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7/31/2019 PRC PDA: Training Program on Water Tariff Reform and Peer-to-Peer Learning Process for Rural Environmental He…
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Training on Water Tariff Reform,
Environmental Health and Hygiene
Awareness
Inception Report
Ying Xiguo
Yang Jun
12 March 2012
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guaranteethe accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use.Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
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2
Part I Analysis on the Current Situation of the RuralEnvironmental Health, Hygiene Awarenessand Water Tariff in the Project Areas
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Content
1. The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health and Hygiene
Awareness in Yunyang and Youyang
1.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health And Hygiene
Awareness in Yunyang County
1.1.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Yunyang County
1.1.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in Yunyang
County
1.1.3 The Current Situation Of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang
County1.1.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County
1.2 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental Health and Hygiene
Awareness in Youyang County
1.2.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Youyang County
1.2.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in Youyang
County
1.2.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in Youyang
County
1.2.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County
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1. The Current Situation of the Water Tariff ,Environmental
Health and Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang and Youyang
In order to analyze the current situation and the major problems of the water tariff,
environmental health and hygiene awareness in the project area, a research team
was set up by the consultants in November, 2011 and conducted a site visit and
survey in 5 villages of Yunyang and Youyang. The main research subjects are local
villagers and the main method is face to face interview. At last, 204 questionnaires
have been collected. So the description of the current situation of the Yunyang and
Youyang is based on the statistics of this survey.
1.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff, Environmental Health and
Hygiene Awareness in Yunyang CountyYunyang is located at the core zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir in Northeast
Chongqing, and also the center of four big counties or districts , namely Wanzhou
district, Yunyang county, Kaixian county and Fengjie county. It is an important hub
linking the eco-economic corridor of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The downtown of
Yunyang is 310 km (express way) away from the Chongqing city proper, and 291 km
(waterway) away from Yichang in Hubei province. The total area of the county is 3,649
km2, among which 60,679 hectares are arable land. Till 2010, the county has 22
towns, 16 villages and 4 sub-district offices. The total population is 1.3421 million,including 1.1443 million agricultural populations and 197.8 thousand non-agricultural
populations, with a population density of 368 people per square kilometer.
1.1.1 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Tariff in Yunyang County
(1) The Water Tariff in Yunyang County
Many of the town/township residents have access to tap water now. And
according to the survey, in most of these towns/townships, the water tariff is between
1.50-2.00 Yuan per ton. Only very few towns/townships has a low water tariff of 1.20
Yuan per ton, or a high water tariff of 2.50 Yuan per ton. As a whole, the water tariff is
relatively low while the water supply cost is relatively high in Yunyang county, which
leads to a great deficit for the water supply enterprises. In 2009, the average water
tariff of the whole county was 1.80 Yuan per ton; however, the average water supply
cost was 4.40 Yuan per ton, so there was a loss of 2.50 Yuan per ton.
(2) The Affordability of the Water Tariff in Yunyang County
According to the survey, most of the residents are satisfied with the relatively low
water tariff in Yunyang county. The Chart 1-1 shows the residents’ degree of
satisfaction for the water tariff in Yunyang county. 75.6% of the residents are satisfied
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with the current water tariff, and only 2.4% of the residents think the current water tariff
is unreasonable. The reason of the high satisfaction is that the spending on drinking
water takes not so much share in their total incomes, so they have strong willing and
capacity to pay. Take 2009 as an example, the average water tariff in Yunyang was
1.80 Yuan per ton, while the per capita GDP in Yunyang was 7366 Yuan, so we can
see that the water tariff was relatively reasonable in this county, the share of spending
on water was relatively low in their total incomes.
Chart 1-1 The Degree of Satisfaction on the Water Tariff In Yunyang County
(3) The Water Tariff Collection Rate in Yunyang County
The survey shows that the water tariff collection rate is relatively high in Yunyang
due to the low water tariff and high acceptance. For some disadvantaged groups such
as families which have no economic income or disabled people, the government will
support them by exempting their basic living water tariff after confirmation.
(4) The Subsidies on the Water Tariff
In order to reduce the deficit of the water supply enterprises and ensure the water
quality of the domestic water, the Yunyang government provides subsidies on the
water tariff. Based on the communication with the local government officials, we
noticed that the subsidies went to the following aspects: (a) The operation of the water
supply project, and the running and maintenance of the water supply infrastructure.
Because these infrastructures are public owned, the government provides fiscal
subsidies to support the operation of these water supply project. (b) The wages of the
water users. In order to safeguard the living condition of the local residents, the
government has provided the water tariff subsidies for their wages to ease their
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economic burdens.
(5) The Key Factors Contributing to the Water Tariff
Water tariff is the reflection of the value of the water. The water tariff is comprised
of three factors, namely, resources water charges, engineering water charges and the
environmental water charges. (a) The resources water charges reflect the rareness
and the property right of the water resources. And these are what we usually call the
charges on water resources, which mean selling the rights to use water. And the
charges varied according to different water sources, different seasons or different
usages. (b) The engineering water charges reflect the production costs and property
income from the water resources, which mean selling the quantity and quality of the
water body. This kind of charges mainly refers to the direct payment, direct material
costs, other direct spending as well as the depreciation costs, the repairing costs and
the water resources costs of the fixed assets, and also include the selling costs,
management costs, financial costs, interest expense and taxes under the national tax
laws and regulations for organizing and managing the water production and operation,
as well as the reasonable profit for the water management units by producing and
operating the water supply. (c) The environmental water charges refer to the external
costs of treating the water, mainly the waste water treatment fees, which mean selling
the environmental capacity. This kind of charges also includes the charge on water
pollution, charge on pollutant discharge etc. Because the construction of the rural
drinking water safety project has a high cost, thus the water tariff in rural area is 1 to 2Yuan more expensive than that in the urban areas for one ton.
Based on the above theoretical analysis and the survey in Yunyang, the major
contributors to the water tariff in Yunyang are: (a) The cost of the water supply
infrastructure and the hardware, which is the biggest contributor to the water tariff in
Yunyang. So in order to provide safe drinking water to the rural residents, the
government and the water supply enterprises spent much efforts and capital on the
improvement of water supply infrastructure. Thus a reasonable water tariff must be
set to recover the cost. (b) The wages of the water supply employees. The rural safe
drinking water project requires a large amount of facilities and equipment as well as a
lot labors for construction, monitoring and maintenance, so their wages should also be
included into the cost of the water supply. (c) The maintenance cost of the water
supply facilities. Once the towns/townships have access to the tap water, the related
equipment and facilities need necessary maintenance and repairing, which would
bring much investment. And this becomes another contributor.
(6) The Impact on Water Conservation from the Current Water Tariff
The survey shows that the low water tariff has a very limited impact on water
conservation in Yunyang county. On one hand, the tap water provides a more
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convenient way of accessing to the water than the previous well or spring water, thus
also brings an increase of the water consumption. On the other hand, the low water
tariff plus the governmental subsidies make the water conservation activities very
difficult to implement. In addition, in some towns/townships which newly access to the
tap water, the statistics of the water use amount is not so standardized, which may
lead to a large amount of waste.
(7) The Intention of Water Tariff Reform
Because the water tariff in Yunyang is relatively low, in order to realize the
sustainable development of the rural safe drinking water in the county, the county
government intends to raise the water tariff within a reasonable range to meet the
demand of the residents and save the cost as well as conserve the water resources.
This reform is necessary because of the following two reasons: first is that the water
supply enterprises in Yunyang are in great deficit, even with the governmental
subsidies; second is that the low water tariff leads to a lot of waste, and this is another
important reason.
1.1.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in
Yunyang County
Yunyang county is a mountainous area where the karst landforms are distributed
widely and the number of ponds or reservoirs is very limited, meanwhile the poor
people are very centralized, which brings a severe challenge for the rural safedrinking water. The statistics of the rural drinking water shows that: there are 658.3
thousand people cannot access to the safe drinking water, accounts for 57.53% of the
total rural population. Among them, 123.2 thousand people (18.71% of the population
cannot have the safe drinking water) cannot have meeting-the-standard quality
drinking water, while 137.3 thousand people (20.86%) cannot have enough quantity of
drinking water, 153.3 thousand people (23.29%)cannot have a convenient access to
drinking water, and 244.5 thousand people(37.14%)cannot have qualified water
source guarantee rate. The quality related water shortage co-exists with the quantity
related water shortage. Since 1985, the 62 existing rural centralized water supply
projects, most of which were built in the late 1980s and early 1990s, are suffering from
the aging of the equipment, the backward technology and the severe corroded
pipelines. Two thirds of them need upgrading.
The health monitoring institution under Yunyang Health Bureau has monitored 51
water supply units, among which 11 were qualified, 11 were part indexes disqualified,
and 29 were disqualified. 15 of them have excessive bacteria, 29 of them have
excessive coliform groups, and 29 of them have excessive thermo-tolerant coliform
groups. As a whole, the water quality in Yunyang county is relatively better than those
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heavy polluted water sources. That means the water pollution is not severe in
Yunyang, but the water in Yunyang has its own problem, that is the high hardness of
water. According to the monitoring result of the Kucaotuo section in Yunyang, the
water quality classification of Yunyang county is Class II, without excessive pollutant
in the water body. In 2010, the quality related water shortage co-exists with the
quantity related water shortage in Yunyang county, and 492.1 thousand people cannot
access to the safe drinking water, accounts for 43.92% of the total population in the
whole county.
The survey conducted this time shows that there are two major problems lying in
the rural drinking water safety in Yunyang: One is the backward of the water supply
infrastructure and the lack of financial and labor support, which have posed a great
challenge for the rural residents to have the safe drinking water; and another one is
that the lack of hygiene awareness among the rural people. Because many young
people went out for work, most of the rural residents are left-over children or elderly
people, thus makes it very difficult to spread and popularize the drinking water
hygiene awareness in these areas.
1.1.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in
Yunyang County
Because the education for rural residents is limited, the drinking water awareness
in Yunyang county is relatively weak. The Chart 1-2 is the survey result, it shows thatthe rural residents know only a little about their surrounding environmental hygiene,
only 5.6% of the people have a clear idea about their surrounding environment, while
most of the agricultural workers know only a little or even do not care. However, most
of the residents have followed the call of the government and showed great
enthusiasm towards the rural safe drinking water supply project. This reflects the
progress of the society and the strengthened hygiene awareness among the local
residents. The related governmental agencies shall seize this opportunity to spread
and popularize the awareness of safe drinking water and strengthen the hygiene
awareness among the rural residents.
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Chart 1-2 The awareness condition of the environmental hygiene among the rural
residents in Yunyang county
The residents’ awareness of protecting the local water source is also relative
weak, many of them discharge their domestic sewage into the river directly and many
people wash their clothes or agricultural chemical irrigation facilities in the river, which
brings a great risk of pollution to the water source. Therefore, trainings for the local
residents are necessary to strengthen their awareness of protecting the water source.
And Yunyang’s economy is relatively underdeveloped, thus many young people
choose to work outside, leaving the children and women at home. Therefore,
increasing the awareness among the children and women is of vital importance for
protecting the local water source as well as promoting the rural safe drinking water
project. So the local government shall organize more training for the children and
women to strengthen their awareness on water environment and hygiene.
1.1.4 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County
(1) The Process of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Work in Yunyang County
In 2009, during the process of the drinking water safety work, the Yunyang county
had stick to the principles of standardized construction, professionalized management,
scaled development, commercialized operation, and market-oriented financing, and
had achieved great success. In Yunyang, 285 rural drinking water supply sites had
been newly constructed, which had solved the problem of the drinking water safety for
390 thousand people.
A. Standardized Construction
In order to achieve the standardized construction, Yunyang county has adopted
the scientific planning to justify the water source, and tried best to solve the problem
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of rural drinking water supply by using the natural flow water source and extending the
existing water supply network. In the engineering design, they gave priority to the
standard drawings issued by the municipal Water Bureau, and engaged the
specialists from the Three Gorges Design Institutes to optimize the design for
above-the-scale water supply projects. At the same time, all the construction of the
water supply projects are under strict rules, every project has the site supervision.
Nine patrol inspection teams were formed by the backbone engineers with their
names published to increase their sense of responsibility. During the construction,
they also paid much attention to the matching facilities construction and greening of
the environment, so as to build every water plant into a small garden.
B. Professionalized Management
First is the professionalized capital management. Yunyang always emphasizes
the capital management and carried out The Management Methods of the Special
Fund for Water Supply Construction in Yunyang County and The Management
Methods of the Village Level Drinking Water Projects in Yunyang County
consecutively. All the project funds are saved, managed and used specially. Second is
the professionalized quality management. In the construction management, the
concept of life-long responsibility is brought in, so that every project has a clear quality
responsible person and a strict technical standard. And they also set up an
information disclosure system for the pre-construction, during-construction and
post-construction periods and welcomed the public supervising. Third is theprofessionalized operation management. All the projects were managed by different
professional management teams according to different sectors and scale. All the
management personnel shall have the qualification and the certification.
C. Scaled Development
After the scientific planning and justification, Yunyang has conducted some
backbone water supply projects in some chosen key areas, which not only solved the
water supply problem that hinders the local socio-economic development, but also
realized good economic benefits by scale management. E.g. the Bailong water supply
station not only solved the drinking water safety problem for the whole town, but also
for another 6000 people in the 7 nearby villages. The same situation is also found in
Yuhaoyu water supply station.
D. Commercialized Operation
First is setting up the share-holding company by the water supply projects in the
economic developed regions, which would operate in line with the modern enterprise
system that includes independent operation, independent accounting and full
responsibility for the success of the business. Second is setting up a state-owned
company by the Water Resource Bureau to manage the town-based water supply
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stations as a whole. Today, this company has 79 staff and manages 18 town-based
water supply stations, with annual revenue of 10 million Yuan. Third is setting up the
rural water user association to manage those independent village-level water supply
projects. The association members and management personnel were elected with the
principal of “determine by discussion”, and they would discuss the water tariff
collection standard, set the management regulations and maintain the regular
operation of the association.
E. Market-oriented Financing
At the same time of applying the national special fund for drinking water safety,
Yunyang county has spared no effort on raising the construction fund with
market-oriented and multi-channel methods. First is applying the counter fund. They
have arranged the special counter fund of 1million Yuan every year for the safe
drinking water. Second is financing the finance institutes to get the special fund to
support the water supply construction. Third is absorbing 6.53 million Yuan social
capital by shareholding reform, and raising 7.08 million Yuan by mobilizing the benefit
villages and people.
(2) The Working Plan for Rural Drinking Water Safety in Yunyang County during the
Twelfth Five Year Plan
Based on the spirit of the municipal meeting on the construction of farmland
irrigation and water conservancy and the actual conditions of the county, Yunyang has
carried out the key projects for the rural drinking water in 2011, with a focus on theurban-rural integration. And 45 village-level water supply projects have been
constructed in this year, which has solved the safe drinking water problem for 150
thousand local residents. This construction has laid a solid foundation for promoting
the local rural economy and increasing the income for the agricultural workers.
Inspired by the No.1 document of the central government, the county has carried
on its large investment on the water conservancy, with a total proposed investment of
677 million Yuan. From January to August, the utilized investment on water
conservancy is 442 million Yuan, accounting for 65.3% of the total investment plan.
There are two light spots in this achievement: one is the speeding up of the key
projects and the drinking water safety project. The construction of the Meifeng
reservoir and Gaixiaba hydropower station has been sped up, 64% and 63% of the
total investment have been accomplished respectively. And 25 town/village-based
centralized water supply projects, such as Huangshi, Renhe or Houye and 53 drinking
water safety projects have been newly built or upgraded, and 512 km pipelines have
been installed, all of which have solved the drinking water safety problem for 105
thousand rural people, accounting for 78% of the yearly plan. The Biaocao village
water supply project, the Tongxin reservoir have been listed as the municipal plan and
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the southwest backbone water source plan respectively, and the Dayang
Huangbogou reservoir is trying to be listed in the municipal plan. Another light spot is
the rapid development of the key counties of small scale irrigation and drainage. 11
villages in 4 towns/townships (Huangshi, Fengming, Panlong and Shuangjiang) have
witnessed the rapid development of the small scale irrigation and drainage, and the
task of building the key county of the small scale irrigation and drainage has
completed. Another 10 million Yuan has been invested on the water supply for the
Huangshi and Zhongwan village orange park of Huangshi town, 4.5 million Yuan for
the 1000 mu cemetery, and 2 million Yuan for the Fengming bull farm and Panlong
beef cattle farm.
During the 12th Five Year Plan, the working focus will be the improvement of
people’s living hood and the construction of the drinking water safety project. They
planned to see the completion of the Meifeng reservoir construction, the
commencement of the Qingshan reservoir construction and the draft design or even
the construction commencement of the Xingfu reservoir. They will newly build or
upgrade 25 small scale reservoirs and 2 connection projects to increase the water
supply guarantee rate. With the principle and methods of “centralized first, distributed
later”, “important first and normal later” and “push by the whole towns/townships”, they
will newly build or upgrade 250 urban-rural centralized drinking water safety projects
to meet the water demand of 500 thousand people. They will spare no efforts to have
a 95% attainment rate for the rural drinking water safety, and a 95% water guaranteerate.
1.2 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff, Environmental
Health and Hygiene Awareness in Youyang County
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County is located at the conjunction of 4
provinces/municipality, they are Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou. To the east,
it is Longshan county of Hunan; to the south, they are Xiushan county of Chongqing,
Songtao and Yinjiang counties of Guizhou; to the west, they are Yanhe county of
Guizhou; to the northwest, it is Pengshui county; to the north, they are Qianjiang
county of Chongqing and Xianfeng and Laifeng counties of Hubei. It is 98.3 km from
the east to the west and 119.7 km from the north to the south. It covers an area of
5173 km2, making it the largest county in Chongqing with great potential for
development. The county covers 14 towns and 24 townships, as well as 278 villages
(including 8 communities). The total population of the county is 808 thousand,
including agricultural population of 722.4 thousand and non-agricultural population of
85.6 thousand. There are more than 50 rivers in the county, 21 of which have the
catchment area more than 50 km2. These rivers can be divided into Yuanjiang water
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system and Wujiang water system. The major rivers are Apengjiang River, Ganlong
River and Youshui River.
1.2.1 The Current Situation of the Water Tariff in Youyang County
(1) The Water Tariff in Youyang County
The survey shows that Youyang has an even cheaper water tariff than Yunyang
county. The average water tariff in Youyang county is 1.5 Yuan per ton. The gap
between the water tariffs of the two counties also reflects their economic gap.
Youyang is more remote than Yunyang geologically, so it would have a higher cost of
water supply than Yunyang. Therefore, the low water tariff and the high costs make it
more likely for the water supply enterprises in Youyang to have more severe deficit.
(2) The Affordability of the Water Tariff in Youyang County
According to the survey, most of the residents are satisfied with the low water
tariff in Youyang county. Because Youyang has an even lower water tariff, the degree
of satisfaction is relatively high among the local residents. The Chart 1-3 shows the
residents’ degree of satisfaction for the water tariff in Youyang county, only 2% of the
residents are not satisfied with the current water tariff. Take 2009 as an example, the
average water tariff in Youyang was 1.5 Yuan per ton, while the per capita GDP in
Youyang was 8323 Yuan, so we can see that the share of spending on water was
relatively low in the total incomes of the local residents, and their willingness and
affordability are relatively optimistic.
Chart 1-3 The degree of satisfaction on the water tariff in Youyang county
(3) The Water Tariff Collection Rate in Youyang County
The survey shows that the water tariff collection rate in Youyang is even higher
than Yunyang due to the lower water tariff and high acceptance. Because Youyang is
an ethnic minority concentrated county, the government has provided many
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preferential policies for the local people. For some disadvantaged groups such as
families which have no economic income or disabled people, the government will
support them by exempting or postponing their basic living water tariff after
confirmation.
(4) The Subsidies on the Water Tariff
In order to reduce the deficit of the water supply enterprises and ensure the water
quality of the domestic water, the Youyang government provides subsidies on the
water tariff. Based on the communication with the local government officials, we
noticed that the subsidies went to the following two aspects: (a) The operation of the
water supply project, and the running and maintenance of the water supply
infrastructure. Because these infrastructures are public owned, the government
provides fiscal subsidies to support the operation of these water supply project. (b)
The wages of the water users. In order to safeguard the living condition of the local
residents, the government has provided the water tariff subsidies for their wages to
ease their economic burdens.
(5) The Key Factors Contributing to the Water Tariff
The water tariff is comprised of three factors, namely, resources water charges,
engineering water charges and the environmental water charges. Based on the above
theoretical analysis and the survey in Youyang, the major contributors to the water
tariff in Youyang are: (a) The cost of the water supply infrastructure and the hardware,
which is the biggest contributor to the water tariff in Youyang. So in order to providesafe drinking water to the rural residents, the government and the water supply
enterprises spent much efforts and capital on the improvement of water supply
infrastructure. (b) The wages of the water supply employees. The rural safe drinking
water project requires a large amount of facilities and equipment as well as a lot
labors for construction, monitoring and maintenance, so their wages should also be
included into the cost of the water supply. (c) The maintenance cost of the water
supply facilities. Once the towns/townships have access to the tap water, the related
equipment and facilities need necessary maintenance and repairing, which would
bring much investment. And this becomes another contributor.
(6) The Impact on Water Conservation from the Current Water Tariff
The survey shows that the low water tariff has a very limited impact on water
conservation in Youyang county. On one hand, the low water tariff plus the
governmental subsidies have increased the people’s affordability, which makes the
water conservation activities very difficult to implement. On the other hand, the tap
water provides a more convenient way of accessing to the water than the previous
well or spring water, thus also brings an increase of the water consumption or even
leads to a large amount of waste.
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(7) The Intention of the Water Tariff Reform
Because the water tariff in Youyang is relatively low, in order to realize the
sustainable development of the rural safe drinking water in the county, the county
government intends to raise the water tariff within a reasonable range to meet the
demand of the residents and save the cost as well as conserve the water resources.
1.2.2 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Environmental Health in
Youyang County
Yunyang county has more than 30 towns/townships, 266 villages and 1,775
groups. The statistics of the rural drinking water shows that: there are 374.2 thousand
people cannot access to the safe drinking water. Among them, 30.33 thousand people
cannot have meeting-the-standard quality drinking water, while 30.2 thousand people
cannot have enough quantity of drinking water, 250.8 thousand people cannot have a
convenient access to drinking water, and 59.9 thousand people cannot have qualified
water source guarantee rate of 90%. According to the monitoring result of 2011 in
Wanmu section, the water quality classification of Youyang county is Class I. The
main pollutant in the water body is total phosphorus, coming from the city domestic
waste water and the rural area-source pollution.
The survey conducted this time shows that there are two major problems lying in
the rural drinking water safety in Youyang: One is the lack of hygiene awareness
among the rural people. The disorder discharge of the waste water has broughtpollution to the local water source; and another one is the backward of the water
supply infrastructure and the lack of financial and labor support, which have also
posed a great challenge for the rural residents to have the safe drinking water.
1.2.3 The Current Situation of the Drinking Water Hygiene Awareness in
Youyang County
The Chart 1-2 is the survey result in Youyang, it shows that the rural residents
know only a little about their surrounding environmental hygiene, only a few people
have a clear idea about their surrounding environment, while most of the people know
only a little or even do not care, which makes it difficult to spread and popularize the
hygiene awareness among them.
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Chart 1-4 The awareness condition of the environmental hygiene among the rural
residents in Youyang county
Because Youyang is an ethnic minority concentrated county, its economy is
relatively underdeveloped, and many young people choose to work outside, leaving
the children and women at home. Therefore, increasing the awareness of the children
and women is of vital importance for protecting the local water source as well as
promoting the rural safe drinking water project. So the local government shall
organize more training for the children and women to strengthen their awareness on
water environment and hygiene.
1.2.5 The Working Plan of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County(1) The Work of the Rural Drinking Water Safety in Recent Year
During the “11th five year plan”, Youyang county had witnessed the largest and
most rewarding investment on the water conservancy construction. The completed
investment on water conservancy and hydro power accumulated to 2.568 billion Yuan,
an increase of 1.834 billion than that of the “10th five year plan” (734 million Yuan).
The urban and rural drinking water safety construction has also achieved great
success. The completion of the newly-built or upgraded centralized water supply
stations such as Banxi, Longtan( Phase I) and Ganxi, as well as the 937 rural
centralized or distributed drinking water projects, have solved the problems of safe
drinking water for 310 thousand people.
In recent years, under the leadership of the government of all levels, and with the
efforts of all the people in the county, Youyang has made great progress in solving the
drinking water problem for the water-deficient areas.
(a) Using the centralized water supply projects as the focus to solve the problem of
the drinking water shortage in the towns/townships.
Youyang has constructed four water supply stations with actual daily capacity
over 500 ton (Longtan, Mawang, Dingshi and Gongtan); two water supply stations
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with actual daily capacity between 300 to 500 ton; and eleven water supply stations
with actual daily capacity under 300 ton. And the county has utilized the national
investment of 4.98 million Yuan, solved the problem of drinking water shortage for
25.9 thousand people and improved the drinking water condition for 12 thousand
people.
(b) Using the experience of a selected spots to promote the work in the entire area.
In recent years, Youyang has achieved great success in the construction of
drinking water safety. By using the experience of a selected spots to promote the work
in the entire area, Youyang county has constructed 305 distributed drinking water
supply projects and solved the problem for thousands of people.
In total, the county has utilized 8.71 million Yuan investment of the national
drinking water special fund, constructed 322 related engineering projects, 305 ponds,
and realized 13,500 m3 water storage, complete 97.5 thousand m3 earthwork volume,
195,000 m3 wet masonry, 9,500 m3 concrete volume, 4,500 m3 reinforced concrete
volume, 205 thousand work days, installed 220.6 km pipelines, 1800 meters
construction electricity transmission lines, and six transformers with 180,000 kilovolt
ampere capacity. In total, it has solved the drinking water problem for 41.09 thousand
people and improved the drinking water condition for 15 thousand people.
(2) The Working Plan for Rural Drinking Water Safety in Youyang County during the
Twelfth Five Year Plan
In the next 5 years, Youyang will strengthen its efforts to promote the constructionof the rural drinking water safety work, improve the drinking water condition for the
rural people, enhance the water quality and make contributions to the poverty
reduction in the rural areas.
Under the requirement of the urban-rural integration, the Youyang government
has paid much attention to the compiling of the 2010-2013 working plan of the rural
drinking water safety project. It will spare no efforts in promoting construction of four
centralized water supply projects in Keda, Guanqing, Tushi and Mawang, and ten
town/township rural water supply safety projects in Mawang, Heishui, Zhongduo,
Banxi, Tushi, Jiangfeng, Liangzeng, Xiaohe, Guanqing and Tianguan, and overfilled
the task by supplying water to the extra 40 thousand people. And Youyang are
actively promoting the “one city and five group” water supply system, and making
clear of the responsibilities and accountability of the project to ensure the solid
construction and benefits and the affordability for the local people. The detailed
working plans are:
(a) Define the tasks and emphasis the implementation.
The 2011 rural drinking water safety project covers 38.8 thousand people in 23
villages of 8 towns/townships. The fund mainly comes from the national budget and
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the self-financing. The construction includes the centralized water supply projects, the
distributed water supply projects, the installment of the distribution and transmission
pipelines and the water purification system as well as the sanitation facilities. Even the
time is limited, the task is difficult and the requirement is high, the government at all
levels has set up the leadership organization to strengthen the institutional capacity
and formulated strict management regulations and measures to promote the solid
implementation of all the works.
(b) Speed up the preparation of the project.
At the beginning of March, Youyang government had divided the whole project
into 6 parts for public bidding, and chose the professional construction team. The both
parties have signed the Construction Contract, the Construction Integrity Contract,
and the Safety in Production Contract, and clearly defined the responsibility and
accountability. The construction will strictly follow the technical specification and
emphasis the management, the supervision, the quality and the process to implement
every work in real earnest.
(c) Cooperate more and form the joint forces.
Youyang county government has defined that the benefited town/township
governments would be responsible for the land acquisition and occupation in their
own area, while the county Water Resource Bureau would be responsible for the
construction plan, the technical guidance and the quality supervision during the
construction, as well as the management of the project fund and the working schedule.With an arranged schedule, all the parties are working together for the completion of
the construction at the end of August and the final acceptance in October.
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Appendix 1
The questionnaire of the survey on the water tariff reform, environmental health and
hygiene awareness in Yunyang and Youyang
1. Your current water tariff is Yuan/ton.
2. Your attitude towards the current water tariff?
A. satisfied B. relatively satisfied C. not satisfied
3. Do you pay the water tariff on time?
4. Does the local government provide water tariff subsidies for the rural residents?
What are the major measures?
5. What do you think are the contributors of the water tariff?
6. Do you save water in your daily life?7. Your attitude towards government’s reform of the water tariff?
8. What do you think are the major problems in the drinking water safety in your
place?
9. How do you know about the environmental hygiene?
A. know clearly B. know some C. know little D. do not know or not care
10. Do you pay attention to the local water source (e.g. the river) protection in your
daily life?
11. What works have the government done in this year towards the local ruraldrinking water safety?
12. What is the government’s working plan for the future towards the rural drinking
water safety?
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Part III
Training Plans: Tasks and Methods
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1. Team Composition
Core team members are: Yang Jun (Specialist in Project Team, Professor
from Chongqing Technology and Business University), Yin Xiguo (Specialist in
Project Team, Professor from Chongqing University), Deng Tao (Executive of the
Project Office, Professor from the Fiscal and Financial Research Institute of
Chongqing Academy of Social Science), He Xiaojia (Secretary of the Project
Office, Chongqing Academy of Social Science). Detailed team composition is
displayed in picture 4, whereas specific info of team members is listed in Appendix
C.
Picture 4 Team Composition
2 Working Plan
2.1 Overall Objectives
By designing plans and updating them in regard of demands, and conducting
effective training programs in accord with the ADB requirements, they are
expected to achieve the objectives listed below:
(1) To guarantee that in Yunyang and Youyang, units related to water affairs and
the rural residents have the basic knowledge about their surrounding water
resources and environment, as well as water resources and environment in the
municipality and in the whole country.
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(2) To raise the health awareness of water environment amongst rural residents in
Yuyang and Youyang, and motivate them to better protect the water sources.
(3) To convince the rural residents in Yuyang and Youyang that the investment in
water hygiene facilities is beneficial, and raise their awareness of water tariff, and
to promote the development of rural water industry.
(4) To publicize and spread water policies from ABD to core units which are
responsible for raising the awareness of water environment amongst rural
residents and the reform of water tariff in Yunyang and Youyang.
(5) To ensure that local governments and water affair related units in Yunyang and
Youyang attach more significance to the protection of water resources
environment and issues regarding rural drinking water.
(6) To put forward practical ways to pay off ADB loans of Yunyang and Youyang.
(7) To help women and children as well as rural residents in the training program
to learn some basic information of the water resources environment in their own
areas, in the municipality and in the country.
(8) To raise and enhance the awareness and skills in women and children to
moderate the consuming of water resources, to protect water environment, and to
maintain both personal health and public hygiene in pilot areas.
(9) To win the understanding and support for regulations and policies relevant to
local and national water recourses protection and tariff amongst women and
children in the pilot areas.(10) To enhance the communication among the organizing units concerning
“Peasants, Women and Children, Water” and local residents in pilot areas.
(11) To organize and promote the initiation of a long-term mechanism for the
awareness of water environment protection and the drinking water safety amongst
specifically women and children in the pilot areas.
(12) To contribute to the establishment of the index system and control system for
the evaluation, supervision and protection of water resources and water
environment in the pilot areas.
(13) To provide practical consultations materials to educate and train the residents
in regions other than the pilot areas.
2.2 Plans for Research and Training
In accord with the ADB requirements, our overall plan for the implementation
of this project is displayed in Chart 1. Main parts of the plan are field research
activities by the Project Management Team and the training program for health
issues regarding water and water tariff. The plan of reports mainly refers to the
composing of the inception and interim reports. The Chart 2 shows the work
schedule of program participants.
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Chart 1 Overall Plan for the Implementation of the Project
Month
Date
B
E
F
GH
I
B
Activities A Workshops with water related unites and schools in Yunyang County; B Workshops with
in Youyang County; C Design and conducting textbooks for training, brochures, video materia
Implement training programs in pilot schools and villages in Yunyang; E Implement training program
Youyang; F Host Lectures for water related units and government agencies of Yunyang County; G H
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towns and villages and farmer representatives in Yunyang County; H Host Lectures for water related
of Youyang County; I Host lectures for major officials of towns and villages and farmer representative
A Compose inception report; B Compose the first draft of the report about water environment and
areas; C Compose interim report; D Compose final report, host wrap-up meeting.
Chart 2 Work Schedules of Program Participants
Month
Date
B
E
F
G
H
I
K
Note: A Specialist in Project Team——Professor Yin Xiguo; B Specialist in Project Team——Professo
in Yunyang County Bureau of Water Resources Finance Bureau Development and Reform Com
Department CDC Women’s Federation; D Government of Jiangkou Town, Yunyang County; E
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Yunyang County; F Yanglu Primary School, Yunyang County; G Government of Nixi Village, Yunyan
Yunyang County; I Water related Units in Youyang County Bureau of Water Resources Finance B
Commission Health Units (Health Department CDC) Women’s Federation; J Government of Lo
Zhigong Primary School, Longtan Town, Youyang County; L Government of Mawang Town, Youya
School, Mawang Town, Youyang County.
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3 Methods for Work and Training
3.1 A Combination of Workshops and Promotion Lectures
Major focuses for this method are water management units which are involved in the reform of
workshops as a working and training method to these units, for that there are certain water speciali
management. The basic direction and possible actions for the reform of water tariff will be lectured on the
3.2 Adopt “point-to-point” and “point-to-area” training methods for women and children
Point-to-point training method will be carried on in primary schools mentioned above. It would pla
meets the demands from women and children for training, but also exposes a large amount of rural
education.
Point-to-area training method will start educating teachers with textbooks, so that they would pay mo
about the protection of water environment, awareness of water tariff and the moderation of water consum
3.3 Give out promotional materials during the local gatherings
Compose promotional materials for local residents in their acceptable forms. And give out the mat
tariff, water environment, safety awareness of drinking water and the moderation of water consuming, i
together, such as the market gatherings, and the meetings in villages.
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Appendix A: An Initial work schedule in some country villages
Time Place Content Personnel Involved
2011.11.4 ● Set out for Yunyang● Project Specialists
Jun)
2011.11.5Jiangkou,Y
unyang
●Degree of water tariff acceptance; the
amount of investment on water
infrastructure ; a survey for water
environment and healthy drinking water
● Residents of the t
● Ying Xiguo, Ya
investigators
2011.11.6
Yanglu,
Yunyang
●Degree of water tariff acceptance; the
amount of investment on water
infrastructure ; a survey for water
environment and healthy drinking water
● Residents of the t
● Ying Xiguo, Ya
investigators
2011.11.7Nixi,
Yunyang
●Degree of water tariff acceptance; the
amount of investment on water
infrastructure ; a survey for water
environment and healthy drinking water
● Residents of the t
● Ying Xiguo, Ya
investigators
2011.11.8 ● Set out for Youyang● Ying Xiguo, Yan
investigators
2011.11.9 Longtan,
Youyang
●Degree of water tariff acceptance; the
amount of investment on water
infrastructure ; a survey for water
● Residents of the t
● Ying Xiguo, Ya
investigators
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environment and healthy drinking water
2011.11.9 Mawang,
Youyang
●
Degree of water tariff acceptance; theamount of investment on water
infrastructure ; a survey for water
environment and healthy drinking water
● Residents of the t
● Ying Xiguo, Ya
investigators
2011.11.1
0 ● Return from Youyang● Project Specialists
Jun)
Visiting schedule for Water Management and Water Conservatory Departments
Time Place Content Personnel Involved
2012.1.8 ● Set out for Yunyang● Project Specialists
Jun)
2012.1.9
Morning
Yunyang
● Conference on water resource
utilization, water environmental
protection and water tariff control with
related organizations and Women
Children Protecting GroupTime: 9:30am-11:30am
●Water conservat
environmental prote
price management
resource charging
health departmentsdepartment and ep
station), women’s fed
specialists (Ying Xigu
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2012.1.9
AfternoonYunyang
Visit related departments on water
resource utilization, water
environmental protection and water tariff
control
Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm
● Water conserva
environmental prote
price management
resource charging
health departments
department and ep
station),Yin Xiguo
Visit the Women’s Federation
Time: 2:00pm-3:00pm
Visit Jiangkou Town, Yunyang
Time: 4:00pm-5:00pm
●Women’s federation
●Jiangkou town officia
2012.1.10Yunyang
Visit Yangxiang Primary school in
Yanglu Village
Time: 9:00am-12:00am
Visit Nixi Primary school in Nixi village
Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm
● Yanglu village o
experimental schools
● Nixi village off
experimental schools
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Visit related departments on water
resource utilization, water
environmental protection and water
price control
Time:9:30am-12:00am
2:00pm-5:00pm
● Water conserva
environmental prote
price management
resource charging
health departments
department and ep
station),Yin Xiguo
2012.1.11 ●Set out for Youyang ● Ying Xiguo, Yangjun
2012.1.12
MorningYouyang
● Conference on water resource
utilization, water environmental
protection and water price control withrelated organizations and Women
Children Protecting Group
Time: 9:30am-11:30am
●Water conservat
environmental prote
price management resource charging
health departments
department and ep
station), women’s fed
specialists (Ying Xigu
2012.1.12 Afternoon
Youyang
Visit related departments on water
resource utilization, water
environmental protection and water price control
Time: 2:00pm-5:00pm
● Water conserva
environmental prote
price management resource charging
health departments
department and ep
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station),Yin Xiguo
Visit the Women’s Federation
Time:2:00pm-3:00pm
● the Women’s Feder
2012.1.13Youyang
Visit Longtan town, Youyang, and the
experimental school
Time:9:00am-12:00am
Visit Mawang Town, Youyang and the
experimental school
Time:2:00pm-5:00pm
● Longtan Town offic
Yang Jun
● Mawang Town
officials, Yang Jun
Visit related departments on water
resource utilization, water
environmental protection and water price control
Time:9:30am-12:00am
● Water conserv
environmental prote
price management resource charging
health departments
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2:00pm-5:00pm department and ep
station),Yin Xiguo
2012.1.14● Return from Youyang ●specialists (Yin Xigu
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Appendix B: Minutes of the Discussions and Meetings
1. Minutes of Meetings in Yunyang Water Conservatory Bureau
On January 9th, 2012, project specialists Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin
Xiguo visited Yunyang Town, where they had a conference with local departments
of resource utilization, water environmental protection, water price control as well
as Women Children Protecting Group. Officials and personnel from Youyang
town’s Finance Bureau, local Development and Reform Commission, Bureau of
Water Conservatory, Bureau of Environmental Protection, and Local Women’s
Federation. Names of people who participated in the conference are listed in
Appendix B.
Zeng Guangke, director of Yunyang Water Conservatory Bureau, first gave
an introduction of drinking water project in experimental villages. The program is
led by local Development and Reform Commission, financially coordinated by the
local Finance Bureau, projected by the local Bureau of Environmental Protection,
and constructed by the project team that led by Water Conservatory Bureau. The
project was first plotted and carried out in Jiangkou, Yanglu and Nixi villages of
Yunyang town in 2006. In 2008, the several feasibility assessments were made
about the project which was finally authorized by Chongqing municipal
government in 2010. In 2011, a loan agreement was signed with the Asian
Development Bank. And in 2012, the project started its tendering procession andwent into implementation stage. Loan from Asian Development Bank takes up
65% of the total project fund and self-raised counter fund takes up 35%. The loan
will be repaid in 2012 and is estimated to be paid off in 20 years.
Li Jingfu, deputy director of Yunyang Development and Reform Commission
introduced some difficulties in real practice, these difficulties mainly lie in following
aspects: (1) the project contains redundant procedures; (2) ADB holds a different
policy in respect of domestic regulations, land policies for example; (3) Urban and
rural area enjoys different amount of drinking water subsidies; (4) self-raised
counter fund often has some difficulty to come to position.
Li Jingwen, deputy director of Yunyang Development and Reform
Commission introduced current condition of water tariff control. Yunyang’s water
tariff is regulated by government and is applied with a ladder pricing mechanism,
in which the price of water floating from 1.2 Yuan per ton to 2.8 Yuan per ton,
which in most cases, the tariff is between 2.0 to 2.5 Yuan per ton. Water supply
system aims to provide water, ensuring its quality and quantity, and break even or
make meager profit.
Chen Baolin, member of Yuanyang women’s federation, introduced the works
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on women and children. Currently, women and children in Yunyang rural areas are
mainly educated of healthy drinking water knowledge through the internet, while
there are also a number of safe drinking program being implemented to ensure
the social security of rural women and children.
2. Munutes of Duscussions in Jiangkou, Yunyang County
In the afternoon of January the 9th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun of the project group
visited Jiangkou, and had a meeting with local government officials Liu Haiyun,
deputy town chief and Song Laiming, director of water conservatory station.
Deputy town chief, Liu Haiyun, gave an overall introduction of Jiangkou’s
water supply project. The introduction is as follows: (1) Jiangkou’s water supply
project is led by Yunyang conservatory bereau, which is designed to satisfy the
town’s need in accordance with its 10-year development plan. The project should
also give prominence to the protection of water ecological system thus ensuring
drinking water is not polluted with all pollutants producing source being prohibited
in the water reserved area. (2) The project is constructed in a nice environment,
and is aiming to tackle people’s real problems in drinking water, and therefore is
supported by local people. (3) The project has helped to better solve some
realistic problems in Jiangkou’s economic development; tackling people’s problem
of not having safe drinking water; ensuring local commodity and industry has a
solid foundation to develop. (4) Touching upon education, the project makes 2 junior schools and 3 primary schools have access to clean drinking water, which
contributes to local educational development. However, there still exist some
problems in implementing the project: local government does not have enough
budgets to meet the demand of water health related training and education.
Residents live near the drinking water source does not have a proper notion to
preserve the water source and need related education. In summary, the project is
currently contributing dramatically to Jiangkou’s economic and social development,
which is strongly supported by local government.
Then Prof. Yang Jun and deputy town chief Liu Haiyun exchanged their
insights on the following issues:
1) Specific work that should be done by the government is as follows: dump
sites for household garbage should avoid water distribution points, which
should be regularly checked. The village-based cadres, village cadres,
should work with the village party branch committee and the village
committee to launch trainings about water and health for the public.
2) Government’s publicity approaches include holding meetings (at the level
of the government or communities), and handing out brochures and
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leaflets.
3) Government guarantees the social security for the fiscally disadvantaged
people through enacting minimum living standard security system and
implementing poverty reduction plans. The current subsistence
allowance for urban residents is 290 Yuan RMB every month, and for
rural residents it is 1,800 Yuan RMB every year, 840 Yuan RMB per year
per capita. Now, the poverty alleviation projects are various. For example,
initiating the Plan of Income Increase by 10,000 Yuan, implementing
infrastructure construction in the rural areas, providing comforts and relief
aids to the public, and supporting house renovations of impoverished
people.
4) As to left-behind children, charity activities such as “hand in hand” and
“love and care outreach” should be frequently held for them under the
initiation of the government and the organization of schools.
Song Laiming, the head of the water conservatory station in Jiangkou town,
briefed on the construction of water supply facilities. At the first phase, priorities
have been given to the installment of the pipelines and water plant with an
investment of over 9 million Yuan RMB. After completion, the plant can supply
5,000 tons of water a day. The phase II construction, with a daily water supply of
3,000 tons, will be funded by the loans offered by Asian Development Bank (ADB).
After the talks, Prof. Yang Jun, deputy town chief Liu Haiyun, together withSong Laiming, head of the water conservatory station visited the waterworks and
water distribution points in Jiangkou town.
3 Minutes of interviews in Yanglu Village and Nixi Village in Yunyang
County
In October 10th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialist in project
team, held talks with people from the local government and a pilot primary school
in Yanglu Village and Nixiang Village of Yunyang County, respectively.
Li Bin, the schoolmaster of Yanglu primary school in Yanglu Village, gave a
specific introduction of the school. There are 36 teachers, 698 pupils and 121
kindergarten pupils, while four village schools under Yanglu Village have 13
teachers and 211 pupils. Courses concerning the project offered in Yanglu primary
school are social practices, environmental protection and etiquette.
A brief introduction to Yanglu Village Project: this project covers an area of 14
to 15 km2, one third of the village. Water price in Yanglu village is 2.5 Yuan a ton,
which is affordable for the residents. However, difficulties are now slowing down
the project.
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A brief introduction of the Nixi primay school in Nixi village: there are 40
teacher responsible for 751 pupils and 134 of them are kindergarten pupils. As to
350- odd boarders, advisors will assist them with their life at school. The courses
concerning water and health include health education and social studies.
Problems, such as students’ ignorance about personal hygiene and lack of
awareness of water conservation, get in the way of popularizing knowledge about
water and health.
Water tariff in Nixi village is 3 Yuan per ton that the residents can afford. The
project works out slowly due to its complex procedures.
4. Minutes of meetings in Finance Bureau of Youyang county
In October 12th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialists of the
project, held talks with personnnel from the Water Supply Department, the
Finance Bureau, the Development and Reform Committee, the Environmental
Protection Bureau, the Centers for Disease Control and the Women's Federation
of Youyang county.
Mr Tian, the head of Water Supply Department outlined the general situation
of Youyang County Project and major problems in this process. In spite of the
smooth progress, some obstacles arise. The regulations of Asian Development
Bank on land acquisition and occupation are not the same with China’s domestic
policies; the time- table of Asian Development Bank is rather complicated; andmisunderstandings in the negotiations postpone the project.
Currently, the water tariff in Youyang is 1.5 Yuan per ton. Departments related
to water supply enable poverty-stricken families to pay water bill through deferring
or reducing their payment. Such a measure accords with the principles of the
Asian Development Bank.
Aiming at meeting the requirements of the ADB Project, training courses have
been provided for staffs of Finance Bureau and Youyang Development and
Reform Commission, and the IUs. The major training focuses on procurement and
reimbursement procedure.
The head of Health Bureau introduced the role of his bureau plays in the
implementation of the project. Health education programs carried out by the
county Health Bureau have made great achievements. The public awareness of
clean water and hygiene has been improved. They become more willing to
participate in environmental protection activities. Water pollution has been cut in
the rural areas after restructuring the toilets. ADB funded the publicity of health
education and water monitoring.
The director of the county Environmental Protection Bureau believes that the
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ADB Project model is suitable to extend across China. The Asian Development
Bank pays great attention to water monitoring and follow-up monitoring. Its
excellent managerial practice deserves our learning.
The head of the Women's Federation introduced its operations. Firstly, the
Women's Federation organizes activities to protect women’s rights to clean water;
secondly, it stages publicity activities to highlight the importance of clean water
and improve women’s awareness; thirdly, it advocates the Asian Development
Bank to set up a special fund for health education programs geared toward Asian
women.
5. Minutes of meetings in Longtan town and Mawang town in Youyang
County
In October 12th, 2012, Prof. Yang Jun and Prof. Yin Xiguo, specialists of the
project, held talks with personnel from the local government and the head of pilot
schools.
According to the estimation of the Asian Development Bank, investment into
water supply components for Longtan town and Mawang town amounts to 76
million and 93 million Yuan RMB, respectively. The smooth progress of the
programs has won the praises of the public. The local economy and society have
been undergoing fast development. To meet the expanding economic and social
development, the ADB Project will reach larger areas. A brief introduction of Pingqiao primary school in Mawang town: the school
sets up six classes accommodating 272 students with 13 teachers available. The
school enhances pupils’ awareness of clean water by lecturing, organizing school
gatherings, encouraging students to organize relevant activities themselves, etc.
However, the hardware facilities are insufficient and there leaves much to improve
in training teachers. Those are major problems facing the school.
Appendix C Contact Sheet
1. Contact sheet for team members
NAME WORK UNIT TITLE/POSITIONPHONE
NUMBER
Yin XiguoChongqing
UniversityProfessor 13527555589
Yang Jun
Chongqing
Technology and
Business University
Professor 13637846989
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Deng Tao
Chongqing
Academy of Social
Sciences
Director 18983218888
He Jiaxiao
Chongqing
Academy of Social
Sciences
Assistant to theDirector
13272602505
2. Contact sheet for research analysts in Yunyang County
NAME WORK UNITTITLE/POSI
TION
PHONE
NUMBER
Fu
Quansheng
Yunyang Environmental
Protection Bureau
Chief of
Office15923842789
Huang
Guomin
Yunyang Environmental
Protection Bureau
Chief of
Office 13694809655
Xiang HaoYunyang Water Supply
Department
Chief of
Office13594852345
Liu Xin
Centers for Disease
Control of Yunyang
County
Deputy
Director 13452736920
Zeng Guang Yunyang Jin’an Company 15870558359
Wang Anding
Yunyang Finance Bureau DeputyDirector
15870519567
Zhao Zhixia Yunyang Finance Bureau 15123551081
Chen BaolinYunyang Women's
Federation
Cadre of
Office13452524533
Li JingwenYunyang Development
and Reform Committee
Deputy
Director 13038381163
Deng BaitaoYunyang Development
and Reform Committee
Chief of
Office13635383765
Liu Haiyun
Local Government of
Jiangkou Town of
Yunyang County
Deputy
Town
Chief
13896285085
Song
Laiming
Water Conservatory
Station of Jiangkou
Town in Yunyang County
Master of
the Station13098656123
Zhai
Zhongchuan
Local Government of
Yanglu Village of Yunyang County
Deputy
townshiphead
13996618939
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Li Bin
Yanglu Primary School of
Yanglu Village of
Yunyang County
Head
Master 023-55646066
3. Contact sheet for research analysts in Youyang County
NAME WORK UNITTITLE/POSI
TION
PHONE
NUMBER
Tian FangliYouyang Water Supply
Department
Deputy
Director 13896480166
Li Feng Youyang Health Bureau
Deputy
Chief of
Health office
023-7555206
5
Zhao
Changyuan
Youyang Development
and Reform Committee
Principal
Staff
Member
13896440881
Wu YingYouyang Women's
Federation
Vice
Chair-perso
n
13896405620
He ShouqiYouyang Environmental
Protection Bureau
Captain of
the
Supervision
Brigade
13896865789
Long Bo
Centers for Disease
Control of Youyang
County
Director of
Health
Office
13594386897
Wang Jiafeng Youyang Finance Bureau
Staff of
Administrati
ve Bureauof
Stateowned
Property
13709492600
Shi Quan
Local Government of
Longtan Town of
Youyang County
Deputy
Town Chief 13594928917
Xiao Guang
Zhidong Primary School
of Longtan Town of
Youyang County
Headmaster 13648201900
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Wu Guang
Local Government of
Mawang Town of
Youyang County
Secretary of
the Party
Committee
13709486899
Zhang Hailou
Local Government of
Mawang town of
Youyang County
Director of
Agricultural
Centre
13452211816
Yang
Yinghong
Pingqiao Village of
Mawang Town of
Youyang County
Village
Director 13114048168
He Xianfeng
Pingqiao Primary School
of Mawang Town of
Youyang County
Director of
Teaching
and
Discipline
13132312389
Appendix D: List of Research Analysts
Yunyang county, Chongqing.
Finance Bureau, Yunyang County:
Wang Anding,Deputy Director
Huang Guomin,Chief of Office
Zhao Zhixia
Development and Reform Committee, Yunyang County:
Li Jingwen,Deputy Director
Deng Baitao,Chief of Office
Environmental Protection Bureau, Yunyang County:
Fu Quansheng, Chief of Office
Water Supply Department, Yunyang County:
Xiang Ha, Chief of Office
Centers for Disease Control, Yunyang County:
Liu Xin, Deputy Director
Women's Federation, Yunyang County:
Chen Baolin
Local government of Jiangkou Town, Yunyang County:
Liu Haiyun, Deputy Town Chief
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Water Conservatory Station, Yunyang County:
Song Laiming, Master of the Station
Jin’an Company, Yunyang County :
Zeng Guang
Youyang county, Chongqing
Water Supply Department, Youyang county:
Tian Fangli, Deputy Director
Finance Bureau, Youyang county:
Wang Jiafeng, Staff of Administrative Bureau of State-owned Property
Development and Reform Committee, Youyang county:
Zhao Changyuan,Principal Staff Member
Environmental Protection Bureau, Youyang county:
He Shouqi,Captain of the Supervision Brigade
Centers for Disease Control, Youyang county:
Long Bo, Director of Health Office
Women's Federation, Youyang county:
Wu Ying, Vice Chair-person
Health Bureau, Youyang county:
Li Feng, Deputy Chief of Health office
Local government of Longtan Town, Youyang county:
Shi Quan, Deputy Town Chief
Zhidong Primary School of Longtan Town, Youyang county:
Xiao Guang, Headmaster
Local government of Mawang Town, Youyang county:
Wu Gang, Secretary of the Party Committee
Zhang Hailou,Director of Agricultural Centre
Pingqiao Village of Mawang Town, Youyang county:
Yang Yinghong, Village Director
Pingqiao Primary School of Mawang Town, Youyang county:
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He Xianfeng, Director of Teaching and Discipline