvolvingbothownersandnon-owners’users.2. AdvocateforearlyLandSettlementinareaswherelandsettlementhasnotbeendone.3. AdvocatefordeclarationofResumedLandsasReserveForestsinsteadoftheirpresentstatusofProtectedForests.4. AdvocateforcomputerizationofForestLandsRecords.5. UndertakedemarcationofforestallforestlandsonaprioritybasisandhaveGPScoordinatesoftheboundarypillars.L. Inadequatefundingforforestresourcesmanagement1. Enhancemechanisms forploughingbackofgovernmentshareof forest royalties to theForestDepartment forgreater investments in forest rehabilitationand

restoration.2. IncreaseshareofforestrysectorintheAnnualDevelopmentProgramaccordingtoimportanceofthesector.3. AdvocateformakingWatershedtreatmentanintegralpartofallDamsprojects.4. AdvocateformakingprovisionsforRoadsideplantinginallRoadsandHighwaysprojects.5. AdvocateforpayingtotheprovinceforitswatershedservicesundertheNFCAward.6. AdvocateforaforestrysectorcomponentinallAreaDevelopmentProjectsinthehillyareas.7. Advocateforlevyinganenvironmentaltaxonallindustriesusingforestproductsandusingthattaxmoneyforforestrydevelopment.8. PrepareprojectsforfundingundertheGreenClimateFund.9. Exploreotherpotentialfinancingoptions,includingthecoalenergyprojectsunderCPECforcarbonsequestrationroleoftreesandforests.

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10. PromotePEStosupportsustainableforestmanagement.11. Devisemechanismsforgreaterdonorfundingfrombilateral,multilateralandprivateforeigndirectinvestmentinforestrysector.M. Woodspeciespreferencesforplantingoffastgrowingmultiplepurposespecies1. PromotetheuseoffastgrowingmorevaluabletreespecieslikeWalnutsinitstreeplantingprograms.2. Promotingenvironmentally-friendlywoodutilizationtechnologies.3. Promoteplantingandawarenessraisingonfastgrowingtreespeciesanddispeltheuncalledfornegativepropagandaagainstcertainspecies.N. Lowlevelsofawarenessontheeffectsofgirdling,fireandotherepidemicstotheforestecosystemsandthedynamicsofthesephenomena1. Enhancecommunityparticipationandawarenessraisinginforestfires,insects’pestsanddiseasesepidemicsmanagement2. DevelopinstitutionalandtechnicalcapabilityoftheCommunityDevelopment,ExtensionandGenderDevelopmentDirectorateforpublicityandextensionservices

tolocalcommunity-basedinstitutions,privatesectors,mediaandCSOsforawarenessraisingonforestecosystemsandtheirdynamics.3. Promoteawarenessraisingonforestecosystemsandtheirdynamicstoreligiousleadersandotherpublicopinionmakers.4. Includeawarenessraisingaboutforestecosystems,theirfunctionsandservicesanddynamicsinschools,collegesanduniversitiescurricula.5. DevelopanddisseminateaREDD+InformationandCommunicationstrategy.6. SupportimplementationofREDD+InformationandCommunicationstrategy.O. DealingwithFiresEffectivedealingwithforestfiresiscriticaltoreducingGHGemissionsfromKPforests.Besidesreleasingcarbonfromburningtrees,suchfiresalsocanhaveotherdestructiveimpactsresultinginmorefiresandemissions.Firesmayleadtothedeathofyoungregenerationandsometimeevenoldtreesinthecanopy.Duetofireswhenthecanopybecomesmoreopenandtheaccumulatedlitterdriesisburnt,theforestbecomesevenmoresusceptibletofire.P. Dealingwitharsonicfires1. Improverelationshipbetweenforestmanagementpractitionersandforestadjacentcommunities.2. Developingeffectivemechanismforforestfiremonitoringandcontrol.3. Developandimplementprojectproposalsonforestfirescontrol,especiallyinChirZoneandothervulnerableforests.4. Developforestfirestrategyandenlistthesupportoflocalcommunitiesandotherlawenforcingagenciesenforcelegalprovisionsrelatingforestfiresmanagement.5. TrainforestprosecutorsandraisingawarenessofForestMagistrates.6. Establishenvironmentalfriendlyactivitiesintheforests(e.g.Beekeeping,harvestingoffodderforzerograzinglivestock).Q. Inadequatewarningsystemsforwildfires1. Developandmakegreateruseofremotesensingforestfiresdetectionsystem.2. Makeuseofforestfirehazardmodelsdevelopedelsewhereintheworldwithsimilarclimaticconditions.3. Developandmakeuseofaneffectivefiredetectionandresponsenetworkduringthefireseason.

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R. Weakforestfiremanagement1. Implementplansforsustainablemanagementofforestthatenhanceforestproductivityunderdifferentforestmanagementregimes.2. Promotingcross-borderforestfiresmanagementwithCapitalDevelopmentAuthorityandGovernmentofPunjab.3. Enhanceforestfiresmanagement.4. Periodicallydevelopandimplementcommunity-basedforestfiremanagementplansbasedonriskassessment.5. Promotecommunityparticipationinforestfiremanagementandfirecontrol.6. Developtechnicalcapacityamongallstakeholders.7. Whenresourcespermit,establishingaforestfiresurveillanceandresponseunitinvulnerableareasduringthefireseason.P. DetrimentalculturalpracticesSome local communitiesare likely tomakewastefuluseofwoodonspecialoccasions likemarriageceremoniesandon funeralsoccasionsand thereforecontribute tounsustainableforestresourcemanagement.Thecultureofgirdlinganddebarkingtrees,practicesofshiftingcultivation,keepingoflargeherdsofcattleasasignofwealth,orsettingoffiresforbetterfoddergrowtharesomeoftheculturalpracticesthataredetrimentaltoforestresourcemanagement.Theseneedtobediscouraged,forwhichthefollowingstrategicactionsareproposed:1. Educateandadvocateforabandoningtheseenvironmentally,sociallyandeconomicallyunfriendlytraditionsandculturalbeliefs.2. Enhanceawarenessraisingofallsegmentsofsocietyontheseunwarrantedanddestructivepractices.3. MakeuseofreligiousleadersandtheirFridaySermonstocreateawarenessaboutthesepractices.4. Enforcelaws,regulationsandby-laws.5. DevelopandsupportimplementationofaProvincialEnvironmentalEducationandCommunicationStrategy(PEECS)incollaborationwithorganizationslikeIUCN

andWWF.7. Encourageandsupportapplicationofusefultraditionalknowledgeandparticipationofinfluentialleaders.8. IntroduceBeekeepingandotherNTFPpracticesinforeststodiversifythelivelihoodsoflocalcommunities.Q. TheAfghanRefugeesFactor1. SeekdonorfundingforthenegativeimpactofAfghanRefugeesonforestsinKP.2. PromoteawarenessabouttheimpactofRefugeesonforestresourcesandREDD+program.3. Properlanduseplanningandmonitoringofactivitiesbyrefugees.R. Rapidpopulationgrowth1. Supportfamilyplanningprograms.2. EnhanceLandUsePlanning3. Improveforestsproductionandproductivityperunitarea.

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S. Lackoflanduseplansandlanduseconflicts1. Promoteintegratedsectoralplanning,monitoringandevaluationoflanduseplanning2. Developandimplementparticipatorylanduseplansusingintegratedriverbasin/watershedmanagementapproaches.3. PromoteandmakegreateruseofGIStechnologyinforestplanningandmanagement.4. Advocate for and support the Provincial Planning and Development Department in devising and using proper land use planning approaches to develop and

implementProvincialandDistrictLandUsePlansinthecontextofREDD+.4. Documentlessonslearnedandexperiencesfromareaswheresuchlanduseplansaresuccessfullyused.5. Advocateforandsupportdemarcationandmappingofallvillagelandsandcomputerizationoflandrecords.6. ConductastudyonForestLandTenureSystemsanddevelopclearengenderedguidelinesforforestlandtenure.7. Advocateforlandtenurereformatbothprovincialandlocallevels.8. Study/reviewtheimpactsoflandtenurereformsonforestprotectionandimprovedgovernanceinotherpartsoftheworldandwidelydisseminateandsharethe

findings.9. Developandenforcetenurerelatedby-laws,ifpossible.10. DevelopingbufferzonesaroundREDD+PilotProjectAreasandclearforestboundaries.11. Promoteequitablecost-benefitsharingamongvariouslandusers.T. Dryseasonfoddershortage1. AdvocateandincollaborationwithAgricultureandLivestockDepartmentsdevelopandexecuteplanstopromotedryseasonfodderproductiononprivateand

generallands.2. Implementeffectiveplansforsustainablemanagementofforestthatenhancesforageproductivityunderdifferentforestmanagementregimes3. AdvocateforandpromoteincollaborationwithAgriculture/LivestockDepartmentstechnologiesforandenhanceaccesstoconcentratefeedatlocallevel.4. Advocateforscalingupfodderreservesystem,especiallysilageandhay,foruseduringslackperiods5. DevelopandimplementaStrategyforeffectivecollaborationwithAgricultureandLivestockDepartments.6. Promoterotationallivestockgrazinginforestsandplantedareas.U. Introductionofalienandinvasivespecies1. Conductdetailstudiesbeforeintroducingexoticspeciese.ginvasivenessbehaviourofvariousspeciesasenvironmentalsafeguardunderREDD+.2. IncreasemonitoringofimportingandplantingofexoticspeciesV. Neweconomicgrowthprospects(i.e.oil,gas,andmining)1. AdvocateforcarryingoutcredibleEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentsofsuchdevelopmentworksinforestareastodiscourageunnecessaryminingandquarrying.2. Promoteintegratedsectoralplanning,monitoringandevaluationofneweconomicprospectsdevelopmentprojects.

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3. Advocateandaskformakingprovisionsforthecompulsorysubstitutionofequivalentforestlandusedfornon-forestrylanduses.4. PromotetheuseofGIStechnologyinplanning.W. AddressingLeakageIssuesLeakagesinthecontextofREDD+aretheincreaseinGHGemissions/decreaseinremovalsthat(a)occuroutsidetheprojectarea,(b)aremeasurable,and(c)aretheresultof/fromprojectactivities.Thefollowingthreekindsofleakagesareimportantandwillbetackledasindicatedbelow.

1. Marketleakages:Theseleakagesareduetochangesinsupplyanddemandequilibriumthatoccurwhenwoodproductionsitesmoveoutsidetheprojectarea.Marketleakagewouldbeestimatedwhentheprojecthasasignificantimpactontimberproduction.Forconservativeestimation,positiveleakages(whereGHGemissionsdecreaseorremovalsincreaseoutsidetheprojectareaasaresultofprojectactivities)areexcludedfromanyestimation.

2. Leakagesbyactivity-shifting:Theseoccurwhenactualdriversofdeforestation/forestdegradationareshiftedfromoneprojectareatoanotherareaandcausedeforestation/forestdegradationthere.Theseareimportantandwillbeassessedusing“ToolfortestingsignificanceofGHGEmissionsinA/RCDMProjectActivities.”

3. Ecologicalleakages:Thisleakageisuniquetowetlandsandpeatlands.SuchtypeofleakagesoccurswhenchangesinthehydrologicalecosystemsintheprojectareaaffectGHGemissionsinotherareas.ThesearenotimportantinthecontextofKPREDD+ProgramandthereforewillnotbeestimatedatleastatthePilotTestingstage.

4. AleakagewouldnotbeincludedintheestimationwhenleakageisfoundtobeinsignificantbasedonanassessmentusingtheDirectmonitoringorindirectmonitoringbasedonscientificknowledgewouldbeusedwhenestimatingleakageemissions.Whenleakageestimationneedshighcostandeffort,itmaybeexcludedfromtheleakageestimation(excludedfrommonitoring)byexplainingthereason.

X. AddressingNon-PermanenceandReversalIssues1. IfNon-Permanenceresultingfromlogging,diseasesandinsectpestsorfrequentforestfiresoccursintheprojectarea,theprojectwillKPREDD+programwillhave

todemonstratethattheseactivitieshavenoimpactonsustainableforestmanagementintheprojectarea.Inotherwords,ithastobedemonstratedthattheseactivitiesdonotaffectthepermanenceoftheproject.

2. Incaseotheractivitiesthatcouldhaveanimpactoncarbonstockchangesoccur,itwilldemonstratethattheseactivitiesdonotaffectthepermanenceoftheprojecteither.

3. Whenassessingthenon-permanenceriskofaREDD-plusproject,thenon-permanenceriskreportwillbepreparedatthetimeofvalidationorverification.Thereportwillbepreparedusingrelevantriskanalysistoolsandrelevantguidelines.

4. Theamountofbuffercreditstobedepositedinthebufferaccountwillbecalculatedbasedonanon-permanenceriskreportthathasbeenreviewedbyavalidationorverificationbody.

5. Anon-permanenceriskanalysiswouldbeperformedateachverificationcarriedoutatleastonceevery3-10yearsasalreadyagreedon.

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OverallPotentialBenefitsoftheseOptions

• Jobcreation,• Improvedhealthcare,• Alternativesourcesofenergy,• Bettereducation,and• EnvironmentalpreservationoftheareawherethereareanumberofendangeredspeciessuchasSnowLeopardandWesternTragopan

OverallSocialandEnvironmentalrisksoftheseOptions

• ForestcommunitiesinKhyberPakhtunkhwaarenotinformed,involvedandneglected,• Forestcommunities’resourcesareexploitedatthecostoftheirlivingandenvironment,• Rurallivelihood,moststurdilyofthoseatthelowestofthesocio-economicscaleisaffected,and• Limitedalternatesourcesoffuel,employmentopportunities

Documents

Preliminary identification of social and environmental ... · 1 Water scarcity (upstream water diversion, sea intrusion, drought) To ensure regular downstream flow Introduction of