3,500 3,400 3,300 3,200 3,100 3,000 2,900 2,800 2,700 2,600 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500

Proterozoic Eon

Era

Period

Paleoproterozoic

Siderian Rhyacian Orosirian Statherian Calymmian

Great Lakes Tectonic Rupture I

East Bull Lake Magma Suite (ON)

Huronian Volcanics

Baxter Hollow Granite Intrusion (SC WI)

Baraboo sands deposited Post Baraboo formations deposited (SC WI)

Southern Minnesota-Wisconsin Crustal Collapse

Penokean Orogeny

Wolf River Hydrothermal Event (SC-C WI)

Baraboo/Sioux Interval (Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota)

Mesoproterozoic Neoproterozoic

Grenville Orogeny

Free Oxygen begins to accumulate in the atmosphere

Oxygen Levels reach 21%

Montello Granite Intrusion (NC WI)

Wolf River Intrusion (C WI)

Pre-Quinnesec Formations deposited (NE WI)

Algoman/Kenoran Orogeny

Archean

Neoarchean

Oxygen Levels reach 5%

Marinoan

Sturtian

Gaskiers

Oxygen Levels reach 1%

Quinnesec Formation Intrusions (NE WI)

Northeastern Wisconsin Pre-Dunbar Gneiss Basement ?

Mesoarchean Ectasian Stenian Tonian Cryogenian Ediacaran

Oronto Group (N WI, UP MI)

Precambrian Geologic Events in the Mid-Continent of North America

Kiagas

(Unnam

ed)

Huronian

(Unnam

ed)

(Unnamed)

Sudbury Impact Event

Keewatin Series Volcanics (Sudbury, ON area)

Gow

gand

a Fo

rmat

ion

Fern Creek Formation

Mazatzal Orogeny Trans-Hudson Orogeny

Vaalbara Protocontinent

Ur Protocontinent

Kenorland Supercontinent

Columbia (Nuna) Supercontinent

Rodinia Supercontinent

Pannotia (Vendia)

Supercontinent

= Shallow Igneous

= Deep Igneous

= Rift or Caldera

= Hydrothermal Event

= Sedimentary

= Baraboo Sedimentary

= Baraboo and Related Metamorphism

= Unsure Time-span (all colors)

= Basin Formation

= Mountain Building Event

= Meteor Impact

= Glacial Event

LEGEND

= Sedimentary

Quinnesec Formation Metamorphism (NE WI)

= Metamorphism (all colors)

Matachewan Diabase (Algoma, ON)

Arctica Laurentia Laurentia Laurentia Laurentia Arctica (Pre-Laurentia)

= Known Supercontinents

= Accretion of Supercontinents

= Break-up of Supercontinents

= Large Continents within or independent of Supercontinents

Sudbury Dike Swarm (SE ON)

Cutler Granite Intrusion (ON)

Slate Islands Impact Event ?

Yavapai Orogeny

G-012011-1E Compiled by: Steven D.J. Baumann, Alexandra B. Cory, Micaela M. Krol, Elisa J. Piispa

Jubilee Stock (Wawa ON)

Michipicoten Greenstone Belt (Wawa ON)

Sibley Group Sediments (Sibley Basin, Thunder Bay Area, ON)

Rove Formation

Nopeming Sandstone (NE MN)

Portage Lake Volcanics (UP MI & NW WI)

Clastic and chemical Sediments in Beardmore-Geraldton Belt (Lake Nipigon ON)

Erosion dominant throughout the Midwest

Erosion dominant throughout the Midwest Erosion dominant

throughout the Midwest

Copper Harbor Conglomerate (Century Mine, Upper Peninsula MI) 1 inch

Baraboo Quartzite (North Limb, Rock Springs, WI)

0.5 inches

Jacobsville Sandstone (Root River, Sault Ste. Marie, ON)

2 inches

Lorraine Quartzite, Huronian Supergroup

(Route 17, Echo Bay, ON)

3 inches Gowganda Argillite, Huronian Supergroup (Route 638, Leeburn, ON)

3 inches

Baraboo Rhyolites (SC WI)

Lake Superior and Mid-Continent Rifting

Animikie Interval (South Central Michigan to Thunder Bay Ontario)

Kekabeka Quartzite

Mesabi Range and Emily District

Mille Lacs Group

Hatfield Gneiss (WC WI)

Basal Sioux Rhyolites

Amberg Gray Granite (NE WI)

Marshfield Archean Gneiss (C WI) Linwood Archean Migmatite (C WI)

N = North S = South W = West E = East C = Central

Biwabik Iron Formation

Eastern Gogebic Iron Range

Tyler Formation

Palms Formation

Marquette Iron Range Michigammee Formation G

oodr

ich

Qua

rtzi

te

Negaunee Iron Formation

Michigam

mee

Black Slate M

ember

Non

esuc

h Fo

rmat

ion

Copp

er H

arbo

r Co

nglo

mer

ate

= Regional Compression

Mid-Continent Rift Compression

Bradbury Creek Granodiorite (EC MN)

Waterloo and related Quartzites (EC WI)

Modern Plate Tectonics Transition to Modern Plate Tectonics Pre-modern Plate Tectonics

3,600 3,700 3,800

Bessemer Quartzite (UP MI & NW WI)

Randville Dolostone

Wewe Formation Mes

nard

Qua

rtzi

te

Sturgeon Quartzite

Felch Formation Menominee Range

Vulcan Iron Formation

Michigamme Slate

Chocolay Group

Baraga Group

Baraga Group

Men

omin

ee

Gro

up

Baraga & Dead River Basins

Unnam

ed Iron-Chert Carbonate

Kona

/Sau

nder

s Fo

rmat

ion

Denham Formation Gle

n To

wns

hip

Form

atio

n

Litt

le F

alls

For

mat

ion

Trout Lake Formation Cuyuna Range Mah

nom

en

Form

atio

n

Huronian Interval (Minnesota & Michigan)

Erosion dominant throughout the

Midwest

Updated March 2013

Montevideo Gneiss (SW MN) Gray granodioritic phase Red granite phase Montevideo Gneiss (SW MN) High-grade metamorphism

Biotite gneiss and amphibolite Migmatic granite and pegmatite Sacred Heart Granite Morton-Sacred Heart Granitic Terrain (SW MN) Morton-Sacred Heart Granitic Terrain (SW MN)

McGrath Gneiss Metamorphic and cataclastic event McGrath Complex (EC MN)

Watersmeet amphibolite-gneiss leucogranite intrusions Watersmeet amphibolite-gneiss (second metamorphic event) Watersmeet initial metamorphic event ?

Watersmeet tonalite (emplacement) Watersmeet gneiss (W UP) Watersmeet gneiss (W UP)

No known sedimentary rocks in the Midwest

Paleoarchean Eoarchean

Lorrain Formation G

ordo

n La

ke F

orm

atio

n

Bar

Riv

er F

orm

atio

n

Qu

irke

Lak

e G

rou

p

Hough Lake Group

Elliot Lake Group

Huronian Supergroup

Southern Ontario-Michisota Crustal Collapse

North Shore Volcanics (EC NE MN, S ON)

Powder Mill Group (UP MI)

Lake Superior Interval (MN, WI, UP MI, ON)

Great Lakes Tectonic Compression I Great Lakes Tectonic Compression II

Great Lakes Tectonic Rupture II

Seel

y Sl

ate

Free

dom

For

mat

ion

Dak

e Q

uart

zite

Row

ley

Cree

k Sl

ate

Sioux Quartzite (SW MN, SE-SC SD, NW IA, NE NB)

Stettin & Wausau Syenite Complexes (C WI)

Ninemile Granite (C WI)

Metamorphism of Baraboo, Souix, & Waterloo Quartzites (SC EC WI)

Nippissing Intrusions

Cobalt Group

Lakeshore Traps (1,087.2mya) Michipicoten Island Intrusion (1,086mya)

Bayfield Group (N WI, UP MI)

Jacobsville Formation (ON, UP MI)

Breadtray and Butler Hill Granite (SE MO)

Roy

al G

orge

Rhy

olite

(SE

MO

)

Munger Granite Porphyry (SE MO)

Silvermine Granite (SE MO)

Hawn Park Foliated Granodiorite (SE MO)

Prec

ambr

ian

Stra

mat

oliti

c Ca

rbon

ates

(SE

MO

)

Tuffac

eous

BIF

(SE

MO

)

Ketcherside Tuff (SE MO)

= Ash Flows

Western St. Francois Mtn. Volcanics (SE MO)

Middlebrook Group & Older Ash Flows &Tuffs (SE MO)

St. Francois Batholith Hyrdothermal Event(s) ? (SE MO)

Rou

gh C

reek

Gra

ben

New Madrid Seismic Zone

Ree

l Foo

t R

ift

Initial Huronian Compression Event

Marquette & Marcellon Rhyolite Tuffs (SC WI)

Nipigon Form

ation

Outan Island Form

ation

Kama Hill Formation

Pass Lake Formation

Logan Sills

Pigeon River Dikes

Osler Group Volcanics

Nipigon Sills

Logan Igneous Suite (Thunder Bay area, ON)

?

? Unnamed Orogeny in

Southern Ontario Wopmay Orogeny

Gunflint Formation: Breccia with white quartz (Sibley Peninsula, Thunder Bay, ON)

Upper Rove Formation (Sibley Peninsula, Thunder Bay, ON)

2 inches

4 inches

1 inch Syenite Intrusion in the Huronian Supergroup Route 17, Dresbrats, ON)

1 inch

Lorraine Puddingstone, Huronian Supergroup (Route 638, North of Bruce Mines, ON)

0.5 inches Amethyst in Archean Monzonite (NE of Thunder Bay, ON)

1 inch

Gunflint Formation: seam agate (Thunder Bay, ON)

Baraga-Marquette (Little Mountain Dikes) (UP MI)

Paleomagnetic Line

= Reversed Polarity

= Normal Polarity

= Transitional/ Rapid Reversal Polarity

= Unknown Polarity

Crystal Lake Gabbro (S ON) Caldwell Complex Basalts (S ON)

Firmly Dated NE Dike

Victoria River NW Dike

Cloud River NW Dike

Marathon Lamprophyres (S ON)

Late Heavy Bombardment Period

= Period of Non Dipole Magnetism

Oldest known rock showing a dipole magnetic field: red dacite in Austrailia

Marathon-Abitibi Lamprophyre Dikes (S ON)

Ely’s Peak Basalt

Thayer Granite

deposition of copper deposits (UP MI)

= Ore deposition

deposition of sedimentary rocks within the Watersmeet volcanics ?

Watersmeet third metamorphic event

Watersmeet fourth metamorphic event

Watersmeet fifth metamorphic event

Great Midwest Caldera and Hydrothermal Events

Modern Plate Tectonics Hiatus ?

= Banded Iron Formation (Sedimentary)

deposition of copper, gold, and uranium deposits (S ON)

Paleozoic

0.5 inches

Negaunee Formation: banded iron formation (Ishpeming area, Upper Peninsula MI)

1 foot

Archean Greenstones (Route 17, Wawa area, ON)

Recent Era of Great Mid-continent Basin Formation (MI, IL, IA, IN, KY, MO)

Paint River Group

Dun

n Cr

eek

Slat

e

Riv

erto

n Ir

on F

orm

atio

n

Fortune Lakes Slate

Hiawatha Graywacke

Stambaugh Formation

References: Allen, R.C., 1915, Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Northern Michigan and Wisconsin, Michigan Geological and Biological Survey, Publication 18, Geological Series 15

Annells, R.N., 1975, Geology of Michipicoten Island Ontario, GSC Bulletin 218, Map 1353A

Baumann, S.D.J., 2010, Lithostratigraphy and age of the Jacobsville Formation around the Lake Superior Basin, U.S.A. and Canada, MIGE G-122010-1A

Baumann, S.D.J., 2011, Preliminary Redefinition of the Cobalt Group (Huronian Supergroup), in the Southern Geologic Province, Ontario, Canada, MIGE G-012011-2A

Bennett, G., 1982, Geology of the Two Horse Lake Area, ONGS Report 210

Bennett, G., 2006, The Huronian Supergroup Between Sault Ste. Marie and Elliot Lake, Ontario, ILSG, Vol. 52, Part IV

Bornhorst, J.J., 1994, Self Guided Geological Field Trip to the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, ILSG, Vol. 40, Part II

Boyun, B.H., 1964, The Marquette Mineral District Michigan, The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co.

Braile, L.W., 1986, Tectonic Development of the New Madrid Rift Complex, Mississippi Embayment, North America, Tectonophysics, 131(1986)1-21

Brown, V.M., 1988, Geologic Map of Precambrian Rocks Des Arc NE Quadrangle, Iron and Madison Counties, Southeast Missouri, USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2032

Cannon, W.F., 1980, Copper Bearing Quartzite Near Watersmeet Michigan, USGS Open File Report 80-390

Cannon, W.F., 2000, Geologic Map of the Keweenaw Peninsula and Adjacent Area, Michigan, USGS Map I-2696

Chandler, V.W., 1992, Paleomagnetism of Early Proterozoic Souix Quartzite Southwest Minnesota-Implications for Correlating Quarzites of the Baraboo Interval, USGS Bulletin 1904-N

Craddock, J., 2006, Precambrian Evolution of Minnesota, 19th Annual Keck Symposium, 120-125

Dott, R.H., 1970, Geology of the Baraboo District Wisconsin, Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 14

Drahovzal, J.A., 1992, The East Continent Rift Basin: A New Discovery, KYGS Information Circular 57

Dressler, B.O., 1995, New Observations at the Slate Islands Impact Structure, Lake Superior, ONGS Miscellaneous Paper 164 53-61 (1995)

Dutton, C.E., 1981, Geology of the Florence Area, USGS Professional Paper 633

Modern Plate Tectonics

Kona sulfide and copper depositional mineralization

Franklin, J.M., 1970, Proterozoic Rocks in the Thunder Bay Area, ILSG Vol. 16

Fritts, C.E., 1969, Bedrock Geologic Map of the Marenisco-Watersmeet Area, Gogebic and Ontonagon Counties, Michigan, USGS Map I-576

Gair, J.E., 1968, Geology of the Marquette and Sands Quadrangles Marquette County Michigan, USGS, Professional Paper 397

Green, J.C., 1982, Geologic Map of Minnesota, Two Harbors Sheet, Scale 1:250,000, State of Minnesota, University of Minnesota

Hansen, M.C., 1997, The Geology of Ohio-The Precambrian, OHGS Geofacts #13

Hart, T.R., 2006, Keweenaw Rocks of the Mamainse Point Area, ILSG Field Guide 52 Vol. 52 Part V

Hinke, J., 2007, Detailed Surficial Geologic Mapping and Terrain Analysis of the Blue Hills Felsenmeer Valley, Rusk County, Wisconsin, Department of Geology University of Wisconsin Eau Claire

Hollings, P. (Editor), 2012, Thunder Bay Ontario, Field Trip Guidebook, ILSG, Vol. 58, Part II

Holst, T.B., 1991, The Penokean Orogeny in Minnesota and Upper Michigan-A Comparison of Structural Geology, USGS Bulletin 1904-D

Holst, T.B., 1991, Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean Orogen, East-Central Minnesota-An Interpretation Based on Regional Geophysics and Results of Test Drilling, USGS Bulletin 1904-C

Jackson, S.L., 1994, Geology of the Aberdeen Area, ONGS Open File Report 5903

Jackson, S.L., 2001, On the Structural Geology of the Southern Province between Sault Ste. Marie and Espanola, Ontario, ONGS Open File Report 5995

James, H.L., 1968, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Iron River-Crystal Falls District, Iron County, Michigan, USGS, Professional Paper 570

Johns, G.W., 2003, Sault Ste. Marie and the Blind River Area, ONGS, Map 2670

Kisvarsanyi, E.B., 1976, Geology of Missouri with Guidebook to Parts of the St. Francois Mountains, 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association of Missouri Geologists, Report of Investigations 61

Klasner, J.S., 1991, Nature and Style of Deformation in the Foreland of the Early Proterozoic Penokean Orogen, Northern Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1904-K

Kolata, D.R. (Editor), 2010, Geology of Illinois, ISGS University of Urbana Champaign, 1st Edition, ISBN: 978-0-615-41739-4 LaBerge, G.L., 1994, Geology of the Lake Superior Region, Geosciences Press, Inc., ISBN: 0-945005-15-6

Bell Creek Gneiss Compeau Creek Gneiss

Bell-Compeau Creek Complex Menominee Range and Marquette Iron Range

Deposition of the Mona Schist, Light House Point Member

Deposition of the Mona Schist, Undivided Metamorphism of the entire Mona Schist

Camery Lake Gneiss

Algoma Series Granites (ON)

McGrath Gneiss & Ortonville Granite (EC MN)

Huronian Interval (Southern Ontario)

LaBerge, G.L., 1980, The Middle Precambrian Geology of Marathon County, Wisconsin, ILSG Vol. 26 Eau Claire Wisconsin, Field Trip Guidebook

LaBerge, G.L., 1983, Precambrian Geology of Marathon County, Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 45

LaBerge G.L., 1991, New Observations of the Age and Structure of Proterozoic Quartzites in Wisconsin, USGS Bulletin 1904-B

Lowell, G.R., 1975, A Field Guide to the Geology of the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri, Big Rivers Area Geological Society

Miller, J.D., 2009, ILSG Ely, Minnesota, Proceedings Volume 55, ILSG Trip Guidebook Vol. 55 Part 2

Miller, J.D., 2010, Field Guide to the Geology of the Precambrian Iron Formations in the Western Lake Superior Region, Minnesota and Michigan, PRC Professional Workshop Series October 10 to October 16, 2010, University of Michigan

Morey, G.B., 1988, Correlation of the Precambrian Rocks of the Lake Superior Region, United States, USGS, Professional Paper 1241-F

Morey, G.B., 1967, Stratigraphy and Petrology of the Type Fond du Lac Formation, Duluth Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 7

Morey, G.B., 1969, The Geology of the Precambrian Rove Formation in Northeastern Minnesota, MNGS Special Publication Series, SP-7

Morey, G.B., 1977, Revised Keweenawan Subsurface Stratigraphy, Southeastern Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 16

Morey, G.B., 1978, Lower and Middle Precambrian Stratigraphic Nomenclature for East-Central Minnesota, MNGS Report of Investigation 21

Mosier, E.L., ICP-AES Analytical Results for Precambrian Basement Rocks in or Near Missouri, Open File Report 88-396

Myers, P.E., 1980, Precambrian Geology of the Chippewa Valley, ILSG 26th Annual Meeting, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire

Nachatilo, S.A., 1993, Structural Analysis of the Archean Rocks in the Negaunee Area, Michigan—Constraints on Archean verses Early Proterozoic Deformation, USGS, Bulletin 1904-O

Ojakangas, R.W., 1994, Sedimentology and Provenance of the Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation and Goodrich Quartzite, Northern Michigan-Regional Stratigraphic Implications and Suggested Correlations, USGS Bulletin 1904-R

Ojakangas, D., 2009, Geology and Metamorphism of the Eastern Mesabi Range, ILSG Field Trip Part II, Field Trip 5

Nachatilo, S.A., 1992, Structural Analysis of Archean Rocks in the Negaunee Area, Michigan-Constraints on Arhean verses Proterozoic Deformation, USGS Bulletin 1904-O

Paull, R.K., 1978, Precambrian Inliers in South-Central Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geologic and Natural History Survey

Piispa, E.J., 2010, Paleomagnetism of the Mid-Continental Rift System, Rocks from the Thunder Bay Area (Ontario Canada): New Data and Questions, Poster Presentation, Michigan Technological University

= Sedimentary Rocks with some glacial diamictites

Enchantment Lake Formation

Reany Creek Formation

Unnamed Quartzite on top of the Reany Creek Formation

Placer deposits of Uranium in diamictites

G1 G2 G3, A, B, &C

G4

?

Bad River Dolostone Sunday Quartzite

Pre-Sudbury BIF Subevent Post Sudbury BIF Subevent Baraboo BIF Event

Superior BIF Event

Ozark BIF Event

Endion Sill

Middle Run Formation (E IN, NC KY, W OH)

unnamed basalts

? unknown event resetting of dates in felsic intrusions or true dates

Freda Formation

Bear Lake Rhyolite Stock (1,062mya)

Orie

nta

Form

atio

n

Dev

ils I

slan

d Fo

rmat

ion

Cheq

uam

egon

For

mat

ion

copper mineralization in the Nonesuch

Mellen Intrusions (N WI)

Powder Mill Group Volcanics (N WI, UP MI) Bergland Group Volcanics (N WI, UP MI)

Mineral Lake Intrusions (N WI)

Bayfield Group (NE-E-SE MN, NW WI)

Fond du Lac Formation

Hinckley Sandstone

Solor Church Group (E-SE MN)

= Regional BIF depositional events = Continent wide metamorphic regime = Era of major craton emplacement

? ?

= Questionable event = Known only from seismic profiling, exact chronological position is unknown

= Sudbury impact layer present

IA = Iowa IL = Illinois KY = Kentucky MI = Michigan MN = Minnesota MO = Missouri NB = Nebraska OH = Ohio ON = Ontario SD = South Dakota UP = Upper Peninsula WI = Wisconsin

Ozarkian Interval (South East Missouri to North-Central Illinois)

Centralia Sequence (N-C IL, W IN, WOH) North Sub-Centralia Sequence (S-C-E IL) ? ? South Sub-Centralia Sequence (S-C-E IL)

? Enterprise Sequence (C-E IL)

dated unnamed basement basalts (W OH)

(1,325mya) (1,284mya)

dated Illinois basement granites (N-C IL)

Purit

an Q

uart

z M

onzo

nite

primary metamorphic event Ramsay Formation

Mar

quet

te R

ange

Su

perg

rou

p

Western Gogebic Iron Range

Emperor Volcanics ?

Badw

ater

Gre

enst

one

Ajib

ik F

orm

atio

n

Siam

o Fo

rmat

ion

Hem

lock

Vol

cani

cs

Bijik

i Iro

n Fo

rmat

ion

Mic

higa

mm

ee B

lack

Sl

ate

and

Iron

Mem

ber

Copps Formation

Michigammee Formation

Ironwood Iron

Formation

Gunflint Carbonate-Iron Formation

Gun

flint

Ch

ert

Gunflint Range

Virginia Formation

Pokegama Quartzite

Animikie Group

Michigammee Formation

North Range Group

Rabbit

Lake Form

ation

Thomson Formation

Trommald Formation

Emily Member unnamed (1,870mya)

Iron River/Crystal Falls District

Dickerson Group

East Branch Arkose Solb

erg

Schi

st

Six-

Mile

Lak

e Am

phib

olite

Hardwood Gneiss (S UP MI)

Verm

ilion

Dis

tric

t (N

E M

N, W

ON

) Sananaga Tonalite Sananaga Batholith

Snowbank Lake Pluton

Giants Range Batholith

Icarus Pluton

Lac La Croix Granite

Newton Belt

Sou

dan

Bel

t

Upper Ely Greenstone

Soudan Iron Formation

Lower Ely Greenstone

Britt Sequence

3 known metamorphic events

Newton Lake Formation

Bass Lake Sequence

Knife Lake Group

Lake Vermilion Formation

Gafvert Lake Sequence

copper and zinc mineralization (N WI)

third metamorphic of the Marquette Range Supergroup

Southern Granite/Rhyolite Interval (SE NB)

Eastern Granite/Rhyolite Interval (NE NB -NW IL)

Green Island Plutonic Group (1,485mya) (E IA, NW IL)

Spencer Granite (NW IA)

Quimby Granite (1,433mya) (NW IA) Central Iowa Arch Granite (SC IA)

Athelstane (Amberg) Pink Granite (NE WI)

Central Plains Interval (Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri)

Harris Granite (1,804mya) (NW IA)

Hull Keatophre (1,782mya) (NW IA)

Camp Quest Gneiss (2,065mya) (NW IA)

metamorphism of Camp Quest Gneiss

Lyon County Gneiss (2,532mya) (NW IA)

Otter Creek Mafic Complex (2,890mya) (NW IA) Matlock Banded Iron Formation (NW IA) ?

Marshfield Exotic Terrane (NW IA) ? metamorphism of Marshfield

Exotic Terrane deposition of sedimentary rocks within the Marshfield Exotic Terrane ?

?

? Cedar Rapids & Washington County Quartzites (SE IA)

Potter, C.J., 1995, Structure of the Reel Foot-Rough Creek Rift System, Fluorspar Area Fault Complex, and Hicks Dome, Southern Illinois and Western Kentucky-New Constraints from Regional Seismic Reflection Data, USGS Professional Paper 1538-Q

Pratt, W.B., 1979, Geologic Map of Exposed Precambrian Rocks, Rolla 1oX2o Quadrangle, USGS Miscellaneous Investigation Series Map I-1161

Puffett, W.P., 1969, The Reany Creek Formation, Marquette County Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1274-F

Robertson, J.A., 1977, Geology of the Cutler Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 147

Rust, B.R., 1987, The Sedimentology and Depositional Environments of the Huronian Bar River Formation, Ontario, ONGS Open File Report 189

Ryder, R.T., 1997, Stratigraphic Framework of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in the Appalachian Basin from Campbell County, Kentucky, to Tazewell County Virginia, USGS I-2530

Schmidt, R.G., 1976, Geology of the Precambrian W (Lower Precambrian) Rocks in Western Gogebic County, Michigan, USGS Bulletin 1407

Siemiatkowska, K.M., 1977, Geology of the Wakomata Lake Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 151

Sims, P.K., 1985, Geology and Geochronology of Granitoid and Metamorphic Rocks of Late Archean Age in Northwestern Wisconsin, USGS Professional Paper 1292-C

Sims, P.K., 1984, Geology, Geochemistry, and Age of Archean and Early Proterozoic Rocks in the Marenisco-Watersmeet Area, Northern Michigan, USGS Professional Paper 1292-A

Sims, P.K., 1985, Great Lakes Tectonic Zone-Revisited, USGS Bulletin 1904-S

Scotese, C.R., 2003, Paleomap Project, www.scotese.com

Spencer, C.G., 2011, Roadside Geology of Missouri, Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1st Edition, ISBN: 978-0-87842-573-0

Taylor, G.L., 1972, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Sulfide Mineralization of the Kona Dolomite, Michigan Technological University

Young, G.M, 2001, Paleozoic Huronian Basin: Product of a Wilson Cycle Punctuated by Glaciations and a Meteorite Impact, Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (2001) 233-254

Van Schmus, W.R., 1998, Proterozoic Granite Systems of the Penokean Terrain in Wisconsin, International Field Conference, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Open File Report 1998-10

various authors, 1973, Guidebook to the Precambrian Geology of Northeastern and Northcentral Wisconsin, ISGS Vol. 19, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey

various authors, 2001, Field Trip Guidebook Madison Wisconsin, ILSG Proceedings, Vol. 47 Part II

White, W.S., 1972, The Base of the Upper Keweenawan, Michigan and Wisconsin, USGS Bulletin 1354-F Wood, J., 1975, Geology of the Rawhide Lake Area District of Algoma, Ontario Division of Mines, Geoscience Report 129

Reference Abbreviations: GSC = Geological Survey of Canada ILSG = Institute on Lake Superior Geology ISGS = Illinois State Geological Survey KYGS = Kentucky Geological Survey MIGE = Midwest Institute of Geosciences and Engineering MNGS = Minnesota Geological Survey OHGS = Ohio Geological Survey ONGS = Ontario Geological Survey PRC = Precambrian Research Center USGS = United States Geological Survey

Vermilion-Dickerson BIF Event

Upper Red Clastics (C IA) Lower Red Clastics (C IA) initial metamorphism of the Marquette Range Supergroup

second metamorphic of the Marquette Range Supergroup

Huronian Hydrothermal Event