Preafisibility SHP 2006

Ministry of Energy and Mining Kosovo ___________________________________________________________

Prepared by: Albanian Association of Energy and Environment for Sustainable Development 1

Institutional Capacity Building in the Energy Sector

Project Funded by DANIDA

Final Raport

PREAFISIBILITY STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WATER RESOURCES AND THEIR UTILISATION THROUGH SMALL

HYDRO POWER PLANT ON KOSOVO

Submitted to:

Ministry of Energy and Mining Prishtina, Kosova

Submitted by:

Albanian Association of Energy and Environment for Sustainable Development

(AAEESD)

May 22, 2006



Content 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 6

1.1.1 Urban Wastes Energy Reserves .................................................................. 6 1.2 Energy Reserves almost inexhaustible ................................................................ 7

1.2.1 Geothermal Sources of Energy ................................................................... 7 1.3 Renewable sources of energy ............................................................................ 7

1.3.1 Energy Reserves from bio-mass (including fire-woods) ...................................... 7 1.3.2 Hydro-energetic reserves ........................................................................... 7

3. Policy regarding the Renewable Energy Sources and Securing of Open Access in the Transmission and Distribution networks ............................................................................ 9

3.1 Requirements for establishment of favorable legal environment for the development of private HPP or IPP ................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Encouraging the absorption of investments through the electricity price structure .... 10 3.3 Some main points which should be included on the concessionare law reharding SHPP ................................................................................................................................ 11

3.3.1 What should be contain in the proposal of willingness of interest for Power Generation Facility ................................................................................................. 11 3.3.2 Project idea supervisor and the approval in order to put it in fair competition 11 3.3.3 Competition Execution ............................................................................ 11

4. Methodology of study evaluation for Small Hydro Potential .......................... 13 4.1 Riconicion Study (identification of potential places) ................................................ 13 4.2 Hydro-energetic potential ..................................................................................... 13 4.3 Preliminary study of financial benefits ................................................................... 13 4.4 Preliminary Investigations (surveys) ...................................................................... 16 4.5 Recognition Study of the most important areas. ..................................................... 17 4.7 Objectives of the Study for the Assessment of Kosovo Hydro-energetic Potential 36

4.7.1 General Objectives ........................................................................................ 36 4.7.2 Immediate objectives .................................................................................... 36

5. Identification and evaluation of the Technical potential of profitability of small HPP in Kosovo ......................................................................................................................... 37 6. Gathering of data on hydrology, geology, evaluation of HPP capacity and the evaluation of initial cost of construction and machineries ................................................................. 47

6.1 Topographic maps ............................................................................................... 48 6.2 Other meteorological and hydrological data ........................................................... 49 6.3 Other data regarding the flows of the water .......................................................... 50

6.3.1 Lumbardhi of Peja River ............................................................................... 52 6.3.1.1 Kuqishta SHPP ................................................................................. 52 6.3.1.2 Drelajt SHPP ................................................................................... 52 6.3.1.3 Shtupeqi SHPP ................................................................................. 53

6.3.2 Deani SHPP ................................................................................................. 55 6.3.2.1 Bellaj SHPP ................................................................................... 55 6.3.2.2 Deani SHPP .................................................................................... 56

6.3.3 Lumbardhi of Lloani River ..................................................................... 57 6.3.3.1 Lloani SHPP ................................................................................... 57

6.3.4 Ereniku River .......................................................................................... 58 6.3.4.1 Erenik-Mal River .............................................................................. 58 6.3.4.2 Erenik SHPP ..................................................................................... 59 6.3.4.3 Jasiqi SHPP ...................................................................................... 60

6.3.5 Plava River ....................................................................................... 61 6.3.5.1 Dragashi SHPP ................................................................................. 61 6.3.5.2 Orusha SHPP .................................................................................. 62



6.3.6 Lumbardhi of Prizreni River ................................................................... 63 6.3.6.1 Reani SHPP ................................................................................... 63

6.3.7 Lumi of Lepenci SHPP .................................................................................... 65 6.3.7.1 Shterpca (Brezovica) SHPP ............................................................... 65 6.3.7.2 Lepenci SHPP ................................................................................... 65

6.3.8 Bajska SHPP .................................................................................................. 67 6.3.8.1 Bajska SHPP .................................................................................... 67

6.3.9 Bistrica River ........................................................................................... 68 6.3.9.1 Batare SHPP .................................................................................... 68

6.3.10 Bistrica SHPP ....................................................................................... 69 6.3.10.1 Batare SHPP ................................................................................... 69

6.3.11 Kaandolli River ...................................................................................... 70 6.3.11.1 Majanci SHPP ....................................................................................... 70

6.3.12 Drini i Bardh River ................................................................................. 71 6.3.12.1 Mirusha (Kpuzit) SHPP .......................................................................... 71

6.4 Engineering geology data ..................................................................................... 74 6.4.1 Lumbardhi of Peja River ............................................................................... 76

6.4.1.1 Kuqishta Hydro Power Plant .............................................................. 76 6.4.1.2 Drelajt SHPP ................................................................................... 77 6.4.1.3 Shtupeqi SHPP ................................................................................. 79

6.4.2 Lumbardhi of Deani River ........................................................................... 79 6.4.2.1 Bellesa SHPP................................................................................... 79 6.4.2.2 Deani SHPP ................................................................................... 80

6.4.3 Lumbardhi of Lloani River ..................................................................... 81 6.4.3.1 Lloani SHPP ................................................................................... 81

6.4.4 Ereniku River .......................................................................................... 82 6.4.4.1 Erenik-Mal SHPP ............................................................................. 82 6.4.4.2 Erenik SHPP ..................................................................................... 84 6.4.4.3 Jasiqi SHPP ...................................................................................... 84

Geological formations ................................................................................................ 84 6.4.5 Plava River ............................................................................................. 85

6.4.5.1 Dragashi SHPP ................................................................................. 85 Geological formations .................................................................................................... 85 Engineering geology conditions ...................................................................................... 85

6.4.5.2 Orusha SHPP .................................................................................. 86 Geological formations .................................................................................................... 86 -Ordovician- Devonian low metamorphised pelite-psammite formations with rare quartzite intercalations ................................................................................................................ 86 Engineering geology conditions ...................................................................................... 87

6.4.6 Lumbardhi of Prizreni River ................................................................... 87 6.4.6.1 Reani SHPP ................................................................................... 87

Geological formations ................................................................................................ 87 6.4.7 Lepnci River ................................................................................................ 87

6.4.7.1 Shterpcs (Brezovics) SHPP ............................................................ 87 6.4.7.2 Lepenci SHPP ................................................................................... 88

6. 4. 8 Dardana River .................................................................................. 89 6.4.8.1 Kamenics (Dardans) SHPP ............................................................. 89

6. 4. 9 Bajska River ........................................................................................ 90 6.4.9.1 Bajska SHPP .................................................................................... 90

6. 4. 10 Bistrica River ....................................................................................... 90 6. 4. 10.1 Batare SHPP ................................................................................. 90

6. 4. 11 Kaandolli River .................................................................................. 90



6. 4. 11.1 Majanci SHPP ............................................................................... 90 6. 4. 12 Drini i Bardh River .............................................................................. 90

6. 4. 12.1 Mirusha SHPP .............................................................................. 90 6.5 Physical-Mechanical proprieties of the formations ............................................. 91

6.5.1 Volume weight () ......................................................................................... 92 6.5.2 Porosity (P) ............................................................................................. 92 6.5.3 Water absorption ..................................................................................... 92 6.5.4 Compression strength (stability) (Rsh) ...................................................... 93 6.5.5 Strength (F) ............................................................................................ 93 6.5.6 General deformation module (Ed) ............................................................. 93 6.5.7 Internal friction angle () ......................................................................... 93 6.5.8 Allowed load () ..................................................................................... 93

6.6 SEISMICITY ................................................................................................. 93 7.1 The Assessment of Preliminary Environmental Impact .............................................. 94

7.2 The effect in the environment from the use of waters for the generation of electricity .................................................................................................................. 95 7.3 HPP construction plan and its implementation schedule .................................... 96

7.3.1 Timing schedule for the project preparation (First phase) ................................ 96 7.3.2 HPP Timing schedule for construction/rehabilitation ................................... 98

7.4 Possible effects in the environment during the HPP construction, rehabilitation or empowering phase .................................................................................................... 99

7.4.1 Effects on the environment during the construction of the road to be used for the construction of the derivation channel, turbines pipes, central building and the electric line for the connection of the HPP with the respective substation .................. 99 7.4.2 Impact on the environment during the preparation of the Central buildings site 99 7.4.3 Impact on the environment as a result of the collection of materials to be moved from the sites where the centrals will be built ............................................... 99 7.4.4 Impact on the environment as a result of bringing the materials to the construction site .................................................................................................... 99 7.4.5 Impact on employment as a result of HPP construction .............................. 99 7.4.6 Impact on the environment of dangerous materials to be used during the construction of the HPP ......................................................................................... 100

7.5 Possible impacts to environment during HPP operating phase ........................... 100 7.5.1 Endogen flows and their risk ................................................................... 100 7.5.2 Reduction of gases that produce the greenhouse effect ............................ 101 7.5.3 Reduction of acid rain gases .................................................................. 106

7.6 Possible impacts from the HPP to be constructed or rehabilitated on the environment and proposed measures for preventing and softening them ..................... 108

8. Carry out preliminary economical and financial analyses for all new/existing SHPPs .. 110 8.1 Preliminary economical analysis for each new Small HPP to be constructed/rehabilitated .......................................................................................... 111

8.1.1 Methodological considerations regarding the preliminary economical analysis for each Small Hydro Power Plant to be constructed/rehabilitated ............................ 111 8.1.2 Value of not supplied power unit in the Kosovo power market ................... 111 8.1.3 Comparison of different power generation alternatives for new small HPP to be constructed/rehabilitated .................................................................................. 112 8.1.4 Technical losses and problems regarding the fall of voltage for each new small HPP to be constructed/rehabilitated ....................................................................... 112 8.1.5 Economic costs for each new Small Hydro Power Plant to be constructed/rehabilitated and their ranking upon this parameter .............................. 113



8.2 Preliminary financial analysis of cost-benefits for each HPP, new or existing to be rehabilitated/empowered .......................................................................................... 120 8.3 HEC-i i vogl i Dikancit ................................................................................... 128 8.4 HEC-i i vogl i Radavcit .................................................................................. 129 8.5 Burimi (Istog) SHPP ....................................................................................... 131 8.6 Prizreni SHPP ................................................................................................ 132 8.7 Shtime SHPP ................................................................................................. 134 8.8 Evaluation of initial investment for every SHPP new or existing to be rehabilitated/empowered .......................................................................................... 135 8.9 Operation & Maintenance costs for each HPP new, or existing to be rehabilitated/empowered .......................................................................................... 136 8.9 Financial methods for the realization of financial benefit analysis ..................... 137 8.10 The financial indicator for which the new or existing to be rehabilitated/empowered HPP ................................................................................... 137

8.10.1 Analysis of financial sensitivity versus the main parameters for each new or existing hydro power plant to be rehabilitated/empowered ...................................... 138

8.10.1.1 NPV, IRR, LDC and PBP versus the interest rate for all the new HPP and those to be rehabilitated/empowered ................................................................. 138 8.10.1.2 NPV, IRR, LDC and PBP, versus the value of electricity produced ............ 139 8.10.1.3 NPV, IRR, LDC and PBP, versus the electricity price ................................ 139 8.10.1.4 NPV, IRR, LDC and PBP, versus the initial investment ............................. 140 8.10.1.5 NPV, IRR, LDC and PBP versus the HPP longevity .................................. 141

8.11 Preliminary Bussiness Plan for each new or rehabilitated SHPP ......................... 141 9. Preparation of a database for the most feasible areas for the construction/rehabilitation of small HPP from private investors. .............................................................................. 147 10. Preparation of SHPP Concepts for their Construction/Rehabilitation Promotion to Private Investors .......................................................................................................... 151 11. Support Program for SHPP, including fiscal and regulatory incentives, and financial support mechanisms .................................................................................................... 154

11.1 Development of a SHPP Support Strategy ....................................................... 154 11.2 Comprehensive rehabilitation of power plants .................................................. 154 11.3 Establishment of a Supporting Fund regarding the Promotion of Renewable Resources ................................................................................................................ 155 11.4 Design, Institutional Set-up and Operation of Renewable Energy Fund (RE Fund) 156 11.5 Institutional Set-up ........................................................................................ 157

11.5.2 Agent Bank ............................................................................................ 158 11.5.3 Bord of Trusties ..................................................................................... 158



1. Introduction There are different classifications for the primary energy sources in the literature, but the best ones in terms of our understanding are the following classifications:

1. Non renewable sources are those sources that are exhaustible in historical terms: some of them are organic fuels: coal, oil, gas, lignite, energy taken from burning of urban wastes and nuclear energy coming from the radioactivity interaction. Non renewable sources of energy have given and shall give an important contribution for the fulfillment of every countrys need for energy.

2. Sources almost inexhaustible are all those sources that human beings use for their needs which are inexhaustible in the historical perspective. Included here are: geothermal energy and the energy coming from the reaction of thermo nuclear synthesis.

3. Renewable sources are considered those sources that continuously come at the earth surface from the universe, practically all those coming from the sun (a small percentage of marine tides). Renewable energy sources include: hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, energy of sea waves and the energy of high-tide and low-tide.

4. Virtual energy source - include energy conservation. A short description of the positive and negative side of energy sources to be used, presenting the technical, economical point of view and at the same time the minimumal environmental pollution, shall follow.

1.1.1 Urban Wastes Energy Reserves To fulfill the vital, cultural, hygienic, etc. needs, human beings consume different kinds of foods (which of course are kept in a covering that can be of paper, pasteboard, glass, metal, plastics etc), clothes, paper etc. The problem of urban solid wastes in the cities and communes is a common problem for the developed countries and countries in the development path, their quantity in each country continuously increases with the growth of the population. Currently, the saving of raw materials through returning capacities and recycling as much as possible is very important. The potentiality of solid wastes as fuel is given in the first row through their components, calorific power, humidity component and not burning mass. Thats why the knowledge of urban wastes is very important as it is the first step for determining the implants for their treatment and is the basic data for the calculation of calorific power. Solid wastes are composed by portions of many components (also in it for comparison even the calorific power of the fuels are given) and should be stressed that their calorific power increases with the increase in the standard of living, as for the increase of paper and plastics. Hospital solid wastes have a typical value of calorific power that is bigger than 19 [MJ/kg], a value that is bigger than those of city solid wastes (10.6-11) [MJ/kg]), as in the hospital wastes the humidity component is lower.



1.2 Energy Reserves almost inexhaustible

1.2.1 Geothermal Sources of Energy There is a wide variety of geothermic sources, which could be grouped into: hydro-thermo sources, dry hot stones and melted stones. From these three groups, the practical uses, up to now we have found only the hydro-thermo sources, can be divided into: hydro-thermo sources from which dry steam can be produced; hydro-thermo sources from which wet steam can be produced (the temperature of these two sources is >150 0 C) and hydro-thermo sources from which hot water can be produced, that in some places can be used for the direct heating of buildings.

1.3 Renewable sources of energy For these reasons the interest of renewable sources of energy is increasing day by day all over the world: oil, natural gas and coal are all limited reserves, fuel reserves (especially oil) are concentrated (almost 75%) in the area of the Middle East, in a highly unstable area and the constant increasing of environmental pollution currently has a great impact.

1.3.1 Energy Reserves from bio-mass (including fire-woods) Bio-mass energy is the energy gathered by different processes of organic materials (mainly burning). This source is of different forms and could be grouped into four main categories: wood and wood-wastes from different processings in the wood industry; vegetal wastes (pedicle, seed etc) after the end of their cycle, which can not be used anymore in any branch of the economy; energetic plants (woods) that are imbedded to be burned as biomass, after reaching their maturity and the animal wastes (manure, bones, leather), which can not be used anymore in any branch of economy. The estimations of agricultural wastes are based on the average report for each main agricultural area, between the waste and the product for a unit of production. The reports change widely from one area to the other and indirectly are connected with the production quantity and other agriculture conditions. The production of animal wastes is estimated based on the animals inventory and the daily average manure production. As for agricultural waste there are no precise calculations in Kosovo.

1.3.2 Hydro-energetic reserves Kosovo is characterized by rivers and torrents with hydrologic potential to be taken into account for the production of electricity. The western part of Kosovo has the hydro-energetic potential of Drini Bardh, which includes more than half of the Kosovo hydro-energetic potentiality. The useful hydro-energetic potentiality of Kosovo is 0.7 TWh/year. The biggest HPP that could be constructed in Kosovo is that one of Zhurri, in the stream of Drini Bardh, with a potential of 0.377 TWh/year. The streams of Drini Bardh, Ibri, Morav, Lepenc, Llap, are characterized by an important potentiality for the production of electricity. In table 2, based on the Doctorate Work of Prof. Dr. Sabri Limari, the hydro-energetic potentiality of these rivers is given.



Table 1.: Hydro potential evaluated by different publications River Hydro potential possibe to

be utilised technically Hydro potential economical feasible

Nr. GWh/year GWh/year1 Drini i Bardh River 554.00 554.002 Ibri River 103.27 102.173 Morava e Bins River 8.75 8.754 Lepenc River 23.80 16.53Total 689.64 681.27

Electro-energy produced from hydro is renewable and during its production there is no emission of gas, as in the case of energy produced from the burning of fuel. The benefits from using the hydro-energy resources are determined from the geological and topological conditions for building the dike and especially from the topographic conditions to lower the inundation of land, from the high initial investments and the possibility of regulating the stream at a high scale through the accumulation reservoir. HPP now are constructed with very advanced technology and developed all over the world. However the use of hydro-energy for the production of electricity brings many economical, social and environmental problems. The theoretical potentiality of hydro-energy decreases sensibly if we consider all the problems rising with their construction; where, in the first place, the huge initial investments stand.

-30369

1215182124273033363942454851545760 P J

Net ImportProduced

048

12162024283236404448525660646872768084

Total Energy in PJ - 2003

Solar

Hydro and el. importedFuel wood

Oil and derivativesNatural gas

Lignit

Total Energy in PJ - 2003

Lignit65.88%

Natural gas

0.00%

Oil and derivativ

es25.07%

Solar0.04%Fuel

wood8.46%

Hydro and el.

imported

0.54%

Figure 1.: Primary Energy Source of Kosova for the year 2003 (PJ)

Figure 2.: Total Primary Energy Source of (year 2003 - PJ)

Figure 3.: Share of Primary Energy Source (year 2003 - PJ)

The analysis shows that from 82.3356 PJ, that of the total supply of primary energy sources only 9.05 % are renewable sources. The main contribution in this direction comes from the fire-wood 8.46%, second is hydro-energy 0.54 % and solar energy with only 0.04 %. This percentage is very small and it will require a lot amount of work to become a contribution in the years to come, as it is stressed even in the Energy Strategy one of the most important sources to be used at the beginning is the hydro-energy potentiality.



3. Policy regarding the Renewable Energy Sources and Securing of Open Access in the Transmission and Distribution networks In Kosovo, as already mentioned in this study, there are hydro-energy resources economically feasible for the production of electricity from Small Hydro Power Plants, which are the objective of our study. Up to now only the Koznjer HPP, in the area of Decan, is given under concession. Meanwhile there are signs of interests from the private sector for investments in the small power plants for the production of electricity. The Koznjer HPP practice, with some improvement, can be used even in the case of the HPP at Burim (Istog), Dikanc e Radavc, as well as the reconstruction of the HPP in Prizren and Shtime. Private investments can be of different kinds. They might include even the construction of new independent power resources as well as the use of existing objects through privatization by increasing their generation capacity and efficacy. The generation from these IPP (Independent power producers) could be taken/bought from Kosovo Electricity Corporation (KEK) (and latter on from the wholesale sellers after the establishment of the free functional power market. Here we should stress that in the first steps this role shall be played from the distribution company in the respective region) in the frame of power purchase long term contracts. In order to establish a more competitive environment for the participation of local and foreign private sector in power generation, including here the construction of small HPP, necessary steps need to be taken, which shall increase trust and interest of private sector to invest in this vital sector for the economy of Kosovo.

3.1 Requirements for establishment of favorable legal environment for the development of private HPP or IPP Private investment in HPP face constrains coming from: (i) nature of these projects that is closely connected with the area/site of their construction, (ii) constructing danger, in some case, because of heavy terrains and long construction timing, (iii) need for considerable capital investments for power unit, and their high percentage, as local costs (construction) in comparison with the TPP, (iv) forecasted productivity depends on river flows and other constrains regarding the water management, (v) problems regarding land propriety on the site where the channel, under pressure basin and the centrals building will be constructed, (v) complexity of concession process to achieve the transparency for the generation price, and (vi) environment sensibilities (considerations). The international experience suggests that necessary are: (i) longer term financings to be adapted with the characteristics of hydro-generation,



(ii) regulatory frame and realistic agreements to share the risk between the state and the private sector, which will cover the requirements of hydro-generation projects, and (iii) careful preparation of projects from the public sector to make possible the formulation of a suitable technical and contractual base for their development as private concessions. The agreements for the development of the Hydro IPP have sensible differenties from the ones used for the thermo-generation projects. The financing way of these projects/objects is the first distinct characteristic. This, because the construction cost of hydro-generation projects is subject of: (i) great insecurity, and in the meantime (ii) the cost for the construction of the object without including the machineries (turbines, transformers etc) covers a bigger part than that of thermo-generation objects (about 60% of the cost for hydro-generation projects goes for the construction of the object meanwhile for the construction of thermo-generation objects this cost is only 40%). Under these conditions, the private investors on hydro-generation tend to show special attention to some specific factors that could be included in: existence and possibility of gathering the information relative to the specifics of place where is situated or will be constructed the hydro-generation object, like those regarding the flows or fall of the river in question; possibility/facility in taking/securing the right for the use of land, water and the right to transmit/transport the generated power into the national/regional electricity distribution grid; the need to repair the connection of the IPP with the distribution network through securing of free access for the distribution of power; and efficiency of hydro-generation in comparison with other alternatives.

3.2 Encouraging the absorption of investments through the electricity price structure The price structure with which KEK (or the future distribution company after the unbundling) will purchase electricity from the private producers is the key that solve the need of private investors for liquidities (cash money). With these liquidities they can pay to the bank the loan taken for the construction of HPP and repay all the investment. Meanwhile, this structure shall be so that it should satisfy the needs of KEK for the quantity and quality of electricity as it would be agreed between the parties in the respective power purchase agreement. This agreement is known as PPA (Power Purchase Agreement).



3.3 Some main points which should be included on the concessionare law reharding SHPP

3.3.1 What should be contain in the proposal of willingness of interest for Power Generation Facility On the proposal for expression of the interest for the construction of SHPPs should be included those studies and documents: A request directed to the responsible authority expressing the interest

regarding the construction of a new SHPP. The request should be addressed to: to the the Ministry responsible for the energy.

Preliminary hydrological study, Preliminary geological study, Preliminary technical study regarding the most significant parameters of the

project, Preliminary power network connection study Preliminary environmental impact assessment

3.3.2 Project idea supervisor and the approval in order to put it in fair competition Control and approval of the project idea will be done by Ministry responsible for energy and in the State Authority Committe, which will be established, should be included and Concessionare Directorate (Ministry of Finance), Ministry responsable for water managment, Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Respective Authority of Water Basin where the SHPP is going to be built. Koha e kryerjes s kontrollit 2-4 muaj (n funksion t fuqis s centralit). Time frame for the project idea will be 2-4 months (in the function of the capacity of the SHPP). Approval of project idea by the responsible authority and notification of the applicant within the above mentioned month. Preparation of the competition documents should be made by the local authority within 1 month from the day of the approval of the project idea.

3.3.3 Competition Execution The subject that has express the interest has some points in advantage compared to the other competitors. The notification of all interested legal entities will be made through the respective communication channels, for the respective competition, for the respective generation capacity based on the respective project idea. The competition shall be announced within two weeks from the time of the preparation of the documentation. The announcement package will include these materials: Preliminary hydrological study



Preliminary geological study Preliminary technical study regarding the most significant parameters of the

project Preliminary electrical network connection study Preliminary environmental impact assessment

The time frame for the interested to prepare the technical and financial project proposals: For the generation capacities than 1 MW will be 4 months. For the generation capacities than 1 MW or smaller than or equal to 5 MW

will be 8 months. For the generation capacities greater than 5 MW will be 12 months.

The technical and financial project proposal shall include: Complete hydrological study Complete geological study Complete technical study regarding the most important parameters of the

project Complete electrical network connection study Business plan for the erection of the power plant Complete environmental impact assessment Legal documentation of the company Demonstration of the financial capability of the company to build the power

plant Letter of interest by a bank or group of banks to provide a loan for the

erection of the power plant Time frame for the completion of the works and the beginning of power

generation. Based on technical and financial project proposals are all conditions in order to claim the winner selection. The selection is based on the multicriterea analyses. The first applicant as it is mentioned and point out, above, has some more advantage points versus other applicants. Some of basis criteria concerning to the multicriteria are:

Long term generation cost of the power facilities, Long term contract requirement for the power purchase, if it is to be asked

for the contract; is available a minimum points, if not asking for long term contract will be available a maximum points regarding to this element (reason of the amount of the electricity produced used for self consumption in the position of eligible consumer or having a long term contract for buying-selling with eligible big consumer),

Size of the investment, Power and electricity produced, Number of the employment in the power plant, Agricultural land used for the power plant construction, Clear management plan for the environmental protection and proposal ways

for the mitigation of possible environmental impact,



Disposal collateral used for the bank loan guaranty , Initial negotiations with different banks for the lending.

4. Methodology of study evaluation for Small Hydro Potential The consultant (SH.SH.E.M.ZH.Q.) followed the Frame of the Evaluation Process for the Potentiality and Promotion of the Rehabilitation/Development of Small HPP in Kosovo as it is shown in figure 5. The first part of this frame is mainly focused on the actual project.

4.1 Riconicion Study (identification of potential places) In order to estimate the potentiality the consultant undertook a scout study (identification of potential places). The knowledge of the terrain was the first step for which the topographic maps of the scale 1:25,000 up to 1:50,000 were used. Based on the maps taken from MEM, it was possible first to work with them in order to choose potential locations. During a 10 day period, March 2006 and 6 day period, April 2006, it was possible to visit all the potential places with the support of MEM. The potential places were studied and evaluated depending on these factors, including (but not limited to): hydro capacity based on the river flows and dropping; hydrology; meteorology; geology; required investments; demand and supply with electricity; environmental issues.

4.2 Hydro-energetic potential The hydro-energetic potential is the quantity of potential energy that exists in every river or part of the river. The study of potential hydro-energy was realized by investigating the most valuable potentials, based on the initial analysis of respective maps. The study was realized focusing on:

The maximization of the availability of the river dropping, where possible, taking into consideration the existing technology and other economical development factors.

The choosing of a method for the generation of electricity, which is suitable for the country conditions and could be determined from the river topography and the average flows, and

The optimal positioning of the central, in a way to maximize as much as possible the generation of electricity through the most effective use of the flows.

4.3 Preliminary study of financial benefits A financial benefit study for every potential place to be identified is done. At

this preliminary financial phase the potentiality to be used will be decided and shall be given the best variant for the realization of the project from the private investors. After gaining the right for the development of the project from the private investors it is necessary to make a complete feasibility study and gather all of the necessary documents (including the licenses and permits) to assure the financing of the project and then the physical implementation of the project will start.



In the preliminary feasibility study all the topographic, meteorological, geographical maps and those of economic and social development were used. The planning process was done in three phases named: (i) Preparatory Investigation at respective maps, (ii) knowing the terrain at all the potential places where the future 20 centrals shall be constructed, and (iii) the preliminary benefits.

In the preliminary feasibility study all the topographic, meteorological, geographical maps and those of economic and social development were used. The planning process was done in three phases named: (i) Preparatory Investigation at respective maps, (ii) knowing the terrain at all the potential places where the future 20 centrals shall be constructed, and (iii) the preliminary benefits. In the preliminary phase the general information collected from the maps was used, water flows, hydrology, meteorology, geology, environmental considerations etc. This information was secured from the responsible institutions and the Ministries, like i.e. Communes, Ministry of Environment and Space Planning, Ministry of Energy and Mines, Institute of Hydrology, KEK, Central Office of Statistics and other similar institutions. The supporting groups established from the MEM, lead by the head of the departments Strategy and Development, Energy, Renewable Resources division were also included in finding and gathering the necessary information. Also, all of the specialists of MEM nominated to take part in the visits to the terrain participated in the visits, which had a double character: knowing and taking of experience.

Table of inflow of the processes is shown in the first part of figure 4. This analyse, as it is shown in the figure 4, will be part of the full feasibility study and technical design of the SHPP.



Figure 4.: Framework of the Process for Assessing the Potentials and Promoting the Rehabilitation/Development of Small Hydropower Plants in Kosovo

Part 2

Part 1

Part 3



4.4 Preliminary Investigations (surveys) Collected data Gathering of the necessary meteorological, hydro-technique, geological and environmental data is the initial phase for every study estimating the potentiality of small HPP. The minimum data used during the initial phase have been the data of the topographic maps, rainfalls, and river flows in some measuring sites secured by the Kosovo Hydro-meteorology Institute and dropping data. The other data connected with hydrology, meteorology and geology were based on some other sources. These data were collected from Mr. Nazir Myrtja, in collaboration with the specialist of the Renewable Sources Division, and the two head of departments of Energy, Mr. Salvador Elmazi and of the Strategy and Development, Mr. Gzim Pula. Topographic maps The HPP dropping is determined from the valuable river flow of that site or zone. The zone of the water basin is necessary for the calculation of the river flow. The dropping is calculated as a difference of flows and outlets in the spot of this site. The topographic maps were used for the calculation of the water basin and the head at a scale from 1:25,000 up to 1:50,000. These maps were given from Mr. Zenun Elezaj, Director of Seismic Office at MEM and Prof. Alaudin Kodra, specialist experienced in designing the Kosovo Geological Map. Dropping data The data from the topographic maps and the dropping data were used, and a special importance was given to the projecting of the HPP development plan and the data of the river dropping in some parts of it, which will be used for the construction of the new HPP. In some cases, if the river flow was not registered at the project site or near it, then it was necessary to prepare the data for the project site dropping, using the necessary data of the nearby rivers within that area. Other hydrologic and meteorological data Normally rain and snow falls are surveyed even where the falls have not been registered. If the period of registering the data is shorter and inappropriate for the study, the rainfall data will be used for the preparation of long-term falling data. If the flow of the torrent outfall is not installed near the projected zone, but in other basins, the falling data shall be taken from the data of the other basins, taking into consideration the falls in all of the basins. If the fall data is valid in the neighbor basin, the dropping data shall be created from the falling data. All these methodologies are used in this study depending on the case. Some of the main parameters in projecting the HPP, despite its measure, are the landscape and the waters. In a few words, the efficacy of a HPP depends on the quantity of water used and the height from which the water is dropping. So, a determined region is classified as potentially rich with hydro energy if there is a combination of the two above mentioned factors. Problems coming during the projecting of small HPP:

Constructed in far mountainous regions Mountainous water streams are not monitored (how and like) Meteorological network (mainly the falls) is weak

1. Optimal (ideal) case; when the water surveys exist in the axe where the HPP shall be constructed



2. The favorable case; when there are water measurements at the water stream where it is thought the HPP will be constructed

1. The most disadvantageous case and the most common one; when no water measurement exists, and even worse when there are no meteorological measurements at the site.

Geological data The consultants know that there is a need in the planning phase for all the basin geological conditions and the water-lane to be known. Although data was collected regarding the seismic activity in this area based on special literature, as it was needed. Data on electric charge and the transmission and distribution lines. Maximal daily load curves at the nearest supply zone and the sources of energy supply were also investigated. In some cases the HPP are near the load center, so the percentage of the transmission-distribution line, at the cost of HPP is relatively low. Master plan of river basin development - A master plan will be prepared in cases when the development of the entire river basin is required, so to ensure the most effective and efficient manner of utilization of river small-scale hydropower potential. Environmental regulations - Any small-scale hydropower development should comply with the environmental legislation and guidelines in Kosova, hence the need arises for Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Data concerning construction and equipment costs - Estimate of the construction cost is necessary to evaluate the pre-financial and economic viability of the project. The unit prices of the principal inputs such as concrete, excavation, labor, equipment and interest rates are useful for the estimation of the construction cost. These data will be collected. Study of river profile - Small-scale hydro power plants generate electricity by using the difference in elevation of a river. The rivers gradient will be studied by topographic maps so that the topographic features will be used most effectively. The maximum output is the power output the plant can generate, normally referred to as installed capacity or rated capacity. The maximum plant discharge is the largest discharge used by the power plant which is the value used to determine the installed capacity.

4.5 Recognition Study of the most important areas. For the compilation of this study many materials have been analyzed and visits in those areas have been made. The study is spread on all the hydro sources and in all the Kosovar territory. The aim of the study was to highlight the hydrological potentiality existing in those water resources, the possibility to use them for the production of electricity, without harming other sectors of economy. The studying was more concentrated on the possibility to construct small or medium HPP as objects that could be easily



constructed, in a short time period and without harming the environment or other fields. By the construction of these HPP, the natural streams will remain unchanged, these solutions are cheaper and do not try to regulate the flows and to fulfill other water needs. Through these HPP, the production of electricity will depend on the natural flows during the year. At the beginning the study was spread at all the rivers or their main branches. At the first and general comparisons those rivers that had small water quantities or not enough geodesic potentiality were excluded. In these studies, at this phase were excluded also the mountain torrents at high quotes, this for the difficulties in constructing and using them especially during the winter freezing. These sources remained as studying possibility at a latter phase.

Figure 5.: Site presentation of 18 new HPP, based on respective investigations. At the beginning it was thought to include about 15 rivers, with 25 HPP variants in the study. Through the first comparisons and visits to the terrain, a part of them was excluded. At this stage in the study, 18 HPP have been analyzed up to a preliminary scheme-idea. For the rivers presenting more hydro-energetic interest, the schemes have been compiled for their entire or partial use. For these rivers, those parts of the river that are hard to use or could result in high costs are excluded as well as in order not to intervene in the environment, such as some of the areas of present interest for mountain tourism. In figure 5 the presentation of the site of these 18 new HPP is given, based on respective investigations.



In the study even those part of the river that are inhabited, where social or environmental problems could be raised were excluded. From the analysis of the topographic and hydrologic materials, the rivers and the HPP that might be interesting to be studied further on were found. The studies done at this stage could bring some concentration to some zones that have approximate hydro-energetic parameters. 1. Area north-west Pej Junik; 2. Area south east Dragash -Prizren; 3. area north of Mitrovica and 4. Area east of Llapi. Area 1, is a very interesting area. In this area the rivers have more flow and what is more important, even the geodesic potential is considerable, so the hydro energetic gradient (kWh/km2) is at maximum. The Rivers Lumbardhi of Peja., Lumbardhi of Dean, Lumbardhi of Lloanit and Erenik River are included in this area. From all the rivers of the area an average production of about 194 million kWh/year could be gained, separated between the rivers:

From the Lumbardhi of Peja a yearly production of 79 million kWh/year could be attained.

From Lumbardhi of Dean about 64 million kWh/year could be attained. From Lumbardhi of Lloan about 14 million kWh/year could be attained. From Erenik river about 37 million kWh/year could be attained.

Area 2 is ranked second, based on the hydro energetic gradient. The rivers included in this area are: Plava, Lumbardhi of Prizrenit and Lepenci. From all these rivers an average yearly production of about 69 million kWh/year could be attained, separated between the rivers:

From Plava River; about 36 million kWh/year could be attained. From Lumbardhi of Prizren; about 7 million kWh/year could be attained. From Lepenc River; about 26 million kWh/year could be attained.

For this area the hydro energetic gradient is about 4 times lower than that of area 1. Area 3 is ranked third, regarding the hydro energetic gradient. The rivers Bajska and Bistrica (Batare) are included in it. An average of about 7 million kWh/year could be attained from these rivers. This area from the hydro energetic gradient point of view is 9 times poorer than area 1. Area 4 is the poorest area with regard to the hydro-energetic aspect, with a ranking about 12 times lower. The river that presented some interest in this area is the river Kaandoll. About 3 million kWh/year could be gained from this river. The above indicators was necessary million kWh/year and area 1 especially has satisfactory indicators. 4.6 The potential of Kosovo small HPP The possibility of constructing Hydro Power Plants has been determined from the studies done for every river. The composing of every HPP has been calculated; the calculated flow of every power plant has been made. The hydraulic calculations for



the HPP main works have been done and are estimated in the construction works. All the evaluation, for this stage of the study, are done based on the map scaled 1: 25 000. At further stages, the special HPP topographic and geologic works in the terrain should be done. Based on these data and other ones from the hydrologic studies, the hydro-energetic parameters will be fixed, belonging to the project-idea. By analyzing every river in detail, the real HPP will be given: Lumbardhi of Peja River will be constructed 3 SHPPs: Kuqishta SHPP, with 80 m head, calculated inflow 6 m3/sek, installed capacity 3900 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 17 milion kwh/year (figurat 6&7).

Figure 6.: Lumbardhi of Peja; SHPP of Kuqishta. Intake of water site



Figure 7.: Lumbardhi of Peja. Kuqishta SHPP: Upstream part Drelaj SHPP, with 120 m head, calculated inflow 6.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 6200 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 27 milion kwh/year. Shtupeq SHPP, with 120 m head, calculated inflow 8 m3/sek, installed capacity 7600 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 35milion kwh/year (figures 8-10).

Figure 8.: Lumbardhi of Peja. Shtupeqi SHPP: Site where will be allocated channel



Figure 9.: Lumbardhi of Peja; Shtupeqi SHPP: Intake of water site

Figure 10.: Lumbardhi of Peja; Shtupeqi SHPP: Site where will be build the power house LLumbardhi of Deani River - will be constructed 2 SHPPs:



Bellaj SHPP, with 130 m head, calculated inflow 5 m3/sek, installed capacity 5200 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 25 milion kwh/year (Figura 11).

Figure 11.: Lumbardhi of Deani; Bellaj SHPP Deani SHPP, with 160 m head, calculated inflow 6.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 8300 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 39 milion kwh/year (figurat 12-16).

Figure 12.: Lumbardhi of Deani. Deani SHPP



Figure 13.: Lumbardhi of Deani. Deani SHPP: Site where will be build the power house

Figure 14.: Lumbardhi of Deani. Geological structures nearby to the river



Figure 15.: Lumbardhi of Deani. Geological structures (terigjene) nearby to the river

Figure 16.: Lumbardhi of Decani. Geological structures (ranoro-alevrolitore) nearby Lumbardhi of Lloani River - will be constructed 1 SHPP: Lloan SHPP, with 250 m head, calculated inflow 1.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 3100 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 14 milion kwh/year. Erenik River - will be constructed 3 SHPPs:



Mal SHPP, with 200 m head, calculated inflow 2.4 m3/sek, installed capacity 3000 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 18 milion kwh/year (figura 17-18).

Figure 17.: Erenik. Mal SHPP: Site where will be build the power house

Figure 18.: Erenik SHPP Erenik SHPP, with 100 m head, calculated inflow 2.4 m3/sek, installed capacity 2000 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 9 milion kwh/year (Figurat 19-20).



Figure 19.: Erenik SHPP: Site where will be build the power house

Figure 20.: Erenik SHPP Jasiq SHPP, with 90 m head, calculated inflow 2.6 m3/sek, installed capacity 1900 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 9.7 milion kwh/year.

Plav River - will be constructed 2 SHPPs: Dragash SHPP, with 55 m head, calculated inflow 5 m3/sek, installed capacity 2200 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 10 milion kwh/year (Figura 21).



Figure 21.: River of Plava. Dragashi SHPP: Intake of water site Orush SHPP, with 100 m head, calculated inflow 67 m3/sek, installed capacity 5600 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 25.6 milion kwh/year (figura 22).

Figure 22.: Orusha SHPP Lumbardhi of Prizreni River - will be constructed 1 SHPP: Rean SHPP, 70 m head, calculated inflow 2.6 m3/sek, installed capacity 1500 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 6.7 milion kwh/year (figurat 23-24).



Figure 23.: Reani SHPP

Figure 24.: Lumbardhi of Prizren Lepenc River- will be constructed 2 SHPPs: Brezovica SHPP, with 60 m head, calculated inflow 4.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 2100 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 10 milion kwh/year. Lepenci SHPP, with 60 m head, calculated inflow 7.6 m3/sek, installed capacity 3500 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 16 milion kwh/year (figurat 25-29).



Figure 25.: River of Lepenci. Lepenci SHPP: Intake of water site

Figure 26.: River of Lepenci. Lepenci SHPP: Intake of water site



Figure 27.: River of Lepenci Down of intake of water site

Figure 28.: River of Lepenci. Shterpc SHPP: Intake of water site.



Figure 29.: River of Lepenci. Shterpc SHPP: Site where will be build the power house . Bajska River - will be constructed 1 SHPP: Bajska SHPP, with 85 m head, calculated inflow 0.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 300 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 1.4 milion kwh/year (figura 30).

Figure 30.: River of Bajsks Bistrica (Batare) - will be constructed 1 SHPP:



Batare SHPP, with 60 m head, calculated inflow 2.3 m3/sek, installed capacity 1100 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 5.8 milion kwh/year (figurat 31-33).

Figure 31.: River of Bistrica. Batare SHPP: Site where will be build the power house

Figure 32.: River of Bajsks. Geological structures nearby to the river



Figure 33.: River of Bistrics. Geological structures (peridotite) nearby to the river Kaandoll River - will be constructed 1 SHPP: Majanc SHPP, with 50 m head, calculated inflow 1.5 m3/sek, installed capacity 600 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 2.9 milion kwh/year. Drini i Bardh (Drini +Deani) River - will be constructed 1 SHPP: Mirusha SHPP, with 15 m head, calculated inflow 45 m3/sek, installed capacity 4600 kW dhe average yearly electricity generation 22 milion kwh/year. It should also be stressed that among the new HPP there are 5 existing HPP not operating or in operation. The HPP still operating are: Kozhnjer and Ujman. Ujman HPP, with a capacity of 2 x 17.5 MW at an average annual production of 76 GWh, it is the only big HPP that is also used for other scopes. Ujman HPP is the propriety of Ibr-Lepenc Hydro-system and operates in the frame of the Kosovo power system. Beside the production of electricity, the accumulation of water is used for other destinations (irrigations, drinking and for industry). In order to activate, modernize and increase the power of Koznjer HPP, the Kosovo Energy Corporation, signed on 29.04.2004, with special procedure, two contracts with the company Triangle General Constructors from New York:: Leasing contract, and Power Purchase Agreement. After the start of the operations, it is waited that: The HPP annual production shall be: 20756 MWh/year, Installed capacity 8 MW. The project realization has finished and since November 18th, 2005 the central is operating.



In the table 2 the potential of new HPP, existing HPP to be rehabilitated and the HPP already rehabilitated are given. As it can be seen from the table... and the figures ...., the total hydro-technique potential that can be used from the small HPP is 75.22 MW and the energy that can be produced is 344.6 GWh.

Existing SHPP

rehabilitated, 8000, 10.6%

Existing SHPP to be rehabilitated, 3520, 4.7%

New SHPP, 63700, 84.7%

New SHPP, 294.1, 85.6%

Existing SHPP to be rehabilitated,

17.3, 5.0%

Existing SHPP

rehabilitated, 32, 9.3%

Figure 34.: HPP potential upon the categories [kW]

Figure 35.: HPP potential upon categories [GWh]

Table 2.: The value of initial investment components for each HPP new/to be rehabilitated Name Power

capacity [kW]

Electricity generation [Milion kWh]

Inflow m3/sek

Head [m]

River

New HPP which will be constructed 1: Kuqisht HPP 3900 17 6 80 Lumbardhi of

Peja 2: Drelaj HPP 6200 27 6.5 120 3: Shtupeq HPP 7600 35 8 120 4: Bellaj HPP 5200 25 5 130 Lumbardhi of

Deani 5: Dean HPP 8300 39 6.5 160 6: Lloan HPP 3100 14 1.5 250 Lumbardhi of

Lloani 7: Mal HPP 4000 18 2.4 200 Ereniku 8: Erenik HPP 2000 9 2.4 100 9: Jasiq HPP 1900 9.7 2.6 90 10: Dragash HPP 2200 10 5 55 Plava 11: Orush HPP 5600 25.6 7 100 12: Rean HPP 1500 6.7 2.6 70 Lumbardhi of

Prizreni 13: Brezovic HPP 2100 10 4.5 60 Lepenc 14: Lepenc HPP 3500 16 7.6 60 15: Bajsk HPP 300 1.4 0.5 85 Banjsk 16: Batare HPP 1100 5.8 2.3 60 Bistrica

(Batare) 17: Majanc HPP 600 2.9 1.5 50 Kaandoll 18: Mirusha HPP 4600 22 45 15 Drini i Bardh

and Deani All New HPPs 63700 294.1



Exisiting HPP which will be rehabilitated/upgraded 19: Dikancit HPP 1900 10 20: Radavcit HPP 350 1.8 21: Burimit HPP 800 4.6 22: Prizrenit HPP 330 1.4 23: Shtimes HPP 140 0.7 All Existing HPP 3380 17.8

HEC-et ekzistues q punojn 24: Kozhnjerit SHPP 8000 SHPP which are working 8000 TOTAL of all SHPP 67080 311.9

4.7 Objectives of the Study for the Assessment of Kosovo Hydro-energetic Potential

4.7.1 General Objectives

A key element of the study is the promotion of private sector initiatives, both HPP operators, and investors from the private and banking sector. The availability of financial means has been taken into account, even the programs of different donors like programs or project funds, EU, EBRD, World Bank that can support or undertake the investments for rehabilitation of HPP.

The principal objective is to support the promotion of private investments in the development of new small HPP and the rehabilitation of the existing ones in Kosovo, through the identification and estimation of sources that are technically and economically feasible (possible). The identification and development of a supporting program for the construction/rehabilitation of small HPP in Kosovo will push private investments into this sector.

4.7.2 Immediate objectives The projects immediate objectives and the principal components include:

1. The identification and evaluation of the sources which are technically and economically feasible of the Kosovo small HPP.

2. Preparation of a data base for feasible sites for private investments. 3. Development of pre-financial and economical analysis for the identified small

HPP candidate for private investments. 4. Development of preliminary technical analysis and the preliminary financial and

economical benefit analysis for the existing HPP proprietary of KEK. 5. Preparation of documents, project for promotion of private investments for

development new and existing small HPP in Kosovo. 6. Preparation of a supporting program for the small HPP, including fiscal and

regulatory stimulation, and other financial supporting mechanisms. To achieve these objectives SH.SH.E.M.ZH.Q. closely cooperated with the homologue group established with MEM, led by Mr. Nezir Myrtaj. In order to successfully deal with this project SH.SH.E.M.ZH.Q. mobilized a team of highly qualified experts that has had a long experience in the Balkan.



5. Identification and evaluation of the Technical potential of profitability of small HPP in Kosovo Based in the studies carried out for each river, was decided the possibilities for construction of each SHPP in particular river. Analysing each river in the following will be given all rivers masterplans and their SHPPs: Lumbardhi of Peja River - can be constructed three SHPPs:

Kuqishta SHPP Drelaj SHPP Shtupeq SHPP

Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 36 are given the longitudinal profile for three SHPP n this river, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.

Figure 36.: Longitunal Profil of three SHPP according to Master Plan of Lumbardhi of Peja River Lumbardhi of Deanit River - can be constructed two SHPPs:

Bellaj SHPP Deani SHPP

Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 37 are given the longitudinal profile for two SHPP in Decani River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 37.: Longitunal Profil of three SHPP according to Master Plan of Lumbardhi of Deani River

Lumbardhi of Lloanit River - can be constructed one SHPP:

Lloan SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 38 are given the longitudinal profile for three SHPP Llocani River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 38.: Longitunal Profil of one SHPP according to Master Plan of Lloani River

Erenik River - can be constructed three SHPPs:

Mal SHPP Erenik SHPP Jasiq SHPP

Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 39 are given the longitudinal profile for three SHPP Erenik River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 39.: Longitunal Profil of three SHPP according to Master Plan of Erenik River

Plav River - can be constructed two SHPPs::

Dragash SHPP Orush SHPP

Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 40 are given the longitudinal profile for two SHPP in Plava River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 40.: Longitunal Profil of two SHPP according to Master Plan of Plav River

Lumbardhi of Prizreni River - can be constructed one SHPPs: Rean SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 41 are given the longitudinal profile for two SHPP in Prizren River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 41.: Longitunal Profil of one SHPP according to Master Plan of Prizreni River

Lepenc River - can be constructed two SHPPs:

Brezovica SHPP Lepenci SHPP

Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 42 are given the longitudinal profile for two SHPP in Lepenc River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 42.: Longitunal Profil of two SHPP according to Master Plan of Lepenc River

Bajska River - can be constructed one SHPP:

Bajska SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 43 are given the longitudinal profile for one SHPP in Bajska River, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 43.: Longitunal Profil of one SHPP according to Master Plan of Peja Bajska River

Bistrica (Batare) River - can be constructed one SHPP:

Batare SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 44 are given the longitudinal profile for one SHPP in Bistrica river, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 44.: Longitunal Profil of one SHPP according to Master Plan of Bistric River Kaandoll River - can be constructed one SHPP:

Majanc SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 45 are given the longitudinal profile for one SHPP in Kacandoll river, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 45.: Longitunal Profil of one SHPP according to Master Plan of Kaandoll River

Drini i Bardh (Drini and Deani) Rivers - can be constructed one SHPP: Mirusha SHPP Based in the masterplan shown in the figure 46 are given the longitudinal profile for one SHPP in Drini and Decan rivers, designed from working group for utilisation of its hydro potential from technical and financial feasible point of view.



Figure 46.: Longitunal Profil of three one according to Master Plan of Drini i Bardh River Also, as it was mentioned in the above mentioned section, aside with evaluation of new SHPP, it is very important to rehabilitate/upgrade the following existing SHPP: Dikanci SHPP, Radavci SHPP, Burimi (Istogu) SHPP, Prizreni SHPP (this SHPP is not working and actually the building is museum), Shtimja (this SHPP does not exist eny more (please read more about it in the

proper section). In the following section are given all their technical, hydrological and geological and ingineering parameters.

6. Gathering of data on hydrology, geology, evaluation of HPP capacity and the evaluation of initial cost of construction and machineries

During the whole project, as it was stressed before, there was a close cooperation with the MEM group and the necessary data for the respective analysis for the preliminary technical and economical profitability has been collected.



6.1 Topographic maps

The topographic maps on which the hydro-technique, hydrologic and geologic-engineering data are presented are of the scale 1:25 000. Those presented in the Gaus-Kruger projection the main contour lines are taken every 50 m, whereas the simple contour line is every 10 m. In figure 3 the topographic papers are presented where the small Hydro power plans are projected.

Table 3.: Nomeclature of topographic maps (1:25000 and 1:50000), which has been used for study of SHPP on Kosovo

Nr. Name Nr. Name Nr. Name Nr. Name 1 K-34-41-C-

a 22 K-34-30-C-d 43 K-34-53-A-a 63 K-34-30-C

2 K-34-41-C-b

23 K-34-30-D-a 44 K-34-53-A-b 64 K-34-30-D

3 K-34-41-C-c

24 K-34-30-D-b 45 K-34-53-A-d 65 K-34-41-C

4 K-34-41-C-d

25 K-34-30-D-c 46 K-34-53-B-a 66 K-34-42-B

5 K-34-41-D-a

26 K-34-30-D-d 47 K-34-53-B-c 67 K-34-43-A

6 K-34-41-D-c

27 K-34-41-C-a 48 K-34-53-C-b 68 K-34-43-B

7 K-34-53-A-a

28 K-34-41-C-b 49 K-34-54-D-d 69 K-34-43-C

8 K-34-53-A-b

29 K-34-41-C-c 50 K-34-55-C-c 70 K-34-43-D

9 K-34-53-A-d

30 K-34-41-C-d 51 K-34-56-A-a 71 K-34-53-A

10 K-34-53-B-a

31 K-34-41-D-a 52 K-34-56-A-c 72 K-34-53-B

11 K-34-53-B-c

32 K-34-41-D-c 53 K-34-56-C-a 73 K-34-53-C

12 K-34-53-C-b

33 K-34-42-B-a 54 K-34-56-C-c 74 K-34-54-D

13 K-34-55-C-c

34 K-34-42-B-b 55 K-34-66-B-c 75 K-34-55-C

14 K-34-66-C-a

35 K-34-42-B-d 56 K-34-66-B-d 76 K-34-56-A

15 K-34-66-C-c

36 K-34-43-A-a 57 K-34-66-C-a 77 K-34-56-C

16 K-34-66-B-c

37 K-34-43-A-c 58 K-34-66-C-c 78 K-34-66-B

17 K-34-66-B-d

38 K-34-43-B-c 59 K-34-67-A-a 79 K-34-66-C

18 K-34-67-A-a

39 K-34-43-C-b 59 K-34-67-A-b 80 K-34-67-A

19 K-34-30-C-a

40 K-34-43-C-d 60 K-34-67-A-c 81 K-34-78-A

20 K-34-30-C- 41 K-34-43-D-a 61 K-34-67-A-d



b 21 K-34-30-C-

c 42 K-34-43-C-b 62 K-34-78-A-a

6.2 Other meteorological and hydrological data

In the formation of Kosovo climate, an important role is played by its geographic position and the landscape. On the geographic aspect Kosovo is situated from 430 51 and 430 16 north and 200 01 210 48 east. Kosovo territory has total surface of 10.907 km2. Kosovos landscape is characterized by high mountain crests in its surrounding, especially in the west (Bjeshkt e Namuna) and south, where the maximal height is 2658 m above sea level in the Alps, and the lowest level is 273 m above sea level in its central part. The Kosovo average elevation is about 700 m above sea level, which could be considered low if we keep in mind that Kosovo is not surrounded by the sea. Kosovos territory is part of hydrographic basins of three different seas: Adriatic basin (Drini Bardh and Plava), which covers almost half of Kosovos territory; Black Sea basin (Ibri and Morava e Bins), and the Aegean Sea basin (Lepenc or Vardar).

Starting from what we said above, from the climatic point of view we have a very heterogenic territory, where some type of the climates combine with each other. Taking into consideration the geographical position, it is understood that the continental climate prevailing in Kosovos territory sometimes has the effect of a mountain Mediterranean climate. So, there we have a combination of a continental climate with a Mediterranean one, depending on the different regions, where the mountain areas have their influence. So the effects of the mountain Mediterranean climate is felt in the west side of Kosovo through the Drini Bardh valley.

In this project, the one thing that interests us out of all the climatic elements are the atmospheric falls. Since the beginning the fact was mentioned that in general the territory of Kosovo lacks atmospheric falls, if we are talking about the hydro-energy aspect. From the preliminary data about the 37 measurement sites, the results from the annual average falls in the territory of Kosovo are about 760 mm, oscillating from a minimum of 570 mm per year, on Kamenica and a maximum of 1408 mm, in Junik. It is evident that the fact that the falls in the form of snow, during winter time are present in all the territory, which is normal considering the characteristics of Kosovo climate, which were mentioned before.

From the analysis of the data in disposition there are some worries about the atmospheric precipitations. The first is the fact that some measurement sites work at high altitudes (only 9% of the measurement sites are an altitude above 1000 m), which do not reflect the real quantity of the precipitations (such worries are not only in Kosovo) and second, there is a demarked disproportion in the distribution of precipitation in the territory. Acceptable quantities of rain (always in the sense used for hydro-energy) in the mountainous areas of the north-west, west and south-west of Kosovo, where the effects of the Mediterrenean climate is sensed. The rest of Kosovo could be considered poor from hydro-energy point of view.



Regarding the Kosovo hydrographic network we could say that it is divided into three main water basins: a) that of Drini Bardh River and respective branches, from which the main comes from the mountain region of Bjeshkve e Nemuna, like Lumbardhi Pejs, Lumbardhi Deanit, Erenik and the Sharri highlands (Lumbardhi Prizrenit), b) in that of Vardar River, where the main branch in Kosovo territory is Lepenc that from its side has its main branch Nerodima, c) that of Ibr, where its main branch, Sitnica, pass all Kosovo.

6.3 Other data regarding the flows of the water

The data of daily flows in the entire Kosovo hydrographic network are secured from 27 main measurement sites and in general include the period from 1960 up to the year 1986 (see table). The data states that in all the cases, the daily flows have interruptions and for some measuring sites there are data only for one year! This has made the hydrological analysis of the entire region difficult. However a view of the Kosovo hydrologic map could be figured out. All the materials in disposition have already been processed and all the main materials have been taken from every measuring site, such as the annual average flows and the specific average flow (module). These parameters about the sites with more than 10 years of data are presented in table 2 (for presentation effect should be included only some measuring sites with less data). As it was foreseen from Kosovos climatic characteristics, it results that the river with high water flows belongs to the west region of Kosovo, where precipitation is higher. The hydrologic parameter characterizing the water flows is the specific flow (module) that expresses the water contribution per square unit at the same time is the parameter that allows making comparisons between the different flows. It is exactly this parameter that is used to calculate the average flows for each ax, when there are no data, knowing the lowest point of its change in relation to the basin size.

Table 4.: Main hydrologic parameters upon the measuring sites

Nr. Rivers Measurment Post Distance km Area km Years with data

1 Morava e Bins Viti 313.0 111 4 vjet2 Morava e Bins Kromijan 269.3 1017 17 vjet

3 Morava e Bins Konul 266.5 1639 10 vjet4 Ibr Leposavi 131.0 4701 26 vjet5 Ibr Prelez 182.0 1109 15 vjet

6 Sitnica Nedakovc 26.0 2590 25 vjet7 Drenica Drenics 21.2 326 5 vjet8 Llap Luzhan 26.6 694 3 vjet

9 Llap Milloshev 11.4 923 5 vjet10 D. i Bardh Kpuz 59.0 2116 23 vjet11 D. i Bardh Krajk 35.5 3916 3 vjet

12 D. i

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Preafisibility SHP 2006