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Practice writing the test essay “Compare and contrast operant and classical conditioning in five areas.” 1. Take out a sheet of paper 2. You need your book today: Use page 339 in the textbook 3. Write using your own words.

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Page 1: Practice writing the test essay - deforest.k12.wi.us to answer the chapter 8... · Practice writing the test essay ... • Answers in red. ... 5 6 7 , ˚ ˙ , ˙

Practice writing the test essay“Compare and contrast operant and classical conditioning in five areas.”

1. Take out a sheet of paper2. You need your book today: Use

page 339 in the textbook3. Write using your own words.

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Exchange papers

• Peer edit their paper.• Check to see if they have the needed terms

and concepts.• If they don’t add them.• If they do give them a plus sign (+)• Answers in red

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Essay note

• You won’t be able to use your notes or book on Monday’s test.

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Remembering the five categories

• B• R• A• C• E

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B

• Biological predispositions

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John Garcia’s research, 322

• Biological predispositions• John Garcia: animals can learn to avoid

a drink that will make them sick, but not when its announced by a noise or a light;

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arcia

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Human example

• We more easily are classically conditioned to fear snakes or spiders, rather than flowers.

• Why? Animals are more of a harm to our biological systems than flowers.

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Operant biological predispositions

• Animals learn behaviors that are similar to what they naturally do based on their instincts;

• or• if it’s unnatural for them they will drift back to

natural behaviors based on their instincts

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Operant conditioning and pigs

• The Brelands trained a pig to pick up coins with their mouth.

• They reverted to dropping the coin and pushing it with their snout.

• Shows the biological limitations of operant conditioning.

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Another example

• You couldn’t use operant conditioningwith food to train a hamster to wash their face.

• They don’t associate washing with food.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hamster.jpg/626px-Hamster.jpg

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R

• Response

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Responses

• For classical, the organism responded involuntarily to a stimulus;

• or it’s automatic

• For operant, the organism acts on their environment, so the response is voluntary. Then a consequence occurs.

• Or operates on the environment

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A

• Acquisition (learning)

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Classical conditioning acquisition

Rover learns that two stimuli are associated. The tone and the presentation of food.

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Acquisition for operant conditioning

Behavior+

Consequences=

AcquisitionAssociating a behavior or

response with a consequence (reinforcer or punisher)

Behavior: Pushingvending machine button

Consequence: Receiving a candy bar

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C

• Cognitive processes

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Cognitive processes affect conditioning, 321

• Rescorla and Wagner (1972) found that animals learn to “expect” an unconditioned stimulus;

• this shows cognition at work: the animal learns the predictability of a second associated event after the first

• When humans learn to expect one thing in association with the presentation of another this shows that cognitive processes are also at work.

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Operant and cognitive processes

• They develop the expectation that behaviors lead to certain consequences (reinforced or punished in some way)

• Or • Latent learning---learning that is not obvious--

-occurs, without any reinforcement being given

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E

• Extinction

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Operant conditioning extinction

• When a response is no longer reinforced

• Responding drops off when the reinforcer is no longer given

• So, if she keeps putting money in the machine and no more candy comes out she will stop the behavior

http://www.pacificcoastvending.net/images/combo_snack_and_pop_vending_machine_53_k0j1.jpg