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Precaution Do not dispose glycerol into the sink as glycerol is flammable and have high viscosity and some will remain in the sink. All apparatus in contact with glycerol should be washed thoroughly. Rubber gloves should be worn when handling pvdf membrane to avoid contamination. Surgical blade should be handled with care as pvdf membrane is slippery to avoid injury. Care should be taken not to shake the table which holds the contact angle goniometer to avoid the water droplet from falling before it reaches a specific volume. Error Meter Ruler used has a precision of 0.1 cm, measurement are always made to the nearest unit (3.45cm as 3.5cm) Roughness of membrane affects the hydrophilicity of the membrane. Rough surfaces are more hydrophilic thus affects the contact angle. The membrane thickness is not uniform, thus affects the micrometer reading. Closing jaw of the micrometer is more or less tight from one measurement to the next. Air cond

Precaution and Error

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Page 1: Precaution and Error

Precaution

Do not dispose glycerol into the sink as glycerol is flammable and have high viscosity and some will remain in the sink. All apparatus in contact with glycerol should be washed thoroughly.

Rubber gloves should be worn when handling pvdf membrane to avoid contamination.

Surgical blade should be handled with care as pvdf membrane is slippery to avoid injury.

Care should be taken not to shake the table which holds the contact angle goniometer to avoid the water droplet from falling before it reaches a specific volume.

Error

Meter Ruler used has a precision of 0.1 cm, measurement are always made to the nearest unit (3.45cm as 3.5cm)

Roughness of membrane affects the hydrophilicity of the membrane. Rough surfaces are more hydrophilic thus affects the contact angle.

The membrane thickness is not uniform, thus affects the micrometer reading.

Closing jaw of the micrometer is more or less tight from one measurement to the next.

Air cond

Ways to improve

Average result, repeat…

Stir longer

Let equipment cool down

Staple

Page 2: Precaution and Error

Rubber gloves should be worn when handling pvdf membrane to avoid contamination.