Pre-Class List three reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire: 1.Government corruption...
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Pre-Class List three reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire: 1. Government corruption 2. Continuous struggles for succession 3. Lost monopoly of trade routes to India and China 4. Ottoman Empire failed to industrialize http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Fpu5c b9p0
Pre-Class List three reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire: 1.Government corruption 2.Continuous struggles for succession 3.Lost monopoly of trade
Pre-Class List three reasons for the decline of the Ottoman
Empire: 1.Government corruption 2.Continuous struggles for
succession 3.Lost monopoly of trade routes to India and China
4.Ottoman Empire failed to industrialize
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Fpu5cb9p0
Slide 3
Imperialism and Nationalism
Slide 4
The Sick Man of Europe In the 18 th and 19 th centuries,
Ottoman Empire faces major challenges from the following
nations/people: 1.Austria-Hungary rival power in Europe 2.Russia
rival power in Europe and Asia BOTH want territory from the
Ottomans 3. Greeks, Serbs, Romanians, Armenians, and Bulgarians
living within Ottoman Empire These people wanted INDEPENDENCE from
Ottomans
Slide 5
Rise and Decline of Ottoman Empire http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0073406937/student_view0/chapter28
/interactive_map_quiz.html http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0073406937/student_view0/chapter28
/interactive_map_quiz.html
Slide 6
The Sick Man of Europe France and England alarmed by Ottoman
decline; believe it will give Russia too much power in Europe and
Middle East They call Ottomans The Sick Man of Europe
Slide 7
Reform Attempts Sultans in the 1800s attempt to modernize the
Ottoman Empire: 1.Overhaul government and army 2.Set up new schools
to teach Western science and technology Efforts are not successful,
and in 1908, the Sultan is overthrown by a group that wants more
change This group was known as The Young Turks
Slide 8
Young Turks Young Turks were nationalists: 1.Set up a puppet
government with a new Sultan 2.Ended Ottoman tolerance of different
cultures and religions 3.Fought numerous wars in the Balkans
against Greeks, Serbs, and Bulgarians
Slide 9
Resting after battle during Turkish revolution
Slide 10
The forgotten Holocaust: The Armenian Massacre Ottomans
(Turkey) and Russia fight for control of Armenia in 1916-1917 After
Russians withdraw, Turks seize territory and punish Armenians for
their support of Russia; seek to expel them from Turkey Turks
institute policy of massacre and famine, known as The Armenian
Genocide
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3r35ycecjk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3r35ycecjk&feature=related
Between 1915 and 1922, Armenian loss of life estimated to be near
1.5 million
Slide 11
Republic of Turkey 1923 Ottoman Empire sides with Germany and
Austria- Hungary during World War I. Turkey loses World War I. ALL
of its remaining territories outside Anatolia are lost Mustafa
Kemal, a Turkish general and war hero, abolishes the Ottoman Empire
and sets up a modern, secular state
Slide 12
Reforms of Attaturk Mustafa Kemal later known as Kemal
Attaturk, or father of the Turks 1.Builds industries to compete
with Western powers 2.Separates religion from government 3.Replaces
Islamic law with Western laws 4.Women given right to vote and hold
public office 5.Replaces Arabic script with Latin alphabet
Slide 13
Reforms of Attaturk
Slide 14
A woman judge holding court in Turkey A woman judge holding
court in Turkey, exemplifying the reforms in the rights of women
instituted by Mustapha Kemal between 1924 and 1938.
Slide 15
Turkey Adopting a New Alphabet Atatrk turned Turkey toward the
west in several ways, changing the calendar, methods of
time-keeping, and systems of weights and measures. He replaced the
Arabic script with the Roman alphabet. Here a teacher is explaining
the new alphabet to students. Within the next few months, teachers
were retrained, printing presses were equipped and courses were
established to teach the masses the new alphabet. A three-year plan
was enacted. The literacy rates during this time increased from
around 10% to 75% for men and 45% for women.
Slide 16
Rise of Modern Egypt Ottomans lose control of Egypt in the late
18 th century England and France (Napoleon) fight for control over
Egypt
Slide 17
Rise of Modern Egypt Muhammad Ali 1805, Muhammad Ali, an
Albanian soldier who fought against the French, became governor of
Egypt Ali invited French experts to train Egyptians in the latest
European military and scientific techniques Established new farming
methods, improved irrigation, and promoted the growing of cash
crops : cotton, sugar, and tobacco Muhammad Ali (1769 1849)
Slide 18
The Suez Canal Egypt borrows large sums of money from England
and France to pay for Alis policies England and France interfere in
Egyptian economy and politics French win the right to build Suez
Canal; is completed in 1869
Slide 19
British Occupation Egyptians attempt to take back control of
their country from Britain and France Britain takes control of
Egypt in 1882 Egypt finally gains independence in 1922, but Suez
Canal remains under British control until 1956
Slide 20
Slide 21
Struggle for Iran Russia and Britain both compete for influence
in Iran (ancient Persia) Both want access to the Persian Gulf
(sound familiar?) Iranian leaders (shahs) are weak. By early 1900s,
nationalists demand reform Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878-1944)
Slide 22
Struggle for Iran 1925; Reza Khan, an army officer, set up the
Pahlavi dynasty and made himself shah Khan set out to end foreign
control and create a modern industrial state; built roads,
factories, modernized the army, and reduced power of Muslim clergy
Men and women adopted western clothing, women gained more freedom
to move about in public, schools emphasized western courses of
study, and government used western models for its law code
Slide 23
Arab Nationalism Ottomans lose Arab lands after World War I
Britain and France gain control of most of these territories,
angering the Arabs Britain: receives Iraq, Transjordan, &
Palestine France: gets Syria and Lebanon Mandate arrangement
granting control, but not ownership, of these territories to
Britain and France
Slide 24
Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888-1935), the legendary and
enigmatic "Lawrence of Arabia." British encouraged the Arabs to
revolt against Turkish rule in 1916. T. E. Lawrence, a British
officer, leads them. Is known as Lawrence of Arabia Is angered when
British do not grant Arabs independance
Zionism During 1920s and 1930s, British mandate of Palestine
became the center of conflict between Jewish and Arab nationalists
Anti-Semitism hatred and fear of Jews Anti-Semitism increased in
Europe, making many Jews wish to return to their ancient homeland;
this movement was known as Zionism AD. 70: Jews dreamed of
returning to Palestine since the time of the Diaspora Were
encouraged and led by Theodor Herzl
Slide 27
The Balfour Declaration: 1917 In 1917, the British government,
which controls Palestine through its mandate, issues the Balfour
Declaration: His Majestys Government views with favour the
establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish
peopleit being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which
may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine
Slide 28
The Balfour Declaration: 1917 Jewish settlers in Palestine:
1918 Theodor Herzl (1860 1904)
