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RegentsChemistry:Mr.Palermo

PracticePacketUnit8:Gases

Vocabulary:_______________Lesson1:__________________Lesson2:__________________Lesson3:__________________StudyGuide:______________

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Vocabulary

Foreachword,provideashortbutspecificdefinitionfromYOUROWNBRAIN!Noboringtextbookdefinitions.Writesomethingtohelpyouremembertheword.Explainthewordasifyouwereexplainingittoanelementaryschoolstudent.Giveanexampleifyoucan.Don’tusethewordsgiveninyourdefinition!

KineticMolecularTheory:____________________________________________________________________

Pressure:__________________________________________________________________________________

Volume:___________________________________________________________________________________

Temperature:______________________________________________________________________________

Boyle’sLaw:_______________________________________________________________________________

Charles’sLaw:______________________________________________________________________________

Gay-Lussac’sLaw:___________________________________________________________________________

CombinedGasLaw:_________________________________________________________________________

Graham’sLaw:_____________________________________________________________________________

Dalton’sLaw:______________________________________________________________________________

Avogadro’sLaw:____________________________________________________________________________

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REGENTSPRACTICE

LESSON1:KINETICMOLECULARTHEORY:IDEALVSREALGASES

KMTisthestudyofhowidealor_____________gasesbehave.Realgasesbehavemostlikeidealgases

under________pressureand________temperature.Tohelpyourememberusetheacronym___________

1. HowcanyougetarealgastobehavetheLEASTlikeanidealgas(minimizeattractionbetween

particles)?

2. Ofthefollowing:H2,He,CO2,whichwouldbehaveleastlikeandidealgasandwhy?

3. Whichofthegasesinquestion2behavesthemostlikeidealgases/Why?

4. Whydogasesbehavetheleastlikeidealgasesatlowtemperaturesandhighpressures?

1. Twobasicpropertiesofthegasphaseare(1) adefiniteshapeandadefinitevolume (3)nodefiniteshapebutadefinitevolume(2) adefiniteshapebutnodefinitevolume (4)nodefiniteshapeandnodefinitevolume

2. Accordingtothekineticmoleculartheory,themoleculesofanidealgas

(1)haveastrongattractionforeachother (3)moveinrandom,constant,straight-linemotion(2)havesignificantvolume (4)arecloselypackedinaregularrepeatingpattern

Objective:• Differentiatebetweenidealandrealgases• Determinetheconditionswhichrealgasesbehavemostlikeidealgases

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3. Accordingtothekineticmoleculartheory,whichassumptioniscorrect?(1) Gasparticlesstronglyattracteachother.(2) Gasparticlestravelincurvedpaths.(3) Thevolumeofgasparticlespreventsrandommotion.(4) Energymaybetransferredbetweencollidingparticles.

4. Heliumismostlikelytobehaveasanidealgaswhenitisunder (1)highpressureandhightemperature (3)lowpressureandhightemperature (2)highpressureandlowtemperature (4)lowpressureandlowtemperature

5. Underwhichconditionsoftemperatureandpressuredoesoxygengasbehaveleastlikeanidealgas? (1)lowtemperatureandlowpressure (3)hightemperatureandlowpressure (2)lowtemperatureandhighpressure (4)hightemperatureandhighpressure

6. Underwhichconditionsoftemperatureandpressurewouldarealgasbehavemostlikeanidealgas? (1)200.Kand50.0kPa (3)600.Kand50.0kPa (2)200.Kand200.0kPa (4)600.Kand200.0kPa11.WhichlistofthephasesofH2Oisarrangedinorderofincreasingentropy?

(1)ice,steam,andliquidwater (3)steam,liquidwater,andice(2)ice,liquidwater,andsteam (4)steam,ice,andliquidwater

12. Convert345kPatoatmusingtableA

13. Underwhichconditionsoftemperatureandpressuredoesoxygengasbehavemostlikeanidealgas? (1)lowtemperatureandlowpressure (3)hightemperatureandlowpressure (2)lowtemperatureandhighpressure (4)hightemperatureandhighpressure

14. DrawaparticlemodelforH2O(l)andH2O(g)intheboxesbelow.Whichsubstancehasagreaterentropyandwhy?

Liquid gas

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LESSON2:GASLAWS

FILLINTHEBLANKSWITHINCREASE(S)ORDECREASE(S).

Boyle’sLawrelatespressureandvolume.Whenpressureisincreasedonagasatconstant

temperature,thevolume_____________________.Thisisanindirectrelationship.

Drawthegraph

1. Pilotssufferfromintestinalpainwhentheyflybecauseathigheraltitudes,thepressureis

decreasedsotheairvolumeintheirbodyincreases/decreases_______________________.

2. Yourlungssuckinairwhenthediaphragmisenlarged.Whenthediaphragmopens,thelung

expands,thevolumeincreases/decreases_______________andthepressureincreases/decreases

________________whichallowsairin.Whenthediaphragmcollapsed,thereislessroomsothe

volumeincreases/decreases___________andthepressureincreases/decreases_____________.

3. Whydoyouearspoponanairplane?(Hint:theairpressuredecreasesathighaltitudes.)Explain

intermsofpressureandvolume.

Charles’Lawrelatesvolumeandtemperature.Whentemperatureisincreasedonagasat

constantpressure,thevolume_____________________.Thisisadirectrelationship.

Drawthegraph

4. HotairballoonsworkbasedondensitychangesaffectedbyCharleslaw.Torise,thetemperature

isincreased/decreased__________________andthevolumeincreases/decreases____________________to

makethedensitylower.Tocomebackdownthefireisturnedoffsothetemperature

Objective:• Determinetherelationshipbetweenpressure,temperatureandvolume• ComparedifferentgasesinreferencetoAvagadro’slaw

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increases/decreases_______________andvolumeincreases/decreases________________sothedensity

increases.Theballoonisalwaysinflatedsothepressureisrelativelyconstant.

5. Aballoonoutsideinthewinterseemstodeflatebutinsideitre-inflates,howeverthenumberof

gasmoleculesstaysconstant.Howdoesthathappen?Explainintermsofvolumeand

temperature.

GayLussac’sLawrelatespressureandtemperature.Whentemperatureisincreasedonagasat

constantvolume(inarigidcontainer),thepressure______________becausethegasmoleculesmove

more.Thisisadirectrelationship.

Drawthegraph

6. Driversneedtochecktheairpressureontheirtiresduringchangeofseasons.Inthewinterthe

temperaturesaredecreased,thepressureinsidethetiresishigher/lower____________________and

thetiresareflat.Inthesummer,temperaturesareincreasedandpressuresarehigher/lower

__________________sothetiresareswollen,butthevolumethetiresaircanoccupystaysthesame.

7. Don’tputaerosolspraycansindirectheatorflamesbecausetheyexplode.Explainthis

phenomenonintermsofpressureandtemperature.

8. Ifthetemperatureofasubstanceincreases,whathappenstoitsvolume?Pressure?Explain.

9. Drawamodelofthisusingparticlediagrams.

10. Ifaballoonissqueezed,whathappenstoitspressure?Explain.

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REGENTSPRACTICE

11. Makeamodelofwhatisoccurringinquestion10.Drawsixairparticlesineach. Before squeezing During squeezing

1. WhichsampleatSTPhasthesamenumberofmoleculesas5litersofNO2(g)atSTP?(1)5gramsofH2(g) (3)5molesofO2(g)(2)5litersofCH4(g) (4)5x1023moleculesofCO2(g)

2. Atthesametemperatureandpressure,1.0literofCO(g)and1.0literofCO2(g)have(1)Equalvolumesandthesamenumberofmolecules(2)Equalmassesandthesamenumberofmolecules(3)Differentmassesandadifferentnumberofmolecules(4)Differentvolumesandadifferentnumberofmolecules

3. Thetablebelowshowsdataforthetemperature,pressure,andvolumeoffourgassamples.

Whichtwogassampleshavethesametotalnumberofmolecules?(1) AandB (2)AandC (3)BandC (4)BandD

14.AtSTP,whichgasdiffusesatthefasterrate? a)H2 b)N2 c)CO2 d)NH3

15. Atthesametemperatureandpressure,whichsamplecontainsthesamenumberofmolesofparticlesas1literofO2(g)?(1)1LNe(g) (2)0.5LSO2(g) (3)2LO2(g) (4)1LofH2O(l)

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LESSON3:COMBINEDGASLAWRemembertheconstantcanbecrossedoutintheequation.Youshouldhavethreenumbersandonex.Ifnothingisconstantthanusethefullcombinedgaslawequation.1. Ifthetemperatureofa50mLsampleofagasischangedfrom200Kto400Kunderconstantpressure,

whatisthenewvolumeofthegas?2. Thevolumeofagasis204mLwhenthepressureis925kPa.Atconstanttemperature,whatisthefinal

pressureifthevolumeincreasesto306ml?3. Aballoonhasavolumeof1.75Latatemperatureof298K.Whatwillbethevolumeoftheballoonif

youtakeitoutintothewintercoldairat258K?Assumepressureisconstant.4. Anaerosolspraycanwithavolumeof456mLcontains3.18gofpropanegasasapropellant.Ifthecan

isat23C,and50atm,whatvolumewouldthepropaneoccupyatSTP?

5. Diversget“thebends”iftheycomeuptoofastbecausegasintheirbloodexpands,formingbubblesintheirblood.Ifadiverhas5.0mLofgasinhisbloodunderapressureof250.atm,thenrisesinstantaneouslytoadepthwherehisbloodhasapressureof50.0atm,whatwillthevolumeofgasinhisbloodbe?

Objective:• Solvegaslawproblemsusingthecombinedgaslawequation• ConvertfromCelsiustemperaturestoKelvin• Convertbetweenpressureunits(atmandkPa)

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REGENTSPRACTICE

6. Agashasavolumeof2.00Lat323Kand3.00atm.Whatwillbethenewvolumeifthetemperatureischangedto273Kandthepressureischangedto1atm?

7. AgasatSTPhasavolumeof1.00L.Ifthepressureisdoubledandthetemperatureremainsconstant,whatisthenewvolumeofthegas?

8. A2.5LsampleofgasisatSTP.Whenthetemperatureisraisedto373°Candthepressureremainsconstantwhatwillthenewvolumeofthegasbe?

1. Asampleofgasisheldatconstantpressure.Increasingthekelvintemperatureofthisgassample

causestheaveragekineticenergyofitsmoleculestoa. decreaseandthevolumeofthegassampletodecreaseb. decreaseandthevolumeofthegassampletoincreasec. increaseandthevolumeofthegassampletodecreased. increaseandthevolumeofthegassampletoincrease

2. Airbagsareanimportantsafetyfeatureinmodernautomobiles.AnairbagisinflatedinmillisecondsbytheexplosivedecompositionofNaN3(s).ThedecompositionreactionproducesN2(g),aswellasNa(s),accordingtotheunbalancedequationbelow. ___NaN3(s)→___Na(s)+___N2(g)a.) Balancetheaboveequationusingthesmallestwhole-numbercoefficients.

b.) Whentheairbaginflates,thenitrogengasisatapressureof1.30atmospheres,a

temperatureof301K,andhasavolumeof40.0liters.CalculatethevolumeofthenitrogengasatSTP.

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3. Arigidcylinderisfittedwithamovablepiston.Thecylindercontainsasampleofheliumgas,He(g),whichhasaninitialvolumeof125.0millilitersandaninitialpressureof1.0atmosphere,asshownbelow.Thetemperatureoftheheliumgassampleis20.0°C.

a.) Expresstheinitialvolumeoftheheliumgassample,inliters.

b.) Thepistonispushedfurtherintothecylinder.Showacorrectnumericalsetupforcalculatingthevolumeoftheheliumgasthatisanticipatedwhenthereadingonthepressuregaugeis1.5atmospheres.Thetemperatureoftheheliumgasremainsconstant.

c.) Heliumgasisremovedfromthecylinderandasampleofnitrogengas,N2(g),isaddedtothecylinder.Thenitrogengashasavolumeof125.0millilitersandapressureof1.0atmosphereat20.0°C.Comparethenumberofparticlesinthisnitrogengassampletothenumberofparticlesintheoriginalheliumgassample.

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StudyGuideKineticMolecularTheoryGasesarespreadoutandconstantlymovinginrandomstraightlinemotion.Idealgaseshavenomass,novolume,andnoattractiveforces.

a. Giveanexampleofthemostidealgasontheperiodictable:_____________

b. Underwhatconditionsoftemperatureandpressurewillagasbehaveideally?_________________ c. DrawfiveparticlesofHeinthegasphase:

CombinedGasLawVolumeistheamountofspaceasubstancetakesup.Pressureistheamountofforcethatsubstancehasonanotherobjectmeasuredinatmospheresorkilopascals.TemperatureisthemeasureofkineticenergyasamplehasmeasuredindegreesCelsiusorKelvin.StandardtemperatureandpressuresarelistedonTableA.ThecalculationformulaisontableT.

a. Whatarethepossiblevaluesforstandardtemperature?_____________and_______________

b. Whatarethepossiblevaluesforstandardpressure?_____________and_______________

c. Whenpressureincreases,volume____________________.

d. Whenpressureincreases,temperature_______________________.

e. Whentemperatureincreases,volume____________________.

f. Thepressureofagasis1.2atmat300K.Calculatethepressureat250Kifthegasisinarigidcontainer.

g. Thevolumeofagasat500Kis50.6L.Calculatethevolumeat750K.

h. A1.5Lsampleofagasat150kPaand250KischangedtoSTP.Whatisthenewvolume?

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i. Sketchgraphstorepresentthefollowingrelationships:

1) Pressureandvolume

2) Pressureandtemperature

3) VolumeandtemperatureAvogadro’sLawstatesthattwodifferentgasesatthesametemperature,pressureandvolumemusthavethesamenumberofmolecules.(Moleculesalsocouldmeanmoles.Notthesameatomsorgrams!)

a. Whichsamplewouldhavethesamenumberofmoleculesas11.2LofHe(g)at273Kand202kPa?1) 11.2LofN2(g)at300Kand202kPa2) 22.4LofNe(g)at546Kand404K3) 11.2LofCH4(g)at273Kand202kPa

b. Atwhatvolumewill22.4LofO2(g)at303Kand1.2atmhavethesamenumberofmoleculesas

Neongasat303Kand1.2atm?_________________GrahamsLawstatesthatlightgasesdiffusethefastest.Diffusemeanstospreadoutandtravel.

a. Whichgasontheperiodictablediffusesthefastest?_______________