The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth

Objectives Definition of life

State seven fundamental characteristics of life

State 3 essential abilities of living things

Describe the theories about the origin of life on earth

Discuss the abiogenesis theory and the first cell

Discuss the RNA world hypothesis theory

Describe the evolution of fundamental metabolic reaction: glycolysis, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, timeline of events

Discuss endosymbiotic theory; appearance of multicellular organisms

Discuss the 3 domains and the 5 kingdoms of life

Definition of life

Biology –

What is life?

How would you describe what distinguishes living things from non-living things?

Seven characteristics

What are the 7 characteristics of life?1. Order

2. reproduction

3. Growth and development

4. Energy processing

5. Response to the environment

6. Regulation

7. Evolution

Essential abilities of living things

Genetic ode

Central dogma

Metabolic pathways

Classification

Common names

Taxonomy

Binomial system,

Genus & species

3 Domains of life

Prokaryotes

- Eubacteria

- Archea

Eukaryotes

- Eucarya

Categories of Classifying an organism

Domian

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Activity:Come up with a unique mnemonic for this classification

Classification of Humans

Taxonomic Category

Human Classification

Characteristics Other Represenatives

Domain Eucarya Nucleus in cells, other kinds of organelles

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae

Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic heterotrophs Sponges, jellyfish, insects, cats

Phylum Chordata Animals with type of backbone

Fish, reptiles, mammals

Class Mammalia Animals with hair/mammary gland

Kangaroos, mice, whales, monkeys

Order Primates Mammals with large brain, opposable thumbs

Monkeys, gorillas, baboons

Family Homindae Primates lack tail and have upright posture

Humans and extinct relatives

Genus Homo Hominids with large brains

Humans only surviving member

Species Homo sapiens

Humans

Eubacteria Domain

True bacteria

Saprophytes

Some live in anaerobic & aerobic environments

Archae Domain Extremophiles

Decomposers

Digestive systems

Produce methane

Hot temperatures (hydrothermal vents, hot springs)

Salty environments

Eukarya Domain

Several divisions called kingdoms

- Protista

- Fungi

- Plantae

- Animalia

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia

Acellular Infectious Particles

Must have certain characteristics:

Metabolism

Reproduction

Cellular organization

Homeostasis

Heredity

Virus

Not considered living

Parasitic chemicals (segments of DNA (or RNA) wrapped in a protein

Structure of Viruses

Structure of Virus

Lytic cycle vs. Lysogenic cycle

Theories of early earth

Conditions on Early Earth

When did life begin?

App. 4.6 billion years old

How long did it took the crust to solidify?

How far is the oldest fossil dated back to?