Prejudice & Discriminationin Canada

Is it still a problem?

Is it still a problem?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VspgieHwHKA

•Prejudice: Attitudes towards members of a group solely based on their membership in that group (can be positive or negative)

•Discrimination: Positive or negative actions exclusively towards the object of prejudice

•Stereotypes: Generalizations about the “typical” characteristics of members of the groups

Misconceptions

Racism•Multiculturalism threatens national unity•Multiculturalism only benefits immigrants and visible minorities

Sexism•Protesting sexism is divisive•Only women experience sexism

Heterosexism•Girls and young women are more likely than boys and young men to suffer verbal and physical harassment because of their sexual orientation.•The popular misconception is that straight boys are more likely to be bullies, and have the opportunity to bully gay boys in gym locker rooms and washrooms where there is no adult supervision

Lens #1: Anthropology

•committed to intimidate, harm, or terrify not only a single victim, but an entire group to which the victim belongs.

•can target a person, a group, or a property

•intimidation, harassment, and usage/threats of physical force

Hate Crimes

Common motivations are:

Race

Religion

Sexual Orientation

Gender

Most common motive is racism

Lens #1: AnthropologyHate Crimes

Income Gap

•Males’ income > Females’ income

•1978-1988, ratio is approx. 1 : 0.64

•1998-2008, ratio is approx. 1 : 0.71

•1996, median income of aboriginals is only 56% of other Canadians

•Without gov’t support, it will take 63 years for income gap to disappear

Lens #1: AnthropologyHate Crimes

Cultural Discrimination - Aboriginals

•Europeans settlers had strong prejudice against Aboriginals

•Considered them inferior

•Denied that they had religious beliefs; tries to convert them to the settlers’ religion instead

•Tried to assimilate them into settler culture

•Residential schools

Lens #1: AnthropologyHate Crimes

Canadian Pacific Railway and Its Workers.

•17, 000+ Chinese workers brought to Canada to work on the CPR

Horrible working conditions:

•Given dangerous and most difficult jobs

•Paid $1 per day, still had to pay for food/supplies

•No proper medical care

•White workers had better conditions

Lens #2: Psychology

•Emotionally unstable•Depressed•Stereotype threat •Self-handicapping •Disengagement•Misidentification

Psychological Effects

Lens #2: Psychology

•Experiment 1 involved African American and Caucasian college students who took a difficult test using items from the GRE Verbal exam

•In Experiment 3, African American and Caucasian undergraduates completed a task that was described either as assessing or not assessing intellectual ability.

Experiments by Steele & Aronson, 1995 

Lens #3:Sociology

Government

•First Nations child and family services program is discriminating

•Flawed and inequitable

•Government of Canada to appearbefore the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

•Children living on reserves receive 22% less funding

Lens #3:Sociology

Prison

•First Nations are overrepresented in prisons

•4% of population is Aboriginal

•Make up 23% of Canada’s federal prison inmate population

•Sentences are longer, spend more time in segregation/maximum security, less likely to be given parole

Lens #3:Sociology

Quebec

•Quebec soccer federation is not allowing Sikh kids to wear a turban

•Claim that it is a safety hazard

•Canadian Soccer Association states that turbans should be allowed

Argument: Racism

No• First country to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy• Multicultural

Yes•Aboriginals

Argument: Racism

Argument: Sexism

No•Kathleen Wynne

Yes•The survey found that 31% of Canadian boys believe that a woman's most important role is to take care of her home and cook for the family. Just 15% of boys in the U.K. share this view, while 73% in India agree.•“While the Men Watch”: CBC program•Business•63% female gamers experience sexism

Argument: Heterosexism

No•2005 - 1st country outside Europe, 4th country in the world to legalize gay marriage•Court decisions, starting in 2003, had already legalized it in 8 out of ten provinces

Yes•Schools•Catholic Church

Conclusion

Discrimination is STILL a problem in Canada

Solutions:

Education Integration

QUIZ

1) What is the most common motive for hate crimes?

2) Which race/ethnicity is targeted the most by hate crimes according to this presentation?

3) Name 2 psychological effects of prejudice/discrimination.

4) Describe Experiment 3 by Steele & Aronson.

5) Name 1 way First Nations are discriminated against in prisons.

6) How does the Quebec Soccer Federation discriminate against people?

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