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An Introduction to English Pragmatics.References - required:Thomas, J. (1995) Meaning in Interaction. Longman.Yule, . (199!) "ragmatics, #$%or& 'niersit "ress.Additional*+riel, M. (2010) e%ining "ragmatics, amri&ge./ron, "., .. Leinson (193) "oliteness. ome uniersals in language

use, amri&ge 'niersit "ress.ruse, +. (200!) + lossar o% emantics an& "ragmatics, 4&inurgh '".reen, . M. (1939) "ragmatics an& atural Language 'n&erstan&ing, L4+.

run&, ". (1995) oing "ragmatics, +rnol&.6orn, L.7., . 8ar& (e&s) (200) The 6an&oo: o% "ragmatics, /lac:ell.6uang, Y. (200) "ragmatics, #$%or& 'niersit "ress.Leech, . (193;) "rinci

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+ssessment* atten&ance an& course or:, oral

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"ragmatics is the stu& o% the ailit o% language users to

!$ "uang(200, )* 4"4"5 Two main schools of in pragmatics6/nglo7/merican &ersus 2uropean *ontinental" """ 8ithin the%ormer conce

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6e remoes his mu&& shoes an& soc:s an& care%ull i

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seen to e (amongst other things) a turn-hol&ing &eice (seeha

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0;-20121. om

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0;-20124IEI (an& ana

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0;-2012s&atial 8s&ace? dei=is concerns the enco&ing o% s

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0;-201215. 8hich e$

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0;-2012

12

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0-2012S&eech Act Theor% (Teorie mlun\ch a:t]) attri(uted tothe #$%or&

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0-2012ith no Cuestion eing

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0-2012 (iii) 8ho cares` (i) 6ae a nice ee:en&`

onentional im

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0-20120$ Con,entional im&licature* an a&&itional unstate& meaning associate& ith the use o% a s

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0-2012

entailment" and 7non6natural8 meaning implicature". 9louting a maxim is a particularly salientway of getting an addressee to draw an inference. Thus there is a trade6off between abiding bymaxims the prototypical way of conducting a conversation" and flouting maxims the prototypicalway of conveying implicit meanings"3.

Generalised vs particularised conversational implicatures + &istinctioncan e &ran eteen to t

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0-2012

Mother* omehere aroun&.

+ (stan&ing not %ar %rom a cloc:)* 8hatDs the timeB/* 8ell, accor&ing to this cloc: itDs a Cuarter to %our.

+ to / (on returning to their car an& %in&ing it heel-clam

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0-2012

on-conentional im

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0-2012

entailment" and 7non6natural8 meaning implicature". 9louting a maxim is a particularly salientway of getting an addressee to draw an inference. Thus there is a trade6off between abiding bymaxims the prototypical way of conducting a conversation" and flouting maxims the prototypicalway of conveying implicit meanings"3.

Generalised vs particularised conversational implicatures + &istinctioncan e &ran eteen to t

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0-2012

Mother* omehere aroun&.

+ (stan&ing not %ar %rom a cloc:)* 8hatDs the timeB/* 8ell, accor&ing to this cloc: itDs a Cuarter to %our.

+ to / (on returning to their car an& %in&ing it heel-clam

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0-2012

#utsi&e a secon&-han& sho

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09-2012*?he had three children, right+* Bes"*!ow many were boys+*Kone"*Were there any girls*!ow was your first marriage terminated+*y death"*/nd by whose death was it terminated*-o you recall the time that you examined the body+* The autopsy started around E65H p"m"*/nd .r -ennington was dead at the time+.Ko, you dummy, he was sitting on the table wondering why 0 was doing an autopsy"*/ll your responses must be oral, 'R What school did you go to

/6 'ral"S6 /re you 8ualified to gi&e a urine sample

/6 0 ha&e been since early childhood"

on-o(ser,ance of the .a=ims

P$ #rund% (oing "ragmatics, +rnol&, 1995,

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09-2012rice im&licit meaning - con,ersational im&licature- is generate& (an& inter

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09-2012

29

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10-2012

The &rinci&al a&&roaches to &oliteness(see "iiconi)*(1) The "re-

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10-2012

ro'n K e,inson: egati,e &oliteness

Hegatie

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10-2012

$ Decide 'hether the follo'ing utterances are oriented to the &ositi,e or the negati,e face of the addressee and 'h% *1. ot the time mateBG" %esidents wishing to drink after 4H"5H p"m" must produce

their room key or residents card" (?ign displayed in thebar at the %oyal ?tation !otel, Kewcastle)

5" *ould 0 3ust borrow a tiny bit of paper

. 8ait a sec, IDll e right ith ou5. >rien&s alas share` (a%% uc: to get lester the

at to s house and S 'ould li)e him to &ar) else'hereL identif% the &oliteness strategies re&resented (% each of theseutterances*

* IDm sorr to as:, ut coul& ou

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11-2012

ro'n K e,inson:Off-Record Politeness Strategies(

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11-2012

The "oliteness "rinci