PREFACE Material... · 2018-07-03 · PREFACE The role of computers cannot be ignored in today’s time. The invention of computers has led mankind towards a tremendous progress and

PREFACEThe role of computers cannot be ignored in today’s

time. The invention of computers has led mankind towards a tremendous progress and change in various aspects of their lives. From being perceived simply as a calculating machine to a machine with intelligence comparable to that of human beings, computers have almost become a part of our daily life.

Therefore, to keep pace with the modern times, computer education has become an integral part of our syllabus. Like other subjects, computer teaching aims to enable learners to be equipped with all the information of the subject. The Teacher’s Manuals for Click2Know for classes I to VIII empower the teachers to explain the lessons of the subject in a planned, easy and holistic manner.

The lesson plans of the Teacher’s Manuals cover the explanation of almost all the important topics as discussed in the chapters in an interactive manner, keeping the needs and level-appropriateness of the learner in mind. Apart from the lesson plans, answers to the exercises are explained in detail. The teacher is also guided to encourage hands–on learning of the topics through the In the Lab and Research activities.

CONTENTSCONTENTS

1. Evolution of Computer....................... 5

2. Managing Files and Folders in MS Windows ................................... 8

3. Inserting Tables and Pictures in MS Word 2007 ................................10

4. Insert Features of MS Word 2007 ..........12

5. Computer Memory ...........................16

6. Formatting in MS PowerPoint 2007 .......... 19

7. Inserting Objects in MS PowerPoint 2007 .........................21

8. MSWLogo Colours ............................23

9. MSWLogo Procedures ........................24

10. Flowcharting .................................26

Testing Time-1 ...............................28

Testing Time-2 ...............................29

Notes ......................................30-31

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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionStart the class by asking students the following questions: a. How did the early man calculate? b. Did the early man use any device? c. How did people calculate when there were no calculators

or computers? d. How do machines help us?

History and Generations of Computer• Discuss the various machines in the class.• Show an abacus and make the students calculate simple

sums on addition.• Talk about the analytical engine.• Discuss the role of Lady Ada Lovelace as she was the fi rst

programmer, and without her understanding, Charles Babbage machine could not have worked.

• Discuss that with the inventions of diff erent electronic devices, the division of time on the basis of technology upgrade is called ‘Generation’ of computers. With each new technology, the beginning of a new generation is marked.

• Talk about the diff erent devices such as transistors, ICs and microprocessors, and how they have changed the functioning of a computer system.

• Talk about the huge size machines and the system they work on is the eff ort and hard work of various geniuses.

• Ask the students to: — create a report on history of computers. — create a PowerPoint presentation on generations of

computers. — encourage the students to look for more information on

the Internet.

Evolution of Computer1

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REINFORCEMENT• After explaining the chapter and assessing students with the

help of EXERCISES, ask them to do the IN THE LAB activity and hold GROUP DISCUSSION on the topic given at the end of the chapter.

Answers to Exercises

of the chapter.

1. A. F b. F c. T d. F e. F

2. a. Leibnitz calculator is the improvised Pascaline. Both machines could do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

b. • ENIAC could calculate addition of two numbers that was achieved in 200 microseconds, and multiplication in 2,800 microseconds.

• EDVAC used binary numbers, i.e., 0 or 1 rather than decimal numbers, thus simplifi ed the calculation of the arithmetic units.

• UNIVAC was the fi rst computer to be widely used for commercial purposes, as it was small in size.

c. Analytical Engine is known as the fi rst computer as it had a central processing unit and a separate storage area like the computers today have.

d. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace suggested Babbage a plan for how the engine could calculate. She is considered as the fi rst computer programmer.

e. Jacquard’s loom used a punched card device to control the movements of the machine and do the repetitive tasks. It formed the basis of storing information on the punched cards.

f. The generation of computer means the gap between the developments of the computer in terms of technologies. Each generation of computer is characterised by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in smaller, cheaper, more powerful, effi cient and reliable devices.

g. Electronic components used in diff erent generations are: Vacuum tube: It is a device sometimes used to amplify

electronic signals. Tubes operate at higher voltages than transistors.

Transistor: It was invented in 1947. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become

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smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-effi cient and more reliable than their fi rst-generation computers. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube.

Integrated Circuit: Another name for a chip, an integrated circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made from a semiconductor material. The fi rst IC was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor. ICs are used for a variety of devices.

Microprocessor: It is a silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeable. It also controls the logic of almost all digital devices.

h. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce invented almost identical ICs in 1959.

i. Features of each generation of computers are:

3. a. Abacus b. Pascaline c. 1834 d. US Census e. John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchley

4. a. iii b. iv c. ii d. v e. i

HOTSFor making robots, computers with Artifi cial Intelligence or the Fifth generation computers are used.

• Go through the NOTE FOR THE TEACHER, and follow the points given in it. This will give a hands-on experience to the students to understand the chapter well.

Note for the Teacher• Go through the NOTE FOR THE TEACHER, and follow the points

Note for the Teacher

Click2Know–58

CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionAsk the students questions like: • Do you arrange all the papers of the same subjects

together? • Do you think you can work easily if all your fi les or

notebooks are arranged well?

Files and Folders• Explain the diff erence between a fi le and a folder.• Introduce the term libraries in a computer.• Demonstrate the steps to create a new folder.• Demonstrate the steps to rename a fi le.• Explain the meaning of each folder option and demonstrate

that if they change the option, it will aff ect the way folder opens or the fi le displays the icons on thumbnails.

• Show how the large, medium and small icons look.• Demonstrate the steps to search a fi le or a folder.• Demonstrate the steps to delete a a folder.• Tell the students the importance of organising their things

at home from time to time; and how they should take care of their things and their computer.


help of EXERCISES, ask them to do the IN THE LAB activity and RESEARCH given at the end of the chapter.

Managing Files and Folders in MS Windows

2

Answers to Exercises1. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T

2. a. fi le b. 255; 8

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c. Documents, Music, Pictures, Videos d. Libraries e. Details

3. a. A fi le is a piece of information. A folder is a collection of fi les. Library is similar to a folder. It is where you manage your documents, music, pictures and other fi les.

b. If you delete an item from a library, it will still remain in its original folder, since libraries do not actually store your items.

c. Write the steps to change the view. The diff erent ways to view an icon are:

• Extra Large Icon—is a great option if you want to see a large preview of your pictures or if you have poor vision.

• Large Icon—is a little smaller than Extra Large Icons. • Medium Icons and Small Icons are even smaller than Large

Icons. d. The folder options are General, View and Search In the General tab, under the Browse folders section, ensure

that ‘Open each folder in the same window’ is selected. If you choose to ‘Open each folder in its own window’; fi les will get cluttered very quickly.

In the View tab, select Display, the full path in the address bar and Display fi le icon on thumbnails. This will display every folder in the address bar that you had to browse through to get to the location of the fi le you are looking for.

HOTSLibrary folder in a computer is similar to the library in a school because it is well organised as per the subjects. In Computer’s Library, there are four default libraries (Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos); but you can create new libraries for other collections.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionDiscuss the importance of inserting text in a tabular form and how the pictures in a document make it more attractive and colourful.

Pages• Take the students to a computer lab.• Demonstrate the diff erent options in Page group.

Tables• Demonstrate how to insert/delete a table, add/delete a

row and column, apply table styles, modify a table, merge or split cells in a table.

Pictures, Clip Art, • Demonstrate how to insert pictures using clip art, applying

picture styles.



Inserting Tables and Pictures in MS Word 2007

3


1. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T

2. a. Enter b. Clip Art c. Tables

d. Cell e. splitting

3. a. i b. ii c. i d. i e. ii

4. a. v b. iv c. i d. ii e. iii

5. a. A table is a grid of cells arranged in rows and columns.

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c. Cover page is a fully formatted cover page. It is added at the front of the document. A blank page is added anywhere in the document.

GROUP DISCUSSIONTables are useful for various tasks such as presenting text information and numerical data in a more systematic way.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionShare with students that there are more features of MS Word that they need to learn to make the document more appealing and to present information better.

ShapesDemonstrate the steps to insert shapes, change shape style, shape fi ll colour, shape outline, change to a diff erent shape, change to 3D eff ects in a document. You may ask the students to create a collage of diff erent shapes.

SmartArt• Demonstrate the steps to insert a SmartArt illustration.• Explain the importance of SmartArt. • Demonstrate how to add text to a SmartArt graphic.

Charts• Explain the importance of charts.• Make the students familiar with diff erent types of charts.• Demonstrate the steps to insert a chart.

Header and Footer• Explain why header and footer are important in a word

document.• Demonstrate the steps to insert a header and footer. Also,

show how to insert date or time in a header or a footer.

Page NumberExplain that page number plays an important role when the document is too lengthy. It is easy to go directly to a page by just entering a page number.

TextExplain how to insert a text box from both Insert tab and Shapes.

Insert Features of MS Word 2007

4

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1. a. T b. F c. T d. F e. F

2. a. Shapes b. header c. Page Number d. Date & Time e. equation

3. a. i b. i c. ii d. i

4. a. WordArt command inserts special text eff ects in the document. For example, you can stretch a title; skew the text; make the text fi t a preset shape; or apply a gradient fi ll. This WordArt becomes an object that you can move in your document to add emphasis.

WordArtStudents will fi nd this feature very interesting as they will be able to write titles with special eff ects.

Drop Cap, Symbols• Ask the students if they need to write pound or euro sign,

and then what will they do.• They can fi nd dollar sign on the keyboard but what about

other symbols.• Introduce the Symbols option in MS Word and demonstrate

the steps to insert a symbol.

Spelling and GrammarExplain to the students that when we type some text in Word, we might make a spelling mistake or the sentence may not be grammatically correct. Tell them that this feature highlights the language errors in your document.

ThesaurusExplain to the students that at times a word may not be apt in a sentence. For your ease, the feature of MS Word comes handy. You may easily look for synonyms.



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c. Headers can be used to give detailed document titles or author information. Footers can be used to provide page number and date information.

d. Drop Cap e. Thesaurus provides a list of synonyms for a given word. g. The style options for shapes are—Shape Styles, Shape Fill,

Shape Outline, Change Shape.

HOTSSmartArt allows you to visually communicate information rather than simply using text. Illustrations can enhance your document, and SmartArt makes using graphics especially easy. You can use to illustrate and organise many diff erent types of ideas.For example;Listing the tasks.

Illustrating the step-by-step process as to how to run a report.

• Complete lessons• Correct lessons

Practice Lessons

• Complete 5 times• At least 3 with passing scores

Practice Test

• Take exam• Pass exam

Industry Certifi cation

Exam

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Illustrating the workfl ow within and across teams.




Click2Know–516

CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionAsk the students questions like: • How do you remember things?• Have you ever wondered how computers store or save your

work?

Binary Digits• Introduce the term bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte and

gigabyte.• Relate the units of memory with the units of weight and

length. • Talk about the diff erent devices that have memory.

MemoryExplain what is memory and how it is classifi ed.

Internal MemoryExplain RAM and ROM. Help the students diff erentiate between the two.

External MemoryShow pictures to the students and explain them about hard disk, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, Pen drive, Memory stick, etc.

REINFORCEMENT• After explaining the chapter and assessing students with

the help of EXERCISES, ask them to do the RESEARCH work given at the end of the chapter.

Computer Memory5

Answers to Exercises1. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T f. T

2. a. 4 b. 10–6 or 2–16

c. 0.002 (considering as 1000 units instead of 1024) or 2-9

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d. external memory e. fi xed disks, Winchesters

3. a.

b. External storage devices: Hard Disk, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, Pen

Drive, Memory sticks

c.

d.

e.

HOTS

1. If there is no memory, we will not be able to store data in future and hence the machine will not be as effi cient as it is with memory.

Primary Memory Secondary MemoryInternal memory (primary memory or main memory) of the computer is a built in memory and hence is very limited.

External memory or secondary memory is used to store large volumes of data on a permanent basis.

RAM ROMRandom Access Memory (RAM) is the name given to the group of chips inside the system where the data is held temporarily while the processing takes place.

Read Only Memory (ROM) is held on the chip inside the processor and is used to hold data which cannot be changed by the user.

CDR CD-RWCDR is Compact Disk Recordable. Data on this Disk... can be written once.

CD-RW is Compact Disc Re-writable. The data writ-ten on this disk can also be erased and new data can also be added on the disk.

DVD Blu-rayDVD is an optical storage device. DVD holds large volume of data and is faster to access data in comparison to CD-ROM. It holds data in the range 4.7 GB — 10 GB.

Blu-ray format uses a blue-violet laser and has fi ve times the storage capacity of DVDs and can hold up to 25 GB on a single layer disc and 50 GB on a dual layer disc.

Click2Know–518

2. Mrs Reddy should check the size of the e-learning material and accordingly choose an external storage device.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionStart the chapter with the discussion on the importance of PowerPoint. Ask the students about various components of a PowerPoint window.

Clipboard Group• Discuss and demonstrate the various commands of Clipboard

group.• Reiterate the diff erence between Copy-Paste and Cut-Paste

commands.• Demonstrate the functions of Format painter.

Slides Group• Discuss the various slide options available in New Slide

option.• Demonstrate the steps to duplicate and reuse a slide.

Apply a LayoutDemonstrate how to choose and apply a layout, then reset and delete a layout.

Font GroupExplain that as PowerPoint is an application of MS Offi ce suite, the basic functions of all basic commands remain the same. For example, B will be used to bold the text, I to italicise the text and U to underline the text.

Paragraph GroupExplain the function and demonstrate each command of the Paragraph group.

Drawing GroupExplain the function and demonstrate each command of the Drawing group.

Formatting in MS PowerPoint 2007

6

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help of EXERCISES, ask them to do the IN THE LAB activity given at the end of the chapter.


1. a. F b. T c. F d. T e. F

2. a. Strike through b. Text Shadow c. Shape Outline d. Shape Eff ects e. Shape Fill

3. a. Yes, you can reset the size and formatting to its default setting.

HOTSUse Change Case command to change the titles to uppercase.




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1. a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T

2. a. Shift b. Home c. Footer box d. SmartArt e. List

3. a. Clip Art is a gallery of readymade pictures that can be directly inserted into a document.

CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionDiscuss the diff erent objects that could be inserted into a PowerPoint document.

Tables Group• It is important that the students understand the signifi cance

of use of tables.• Demonstrate the steps to insert a table and adding and

deleting rows and columns in the table.

Illustrations GroupDemonstrate how to insert Clip Art, pictures, photos, shapes, charts, sounds and videos.

Apply a LayoutDemonstrate how to choose and apply a layout, then reset and delete a layout.



Inserting Objects in MS PowerPoint 2007

7

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b. Clip Art is a gallery of readymade pictures whereas SmartArt presents text in a graphical form. Illustrations make an impact in the document and SmartArt makes the use of graphics easy.

c. To delete a text box, click on the border of the box. Once the border is highlighted, press the Delete key.

d. There are seven categories of SmartArt, three of which are List, Process and Cycle.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionTell the students to draw a simple drawing in MSWLogo. Ask them if they can also colour the drawing. Explain to them the concept of colors in MSWLogo.

Commands in MSWLogoDemonstrate the use of diff erent commands in MSWLogo.

REINFORCEMENT• After explaining the chapter and assessing students with

the help of EXERCISES, ask them to do the HOTS activity given at the end of the chapter.

MSWLogo Colours8


1. a. F b. T c. F d. F e. F

2. a. SETPENCOLOR b. Fill c. 15 d. black, blue e. orange

3. b. SETSCREENCOLOR command sets the colour of the drawing area to the specifi ed colour and SETPENCOLOR command changes the colour of the lines drawn by MSWLogo pen/turtle.

c. The default colour of MSWLogo pen is black.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionExplain that small programs are written to make the task easy. What if you write only a single word, such as a square and a square is drawn?

Executing a Procedure• Explain the meaning of procedure.• Demonstrate the steps to execute a procedure.• Introduce the keywords and the To Mode window.

Saving a Procedure• Demonstrate the steps to save a procedure.

Loading a ProcedureDemonstrate the steps to load a procedure.



MSWLogo Procedures9


1. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T

2. a. TO MODE b. space c. Edall d. loaded e. Save

3. a. MSWLogo procedure is a series of saved MSWLogo commands designed to achieve a specifi c objective. A procedure may contain other procedures and/or MSWLogo primitives.

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An MSWLogo procedure has three parts namely, title, body and end.

b. The diff erence between a procedure and a primitive is that a PRIMITIVE is a command built into MSWLogo. On the other hand, a PROCEDURE is a set of commands that the user defi nes.

e. To edit the procedure fi le, fi rst you need to load the procedure fi le into the computer memory, then you can edit it using Edall button in the Commander window to display the Editor window.




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CONCEPT EXPLANATIONIntroductionAsk the students to write the steps to prepare tea or to add two numbers.

Algorithm• Explain that the steps written in a particular sequence form

an algorithm. a. Ask the students to write an algorithm on making a

sandwich.

ProgramExplain the term program. You may show a program in any computer language using the Internet.

Flowchart• Explain the term fl owchart.• Discuss each symbol of fl owchart, telling its use.



Flowcharting10

Answers for Exercises

1. a. A program is a set of step-by-step instructions written in a computer language.

b. A computer understands a programming language. c. An algorithm is a sequence of instructions written to solve a

given problem. d. A computer does not have brain of its own.

2. a. A fl ow chart is the diagrammatic representation of an algorithm.

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b. An algorithm is a sequence of instructions written to solve a given problem.

c. A program is a set of step-by-step instructions written in a computer language.




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1. a. i b. ii c. i d. i e. i f. ii g. i h. i i. ii j. i k. i l. ii m. i n. i o. ii

(Based on Chapters 1 to 5)

TESTING TIME-1 TESTING TIME-2

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TESTING TIME-1

1. a. iv b. i c. i d. i e. ii f. i g. ii h. i i. ii j. i k. i l. i m. ii n. ii o. ii

(Based on Chapters 6 to 10)

TESTING TIME-2

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Notes

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