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BRIEF COURSE IN

ISAAC PITMAN SHORTHAND

BRIEF COURSE IN

ISA AC PITMAN

SHORTHAND

An Exposition Of the Author’s System

OfPhonography Arranged in

TWENTY - SEVEN LESSONS

NEW YORKISAAC PITMAN 8: SONS, THE PHONOGRAPHIC DEPOT

2 WEST 4 5TH STREET

AND AT LONDON , BATH, AND MELBOURNE

COPYRIGHT, 1914 , RY ISAAC PrrMAN dz SONS

THIS NEW AND REVISED EDITION or ISAAC

PITMAN’S SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND IS THE

ENCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT OF ISAAC PrTMAN

SONS, IN THE UNITED STATES OEAMERICA ANDTHE BRITISHEMPIRE , AS wELL AS IN ALL COUNTRIES INCLUDED IN THE BERNE CONVENTION,AND IT WILL BE AN INPRINCEMENT or SUCHCOPYRIGHT Ir MATTER PROM IT BE REPRODUCEDIN ANY PUBLICATION WITHOUT WRITTEN PER

MISSION.

THE DEVICEWHICH APPEARS ONTHE COVERANDTHE FACSIMILE SIGNATURE ARE THE SUBJECTor PROTECTION UNDER THE TRADE MARKLAWS or THE UNITED STATES or AMERICA ANDTHE BRITISH EMPIRE .

Printed byJ.J. Little Ives Co.

New York City

PREFACE

HE “BriefCourse” has been planned to meet the demands Of the evening school student and teacher Of

shorthand. The former presents many interestingand difficult problems . First : he is Ofa studious and am

bitions turn Of mind. Secondly : he seeks the subject forsome special reason. Thirdly : this incentive keeps him

buoyed up to the highest pitch of endeavor. Fourthly:

unless he notes progress , however Slight, at each ses sion, he

soon loses interest in the subject and drops it altogether.

Las tly: he presents to the instructor the most difficult Of

teaching problems , since, in a great majority of instances,

he comes to school unprepared for the evening’s work.

Coming from a day’s labor permitting ofvery little or no

preparation, he brings to his nightly studies amind by no

means the most impressionable or pliant. It requires a

teacher of keen sympathy and considerable magnetism to

vitalize the evening’s task, to crystallize it into such form

that even the tiredmindmay become energized sufficiently

to cull the maximum ofprofit from the combined efforts Of

teacher and student.

To enable the instructor and pupil to attain this deside

ratum, the following features of the Brief Course have

been introduced :

1 In several instances , explanations Of principles have

been amplified, and, it is hoped , simplified.

2. The exercises illustrative Of each principle have been

considerably shortened. This will permit ofa more inten

sive study of the principle underdiscussion. For further

275 05 6

Ivi PREFACE .

practice or dictationmatter the ShorthandWritingExer

cises and Examination Tes ts ” is indispensable.

3 . A number Of topics, such as Upward and Downward

L and R,PTefixes , Suffixes ,

Figures , etc ., are introduced as

early in the work as was thought to be compatible with the

pupil’s knowledge Ofthe subject. One prefix and one suffix

are studied with the Halving Principle ; another prefix and

another suffix are studied with the next topic . This is con

tinned until all have been taken up . Thus , not only are

the principles learned more rapidly, but a wider choice Of

dictation matter is insured.

4 . Shorthand reading exercises and bus iness letters in

longhand are introduced as a stepping- stone to the develop

ment of speed. In this connection the use Of“Practice

Letters for Beginners in Shorthand will prove highly us e

in].

A rapid mastery Of the principles Of the Isaac Pitman

system OfPhonography without any sacrifice Of thorough

ness is the aim Of this work. Though intended primarily

for use in the evening schools where such exacting condi

tions exist, it is sincerely hoped that other classes Of stu

dents will find their inspiration to successful attainment in

this“Brief Course .

”

The publishers desire to express their appreciation for

the new features and devices and all deviations from the

original Course”in subject matter and exercises , to Mr.

Arthur M. Sugarman, Chairman of the Department Of

Stenography and Typewriting at the Bay Ridge High

School, New York.

CONTENTS

LESSON

1.

w

w

u

u

u

u

u

u

u

u

u

u

z-

P

so

sw

s

sn

sn

e

ss

so

r

s:

Consonants and Second- Place Long Vowels

Consonants and First- Place Long Vowels

Consonants and Third- Place LongVowels

Short Vowels

Diphthongs and Phraseograms

Circle S and Z

LOOps ST andSTR

Circles SWandSS, Circle S and StrokeS

Initial Hooks to StraightStrokes and Curves

Circles and Loops prefixed to InitialHooks

Circles and Loops added toFinalHooks

Shun Hook

Shun Hook (cOncluded)

Compound Consonants

Tick and DotH

Review OfUpward andDownwardL andR

TheHalvingPrinciple

TheHalvingPrinciple (concluded)

The DoublingPrinciple

Vocalization ofthe PL and PR series

CONTENTS

LESSON

22. Diphonic orTwo- Vowel Signs

23. Wand YDiphthongs

24 . Prefixes and Suffixes Reviewed

25 . Omission OfConsonants andFigures

26 .

27.

CompoundWords and Intersections

Distinguishing Vowels , Distinguishing

Business Corres pondence in Shorthand

Additional Exercises

The Grammalogs and Contractions

Grammalogs alphabetically arranged

ContractedWords alphabeticallyarranged

Phraseograms

Fifty Principal Cities arrangedaccording toPopulation s

Contractions for Names of States and Terri

tories

Phonographic Alphabet

Table ofSingle and Double Consonants

Index

BRIEF COURSE IN

ISAAC PITMAN SHORTHAND

LESSON 1.

CONSONANTS AND SECOND- PLACE LONG

VOWELS.

1. In writing the Isaac Pitman shorthand the stu

dent will always bear in mind that he is writingSounds . Thus , in the word Bomb the final b is not

sounded, therefore it would not be represented by any

shorthand Sign. Likewise,in the following words ,

there are many silent letters which would not require

any representation ; select the silent letters in thoroughly,

bought, tight, knight, bureau. Thus,in the word bought

we hear the sounds , b, u,t, three all told. Analyze

each of the other words in the same way. Sug

gest as many words as you can think Of rapidly,which contain letters that would not require any short

hand Sign.

2. All Sounds in spoken language are divided into

two clas ses: Consonants and Vowels . The same is

true in shorthand. Consonant- sounds are represented

by straight lines and curved lines , and vowel sounds bydots and dashes .

Straight lines . K Curved lines .

Dash.

2 BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

3. A straight line may be written vertically ihorizontally slanting towards the right slanting

'

towards the left These four strokes written lightlyrepresent four consonant- sounds . Write these same

strokes a little heavier and they represent four other

consonant- sounds . The horizontal strokes are written

from left to right. The other strokes are always written

downward.

The following table exp lains these eight Signs .

4 . Write several lines Of each character naming it

as you write It and thinking Of the sound it represents .

The vertical and slanting strokes should be written with

the ends resting on the line . Continual practice should

be the rule, for only in this way will facility in the use Of

shorthand be gained . Study each new point until it is

thoroughly understood.

5 . Many words contain two or more consonants .

When indicating them in shorthand the second

SECOND- PLACE LONG VOWELS . 3

stroke is begun where the first ends , the third where thesecond ends , etc. DO not lift the pencil from the

paper ; thus

p Ch, bto tp’ div Ch 27) kg, bpi bg°

Exercise 1.

Read, copy, and transcribe.

mm

Exercise 2.

Write in shorthand the consonant- sounds heard in the

followingwords :

1. Cawed, bake, baked, dogged, tapioca, judge, book.

2. Debt, chapped, gauge, cocoa, page, dodge.

3 . Body, package, coach, check, babe .

6 . All strokes are said to have three places; beginning,middle, end; first, second

,and third-

place . All vowel

sounds are represented by writing dots or dashes in these

places . As in the case Ofthe consonant- strokes , bymakingthese dots or dashes light or heavy, difi

'

erent vowel- sounds

are indicated .

7. A heavy dot in the second-

place adds the sound

Of d, as heard in the word pay; a short heavy dash in the

second-

place adds the sound of 6 , as heard in the word

toe; thus pay, toe. The dash should be

written at right angles to the stroke . If the vowel

sign is written at the left- hand side of the down

strokes , or above the horizontal strokes , it is read before

4 BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND}

the stroke ; thus ape, oat, age, oak.

If the vowel- sign is written at the right- hand side of

the downlstrokes,or below the horizontal strokes it is

read after the stroke ; thus bay, l. toe, jay,

go. Write a line of each consonant as

follows : ape, pay, ope, .XA Poe.

Exercise 3.


8. Remember that all the strokes in a word are written

first, then insertall the vowel - signs , in the order in which thevowel- sounds are heard.

9. Shorthand outlines are written in one Of three

positions , first,above the line second, on the line; third,

through the line . The vowel in a word, or if there is

more than one vowel, the stressed or emphasized vowel,indicates the position to be occupied by the outline

for the word.

VIf the vowel- sound is a first- p lace

vowel the outline will occupy the first position; if

a second -

place, the second position; and if a third

place, the third position . Note that every outline

in Exercise 3 is written in the second position. Wherethere is but one stroke that stroke rests on the line.

Where there is more than one stroke, the first down

stroke governs the position of the outline . The student

will Observe in Exercise 3 that in each case the first

downstroke rests on the line to indicate the second

position, because, in each cas e,the vowel is a second

p lace vowel.

SECOND- PLACE LONG VOWELS . 5

10. All second-

place vowels occurring between two

s trokes are always written after the first stroke in the

s econd-

place.

11. In shorthand, a small cross x is used for a

period ; the Sign r is employed to expres s a dash ;

and other punctuation marks are Written as usual . TWO

short lines drawn underneath an outline indicate an initial

capital ; as 3 Job Cope.

12. Words Of frequent occurrence are expressed in

shorthand by one of their letters . A word thus abbrevi

ated is called a grammalog; the letter which is used to

represent the whole word is called a logogram. The

student should learn the grammalogs as thoroughlyas possible, because a knowledge Of them is neces

sary in fast writing. Throughout the exercises in

this book the grammalogs and contractions are

in ital ic.

GRAMMALOGS .

the,

all, too or two

,

owe or Oh ! 1 he I but.

Exercise 4 .

Read , copy, and transcribe .

Exercise 5.

Write in Shorthand.

He paidJoe COpe to take the boat.

Take the cocoa to the page on the boat.

Take the page to the oak.

He towed the boat to the oak to- day.

LESSON 2.

CONSONANTS AND FIRST- PLACE LONGVOWELS.

18. In the following diagrams the circles are divided

into four parts . Each curved stroke is employed to

represent a consonant- sound.

The two lowar in the first and the two side curves in

the second will now be studied. They are written light

and heavy as in the case Of the straight strokes , and

Write several lines of each.

6

FIRST- PLACE LONG VOWELS . 7

14 . Whatever has been stated about the straight

strokes with regard to the three places and the three

positions in the preceding paragraphs , is also true

of these strokes . Note in the following exercise

how clearly the angle between these strokes is

indicated.

Exercise 6.

Read copy, and transcribe.

'

15. The stroke sh is usually written downward, but

when it immediately precedes k K f (l)

or immediately follows or Iit Will be found

more convenient to write it upward. Write a line Of each

Of these combinations employing first the doumward sh

and then the upward sh,and note in each instance

,how

much more easily the outline is written, when the upward

sh is used.

16. (a) A heavy dot in the first- place adds the sound

of ah, as heard in the word palm; a short heavy dash in

the first- place adds the sound Of aw, as heard in the word

bought. (Read paragraph 9 carefully. ) To indicate

the first position, keep the stroke above the line ; if there

is more than one stroke see that the first downstroke iskept above the line.

(b) A ll first- place vowels occurring between two

strokes are always written after the first stroke in the

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LESSON 3.

CONSONANTS TO THIRD- PLACE LONG

VOWELS .

The remainder Of the consonant strokes are noted

17. All the above are light strokes except v The

student will Observe that the Signs A,

v , v

are the remainder of the curved strokes

9


as noted in the diagrams in paragraph 13. It .will

be seen in a later lesson that A , are

also‘

written heavier to indicate additional consonant

s ounds . The horizontal strokes A,

v, v are

written from left to right; V,

and

o/

are written upward; and and 7 are written

Exercise 10.

Write two or three lines Of each stroke, namingeach as it is written. Indicate the three places in

each.

18 . These strokes are joined to one another and

to other strokes in the manner already explained in

paragraph 5 .

Exercise 11.

Write in Shorthand.

1 . Palm, bale, watch, yoke, loam.

2. Calm,locate, laying, range, knave.

19. Ray and chay though looking very

much alike are easily distinguished. When standing

alone the slant of the stroke will determine which it is ,for my s lants but s lightly from the line on which it is

begun . When written with other strokes the direction

Of the stroke will determine which it is ,“my

”being

the upstroke and“chay

”the downstroke.

20. The consonants R and H are each provided

with two forms,

an upstroke and a downstroke.

This is for convenience of joining to other strokes ,

and also for the purpose of vowel indication in writing.

The rules governing the use of these forms will be fully

THIRD- PLACE LONG VOWELS. 11

explained in a later lesson, but, meanwhile, the following

brief statement will be useful :

(a) The upward form of H is used, except when H

stands alone, and in the compounds Of such words, or

is followed by as " Z " hay, haystack,

hawk, L Hague.

(b) At the beginning of a word if R is preceded by a

vowel- sound, the doumward form is used; if no vowel

sound precedes the upward form is used , as arm,

ark, ore, but ray, " ( 2Lrate,

- C rogue.

Before M, however, always use the downward form; as

roam.

(c) At the end of a word if R is the last. sound heard

use the downward form; if a sounded vowel follows R

then use the upward form; as fair,M Pharaoh,

ore, row.

Exercise 12.

In the following words write only the stroke out

lines suggesting in each cas e the rule to be Observedin the choice of the upward or downward forms Of R

and H .

1. Hack, hope, high, higher, rope, early, wreck.

2. Fear, fury, Hague, furrow,bear, Armada, room.

Exercise 13.


BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

Exercise 14 .

Write in Shorthand.

May they all take a share at the game?

Put up a loaf; be out by four; and take the coach at the

gate .

They should all be out by four.

21. (a) A heavy dot in the third-

place adds the

sound e,as heard in tea; and a short heavy dash in the

third-

place adds the sound of 66 , as heard in do. Words

containing a third-

place vowel- sound as the only or the

principal vowel -sound must be written in the third

position. Horizontal strokes are written on the line

for second and third positions , when written alone or

joined to another horizontal . If a horizontal is immediately followed by an upstroke, begin the horizon

tal a little below the line, to indicate the third posi

tion . In other instances the first downstroke deter

mines the position and must be wri tten slightly through

the line; thus key, cool; peach, 74 3. rue,

as

. keep ,

(b) A ll third-

place vowel- signs occurring between two

strokes are always written before the second stroke in .the

third-

place .

(c) Construct a dozen outlines containing these

third-

place vowel- sounds and write a line Of each

one.

GRAMMALOGS .

I had , do, M l difi

'

erent or difi'

erence , much,

which, each, I large, come,

go or ago, give or given .

THIRD- PLACE LONG VOWEIS . 13

Exercise 15.

a - .L1.

Exercise 16.

Write in Shorthand .

Which way should they go to reach the pool?He may go by the coach, and take the boat atThey had to go a difi

’

erentway at sea.

They fear they may be out of the way.

LESSON 4 .

SHORT VOWELS .

22. (a) A light dot in the first, second , or third- place

represents respectively the short vowel- sounds 6 as in

thdt, 6 as in pén, and i as in is . A short light dash in

the first,

second , or third-

place represents respectively

the short vowel- sounds 6 as in n6t, it as in milch,and 66 as in g66d. The words given as illustrations

form a sentence that is easily remembered : That

pen is not much good.

”All that has been Stated with

regard to the long vowel- sounds is also true for these

short vowel- sounds .

(b) Note that the rules for writing these vowel- signs

when they occur between two strokes , are the same as

those for the long vowels as indicated in the following

examples, -fi bdt, “N

Tbet, A

TC 150k,

6 : lilck, F 5: l66k. Read again paragraphs 10, 16 (b) ,and 21 (b) .

(c) The rules for the position of outlines of words

containing short vowel- sounds are exactly the same as

those governing the position of words containing long

vowel- sounds ; as X : palm, X . pack; bake,

beck; L . deem, l a " dim; wrought,( l rot;

coal, cull,"

pool, Nfi pull .

Exercise 17.


1.

‘

l'_ ‘

l;\ 7

d2,6 W .

SHORT VOWELS . 15

GRAMMALOGS .

half, if, K. have, thank- cd, think,

youth, though, them or they.

Exercise 18.


M . m M A M ) “

Exercise 19.

Write in Shorthand.

They think they may have to go to the bank and

a check to pay the youth the money.

Though they go out on the tenth, they may come back

by an early mail .

They think the lad may have to go to Canada in a

month.

Half the party came to give a vote each to Adam


mmrmorzas AND pnms noam s . 17

at the beginning or end of an out

ice,

wnigh, owl,

Oi may be joined at the beginning only;

U may be joined at the end only ; as

due,

.

N—r argue, renew, - r e mew,

fi cue,v value. Note that the usual direction

of U is changed when joined to the strokes A ,

v and f (up) . In .the word now only the

last stroke of the diphthong ow is joined to the n stroke.

Write a line of each of the illustrations given in this

paragraph.

Exercise 20.



4 . The lively dealer took a widely difi'

erent view of the

affair to- day.

5 . They assume a large share of the duty ; but they have

no right to it, and theymay have to give it up .

6 . Pursue a life of purity, and so rebuke them.

7. If they take refuge on the boat, they can defy the

power of the enemy to take them or to move them

away.

27. Final l is written downward after v and v ;

thus nail, only, wrongly. Suggest

half- a- dozen other words and write several lines of

each.

18 BRIEF corms ]: IN snowma n) .

GRAMMALOGS .

I or eye, A howL

beyond, you,with, when,

would .

28. A group of words may be represented by joining their outlines without lifting the pen from the

paper. The resulting outline is called a Phraseogram.

The first word-form of a phraseogram must be written

in its usual position; the other word- forms may or

may not occupy their proper positions ; thus in

you can be, it will be noticed that you is written

in its proper position on the line, whereas can and

be are not written in the positions the usually

occupy. Thus what may be,

I think

you should, L\ it would be, if he can,\n why have you, when they: Write several

lines of each phras eogram. Construct similar phraseo

grams .

29. In phraseograms beginning with a first- position

sign ,that sign may be written so that the following

word- sign shall take its proper position ; thus, see,

i . with much, 1. I thank you, I think, why

do you. When joined to A,f or the sign

may be shortened to thus (I’m I

am) , (I’ll I will) , 17. I can. The vowel should

be inserted in the phras eogram " x.

.to go. Note

that f is used in phras ing for the word will .

Write several lines of the phras eograms for each

of the following phrases : I- will, I-maybe, you

will - be, if- you- should—be, why- have-

you, what- do

you.

DIPHTHONGS AND mm snoamus . 19

Gnumaw as .

so or us , see, sea, was,

Jshall, wish, Jusual- ly.

Exercise 21.


Exercise 22.

The phrases in this and the following exercises are

indicated by the hyphen.

Write in Shorthand

1 I- think-

you- should wire them, if-

you think you- can

do what they ask you to- do .

2. I- think I- may guarantee the tube to be all - they say.

3 . What diference can- it make to- you if I- have to-

go

out by- the tenth?

4 . I- see-

you know two of- them.

5 . I- shall- be happy to- have-

you do- so ii -

you- can manage

it.

6 . If-

‘

yowlike to-

give them a copy, they-maybe happy

to read it.

LESSON 6.

CIRCLE S AND Z .

80. The sounds of s and z are two of the mostfrequently occurring sounds in the language, and it

is , therefore, necessary that they should be provided

with very easily written signs . These sounds , besides

being expressed by the signs and are also

represented by a small circle, easily written and

joining readily with other strokes . When standingalone, or joined to straight strokes at the beginningor end, the circle is written in the direction Oppositeto that in which the hands of a clock move round ;

thus “oh. Notice that at the beginning

the stroke closes up the circleo

x, f f

’

Do not make a complete circle before writing the

stroke .

31. This circle may be written at the beginning of

a stroke (initially) , at the end of a stroke (finally) ,or between two strokes (medially) . When joinedto single strokes the circle is written on the right

hand side of straight downstrokes , on the upper side

of the horizontals and and the straight

upstrokes o/

, and inside of curves .

It is obvious that the circle may not be written initially

with the strokes 7, thus , sp ,

ps, st, sds , schs, ks ,

sgs, sr, rs, ws, hs

, Z “ ys ,

S e , sf, -Xo. svs , sm, " w e. sns , j } . srs . Write

a line of each of the strokes employing the circle

initially (excepting as noted above) , and finally, con

20

CIRCLE“3”AND“z.

” 21

structing words that would be represented by those

outlines .

32. When used medially, circle 8 must be mitten

as follows :

(a) Between two str t strokes forming an angle,

outside the angle; thus tsk,

chs p, - g/

gsr,

bsch.

(b) Between two straight strokes not forming an

angle, on the usual side of such stroke; thus psp,

tst,

ksk, K iwsr, i f. rsr .

(c) Between two curved strokes , generally ins ide

the first curve° thus ssr, ff}. msr

,

nsu,msv; but inside the second

curve rather than an awkward joining; thus noisome,

(d) Between a curved and a straight stroke, inside

the curve; thus nsk, psv, ksn

,“A, chsn .

Construct several combinations for each rule stated and

write a line of each combination .

33. Initially, the circle may have the sound of 3

only; hence words beginning with the sound z must

be repres ented by the stroke ; as zeal, . .k zero.

Medially or finally the circle may have the sound of

s or 2, as racer or raiser; \o . pace or pays .

34 . The circle 8 is always read first at the beginningof a stroke, and last at the end of a stroke ; thus

eat,

seat, seats ; - .ll tow,stow

,

slows eke,

seek, seeks ;

.3 °

N_‘

soar, -YZB soars ; " 35a . suppose, - Q. cities,

series . Note that the vowel- sign in each outline

is read with the stroke and not with‘

the circle.

Take the word suppose: the first sound is s ; then


the sounds u, p , 0 are read, and lastly another 3 or 2.

Analyze in the same manner every other illustration

given in these paragraphs .

35. Since vowel- sounds are never read with the circle

in words beginning with the sound of s preceded by a

vowel -sound , or ending in s or z follmved by a vowel - sound,

the strokes or must be employed. Thus

- .l ask,

assume, " k. asp, . .D lazy, K)" fussy,

as compared withL

sack, sap, . .di lace,

Exercise 23.


38. Before sn, sny, and sv, l is written downward ;

unloosen, " 6 losing,

elusive. After a curve and circle l follouw the

direction of the circle; as vessel, JTC . muscle,

cancel .

37. The word the, which is represented by a light

dot on the line, is also expressed by a light slanting

tick, joined to the preceding character, and written

either upward or downward, in the direction which

will give the sharper angle ; thus of the, to

the , -

1"and the, 4 should the

, I think the, I

have the,5 with the, 5 when the

, l . he is the is

the, ,o is the as the or has the. The first stroke

CIRCLE“s”AND

“

23

of on the must be written slanting, in order that it

may not clash with I . The tick the can never be

used at the beginning of an outline . Write several

lines of each of the illustrations given.

GRAMMALOGS .

.as or has , 0 is or his , because, itself,

those, C this , these or thus,

myself,himself, me or my, A him or may, are,

71 . our or hour, we.

Exercise 24 .


1.

"

K 4 6 .

Exercise 25.


M v


LESSON 7.

LOOPS ST AND STR.

38. A small loop , half the length of the stroke to

which”

it is attached, represents st; thus ache,

take, .Ir . stale, .1? store

, stout. Whenwritten at the beginning of a stroke the loop represents

st only; but when written at the end of a stroke it repre

sents either st or zd; thus coast, accused,

" m . mist,

amused. The loop may also be

us ed medially, when convenient; thus justify,

39. A large loop , two- thirds the length of the stroke

to which it is attached, represents str; thus .fi Poster,

49 . luster . The str (ster) loop must not be written at

the beginning ofa word ; but it may be employed medially,

as in masterpiece . The circle 8 may be added to

the loops ; thus coasts , fife?“ masts

, .kfi . posters ,

lusters .

40. The loops st (stee) and str (ster) follow the same

rule of writing as the circle 8 ; that is , they are written

with a backward motion (in the opposite direction to

that taken by the hands of a clock) when attached to

straight strokes , and inside curves . The loops also follow

the same rule of reading as the circle 8 ; so that the loop st

is always read first at the beginning of an outline,and

last at the end of an outline ; while the loop str (which isnever used initially) is always read last at the end of an

outline .

4 1. The following examples will show the similaritybetween the rules for circle 8 and for the loops st and

26 am cocnsn IN snoIrrIIAND.

s tr; thus 5 ; past,k pastors ;

“SS

' soup, stoop ; .é . seal, steal ; mass ,

42. The vowel aw may be joined initially to upward

1 as AC. awl, . .Q also; and the logogram

be joined in compound words likem

almost,

Exerc ise 27.


GRAMMALOGS .

Umost

, m must,

in

w next,

in or any, v no or know,

lo

suggest- cd .

Exercise 28.


Doors“s'r”AND“STR.

”27

n°

.

Exercise 29.

Write in Shorthand.

Stab, steal, sting, stop , stoop , star, stark, stale .

Reposed, dismissed, fastes t, advised, revised.

Chester, Manchester, musters , ministers .

Sir : The names of- the vessels are- the“Star and - the

“Chester.

”The

“Chester ” sails on-Wednesday

next, the first of July. She has usual ly a heavy

cargo on- the passage out. If-

you- will- be influenced

by our advice, you- will book a pas sage by- this

vessel to- day. The rest- of- the business can- be dis

cussed when you come to- the ofi ce. Yours ,

LESSON 8.

CIRCLES SW AND SS AND CIRCLE S AND

STROKE S .

43. A large initial circle written in the same wayas the circle 8 represents the sound sw, as - .g sweep ,

“m . swim,

switch; and a large medial or final

circle represents the sounds ses , sez, zes , or zez; as

(ses ) necessity; (sez) passes ; 5g. (zes ) possessive;

ro

(zez) causes . Vowel- sounds other than the short

6 may be expres sed by placing the vowel- sign within

the circle (onlywhen usedmedially or finally) as exis t,

exhaust, “ 5 -04 9.

census , exercise. Final 8 is

added by continuing the circle ; thus , exercises ,

emphasizes . Write several lines of each of these

illustrations .

Exercise 30.

Read, copy, and trans cribe.

4 4 . To avoid an awkward outline, the upward is

written, whether there is a final vowel or not, when

r follows a straight upstroke, or ks or gs, or a curve and

28

CIRCLES “sw”AND

“ss .

”29

circle like \e or 07

; thus 4 . were, weary,

7 1/Kaiser

, .

V'U/

n geyser,

J answer, necessary.

4 5. (a) The sw circle is employed in phrasing to

express the words as we; thus _Q . . as we have, as we

think, as we can . It is also used in the phras eo

as well as .

(b) The ss circle is employed in phrasing to

the two 3’s in such phraseograms as this is ,

is said Q ’as soon as

, in this city.

(c) The circle 8 may be used instead of the st loop

in phras eogv

rams like .Jr ra\. it must be, “( K you must

receive, m las t time, fl

" next time. Practice each

of the illustrations given in paragraphs 4 4 and 45 ; con

struct similar outlines and phras eograms .

Exercise 31.


It- is - said the ship“Swallow is to- sail on Tuesday;

but- this - is wrong as - we- know she- is still in bal

las t.

As - we- can easily ship all- the cases to-morrow, you

-must- be ready to- mail all- the invoices .

They- may insist on refusing- the laces because of- the

excessive charges , and may ask us to change them,

as - soon- as - they know- the cost.

GRAMMALOGS .

Oas is , O is as

, 6 this is or themselves , ourselves ,

specially, speak, K. several

,(9

yes ,

high, a" 3 house, we, way.


Exercise 32.

Read , copy, and transcribe.

Exercise 33.

Write in Shorthand.

Swan Lester.

Winnipeg, Man .

We- have a special sale of essences and sweet syrups

to- day, as - it- is - necessary to dispose of- some of- our stock.

A s - we- know just what you use , we- can, if-

you- like, select

a dozen cases and set them aside, and you- can take

s ame asasoon- as you- are ready. Howumany shall we

s et as ide? Shall we despatch a dozen special ly nice

cas es?Yours smcerely,

CIRCLE S AND STROKE S.

4 8. In paragraphs 33, 35 and 40 it is stated that

(a) The stroke 2 is used in a word beginning with the

sound z, as in zeal

,zero, etc .

,and (b) If a word begins

or ends with a vowel - sound, the circles or loops may

not be used ; thus0

k . assail, A 4 ). dusty,

CIRCLE“8”AND STROKE “s .

”31

as compared with C sail,

. .Ag“ rose, dust. In

the succeeding paragraphs the student will learn

several other rules for using either the stroke 8 or the

circle 8 .

47. A vowel cannot be shown between the letters

expressed by a loop . The separate letters , therefore,

and not a loop , must be written in such words as

\r ( tr.

reside, Evpasture, visitor.

Compare thosewords with " is . best, . taste raised,

jfi pastor,Jib investor.

48. Words in which 8 or 2 is the only consonant

and in words derived from such words the stroke

3 or 2 must be employed ; as sawing,

saw-mill,

sea,

.u . sea -

gull .

4 9. When a word begins with 8 immediately followed

by two separate vowel- sounds , or if it ends with - ous

immediately preceded by a diphthong, then the stroke

s is used ; as science, -XL sighing, joyous ,

tortuous .

50. Inwords like saucer, “fix. seizure, season

,

the stroke 3 is written first becauSe the circle permits

Of an eas ier joining with the following stroke .

51. It will be seen from the foregoing rules , and

from the rules for writing r (paragraph that the

outline Of a word frequently indicates the presence or

absence of a vowel,and that, therefore, the writer may

safely omit an initial or a final vowel in very manyoutlines . Thus

,he need not insert the initial vowel

in forms like ask,

assume, W

because the outline in each case indicates a preceding

vowel . Nor need be insert the final vowel in such


CIRCLE “3 ” AND STROKE “s .

”33

PHRASEOGRAMS .

V ‘/

I am we are sorry,

ma c “ you may as well, .W . yours respectfully,

respectfully yours .

Exercise 36.

Read , copy, and transcri be.

Exercise 37

Write in Shorthand.

Spencer Reed,

Ottawa,Canada.

Each season in- the pas t six years we- have bought

your books of science and- have- had to pay exces sive

rates on- same . We emphasize this fact because if- we

are to- make a success of- our busines s we-must sell the

books at low rates . Can you suggest how we- may get- the

charges reduced,or can you in—any- way as sist us in reduc

ing- the cost of- the books?Yours -«respectfully,

LESSON 9.

INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT AND

CURVED STROKES.

53. A small initial hook written on the same side as

the circle 8,adds l to the straight strokes I Ithus forming a series of double conso

nants ; as

F F f f

pl bl tl dl ch l jl kl gl.

54 . A small initial hook written on the opposite side

adds r to the same strokes , thus

K‘

I 1 7 7pf br tr dr ch r jr kr gr.

55. (a) The hook is written first in such consonants

and made parallel to the stroke with which it is

written.

(b) These double cons onants may be sounded in

two difi'

erent first as a distinct syllable ; thus

in the words topple, rebel, paper,

teacher; and secondly without the short e sound

as in the words play, praise, A reply,

.A .repress .

56. These double consonants are named pel (as in

topple) , per (as in taper) , etc .

,to distinguish them from

outlines formed by the separate strokes , as v . (pee- cl) ,

(pee- ar) . Vowels are p laced and read to these

double consonants just as they are to single strokes ;

thus A: cup , couple coupler apply,

INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT AND CURVED smoxns . 35

press, £253» impress , impressing. Note

carefully the joining of forms when these hooks are used

medially.

Exercise 38.

Read copy, and transcribe.

GRAMMALOGS .

apply, people, by'

all, able,

belief or believe- d at all, I

1

tell, 4L till,

Exercise 39.

Write in Shorthand

If-

you- will apply to Major Gray he- may- be- able to

tell- you .

Have-

you delivered- the blue and black cloth to Briggs

and Baker?

What- is - the leas t price at- which-

you- can deliver your

bras s paste in glass bottles?

We- are mailing you samples of cream lace to—day,and - fwe- regret .we- Were- unable to- do—so till now.

We- believe yow-can- do no better at- the-

prices .

GRAMMALOGS AND PHRASEOGRAMS .

dollar- s, equal- lg, 1 doctor

,

dear, “fl, during, J\Dear Sir

,XVYours truly.

36 13mm? COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

Exercise 40.

Read, copy, and transcribe .

Exercise 4 1.


Samuel Brooks,Troy, N . Y .

Dear- Sir :

May I bring to-

your notice the enclosed price list

and samp les of- the fabrics you saw during your call last

Wednesday? I- am- able to—deliver these in blue,black,

or gray, in a couple of- days . The fabrics are all eq ually

durable , and- they- have no equals at- the-

prices . I also

enclose a notice ofmy usual April sale,and shall- be

pleased to- have-

you call and look at my stock.

Yours - truly,

INITIAL Hooxs WITH CURVES .

67. A large initial hook adds l to

stroke except f l, N r, ) s , ) z

, Jthus

Q Qfl vl th l th l sh l ml

Practice several lines of each.

INITIAL HOOKS TO STRAIGHT AND CURVED STROKES . 37

58. A small initial hook adds r to any curved stroke

except l,

r, ) s, ) z; thus

k k C C J Jfr vr th r th r sh r eh r

Practice several lines ofeach.

59. The sound ng- r

,as in singer, "m .

wringer, , is comparatively rare ; hence, the sign w is

us ed to represent the more common sounds of ng- kr

and ng—gr as heard in the words\f banker, .L thinker,

finger, n/S-f . linger. The double consonant

sh l is almost always written upward, as xv afi cial;

while sh r J is GENERALLY written downward, as

pressure

Exercise 42.


Exercise 43.


Afraid, fraud, author, freed, differ, inner .

Bunker,anger, shrewd, shroud, shrank, shrub.

Bushel, muffle, grapnel, approval, shrivel .

Tanner,dinner

,joiner

,liner, fragile, freckles .


GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACTIONS .

k for, k over, K ever-

y, Q. valuation,

evi l,

other, more or remark- cd, remarkable-

y,

nor or in our, v near,

PHRASEOGRAMS .

1 your favor, in receipt of your favor,

in rep ly, reply to your favor.

Exercise 44 .


N Qc /

Exercise 45.

Write in Shorthand

l . The remarkable afiray is over, and every wise thinker

i s

policy.

INITIAL Rooxs To STRA IGHT AND CURVED STRoxES . 39

No, we- had no other talk with Mr . Tinker, beyond a

mere remark on- the state of bus iness .

The banker was remarkably nervous , it- is - said, butbrimful of energy, hopeful, and ready, you would

think, to conquer any trouble or adversity.

Dear- Sir

Your- favor of-May 4 th has just come to us ,

and- in- reply we beg to say the tank you sold us last

April does all -you claim and-more . We- think- it

remarkably cheap , nor do we- think- it likely we- shall

use any other .

Yours - truly,

5 . DearqSirs

I - am- in- receiptof-

your- favor of July 27th, and

in- reply beg to enclose samples of Z ephyrs as near

as I - can get to-

your shade . Trusting these maysuit you

Yours -«respectfully,

RIGHT CURVES FOR FL,FR, ETC .

60. The curves r and s are not hookedfor l or r (see paragraphs 57 and They are

hooked, however, to provide'

extra forms for fl and fr,and th l and th r respectively, the signs thus obtained

being thickened for the corresponding heavy strokes ;

as

W 9 9 7fl vl fr vr th l th l th r th r.

These are the right curves for fl, fr, etc .

,as dis

tinguished from the left curves , or regularforms .

61. (a) When they stand alone (not joined to another

stroke) , the left curves , or regular forms are used if a

vowel- sound precedes , as aj'

er, 3x " afi'

ray, -s ether,

.LS'. aflow; if no vowel- sound precedes , the right curves ,


INITIAL HOOKS To STRAIGHT AND CURVED STROKES . 4 1

Briefer, rover, breather, clover, Arthur.

It- was , however, through their principal member the

firmwas able to secure the business in leather.

It- is very true, but it- seems almost incredible there

should- be such a large-«number of- members in- the

club .

I - shall- be at liberty to- morrow from five o’clock to

six, and- I - shall, therefore, be-

pleas ed to see-

you

if-

you- can giveme a call at- myhouse.

PHRASEOGRAMS .

Very truly yours, W early reply,

reply, V I am very sorry, I shall be p leased.

Exercise 48.


BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

Exercise 4 9.

Write in Shorthand

Go right through- the principal avenue, and

will - see Mr. Parker’

s house by- the side of- the river .

Follow the principles of- liberty through life, and you

willbe a true citizen and a worthymember of society.

Look your trouble bravely in- the face, and younii ll

very- likely discover a way to conquer it, however

severe it- may- seem c l- the first.

LESSON 10.

CIRCLES AND LOOPS PREFIXED TO‘

INITIAL HOOKS.

62. In words like civil, sufi

'

er, designer, display, it

becomes necessary to represent the sound of the

circle 8 or 2 together with a stroke initially hooked

for l or r . In curves hooked for l or r and in straight

strokes hooked for I only, the small circle is written

inside the hook; thus .n civil, x sugar, - .L/ des igner,

disp laced, simmer, 35. sable, display,

settler,

\L bicycle. Note that in outlines in which

the circle and a hook occur medially, both the circle

and the hook must be clearly shown . Practice several

lines Of each illustration. Construct Similar outlines

and practice them.

63. With straight strokes initially hooked for r, the

small circle 3, the large circle sw

, and the loop st, are

indicated by writing the circle or loop on the same

Side as the hook, so that the circle or loop may be sup

posed to include the hook; thus 35 . upper, -k supper,

sweeper, steeper, prosper, stouter

sweeter, z. destroy, stoker,

industry. Note thatwhen the circle and hook occur

medially as in the words prosper, destroy, indus try,

only the circle is written, but on the hook side of the

stroke ; but in j , extra,i ii" mistrust,

9clasper,

é " listener, where the circle and hook occur medially43

44 BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND.

at an angle, both the circle and the hook must be

clearly shown.

64 . When a or follows t or d, it is written

thus :7L17 . . Tasker, . l?. tusker, disagree,Jae, dis

grace, describe. Practice several lines of each

of the illus trations in this and the preceding para

graph.

Exercise 50.


u . L,

Write in Shorthand.

5 . Noticeable, stater, stutter, passable, displace.

6 . Blissful , deceiver, satchel, sever, supersede.

7. Scribe, streak, supreme, sadder, stagger, sweater.

GRAMMALOGS .

l try, 1 truth,

7 larger, 7 journal,

sure, Jsurprise, surprised.

PHRASEOGRAMS .

l ? I can assure you,V l I regret,

CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO INITIAL HOOKS . 45

Exercise 51.


Write in Shorthand

We—are- sorry to—have to des troy the claim.

I - am- surprised you- should suppress it.

It-maybe a struggle, but-we- shall scramble through.

I - am- sure you would- do nothing dishonorable.

Exercise 52.

Write in Shorthand.

Dear- Sir

In- reply- to-

your- favor of- the 14 th

, your cycles shall

be- delivered as early next month as I - can possibly get

them out. I - regret I - am- unable to—deliver sooner, and

I - can~assure-you it- would- be a pleasure to oblige-

you

if-

possible. I - am- surprised to know you have still to

see- the new saddles ,and - I - am mailing you half a dozen

samples to- day.

Yours - respectfully,

65. The upward form of r is used,

regardless Of

vowel- sounds , when it precedes t,d,ch, j, th

,kl, gl,

4 6 BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

or w, and when itfollows two downstrokes ; thus aright,

Zi nearth

,4

arch m y,urge, 24g

" oracle, regal,

prepare. The reas on for this

is eas ily apparent when the writer attempts to use the

downward form of r for these or similar words . The

vowel- indicating principle is disregarded because the

upward form is written more eas ily and therefore is moreconducive to speed . Practice the illustrations and con

s truct other outlines falling under this princip le .

LESSON 11.

N AND F HOOKS.

66. A small final hook written on the same side and

with the same.

movement as the circle 8,adds f or

v to any straight stroke ; as pave, tough,

12. chafe, cough, "X rough, wove, -

Kei . heave.

67. A small final hook written (a) ins ide curves,

and (b) on the side Opposite to that taken by the circle

8 and loops on straight strokes , adds n to those strokes ;

a-SWL “ oven, ocean,

A refine,

earn,

assign, pain,ribbon

,hen

,

win,

cheapen .

68 . Note carefully the following points : (a) Curvesdo not employ the f or v hook. (b) These final books ,as in the cas e Of the initial

'

hooks , are written parallel

to the stroke.

69 . The n and f hooks may be employed mediallywhen they join easily with the following stroke ; thus

7

—1

- training, coming, runner,

“Xe- r. . paving, L3 , deafness , Le chafing,70. A hook at the end Of a stroke is always read last;

so that when a word ends with a sounded vowel, a

stroke must be written ; thus pony, L4 deny,‘

honey, K . pufi'

y, cofi'

ee, KM funny,

shiny, N money. The student should refer

again to paragraph 51, when he will see that what is

there said with regard to vowel indication app lies to the

present paragraph also .


“N”AND“F ” HOOKS . 49

Exercise 55.

Write in Shorthand.

If-

yow- labor beyond-

your strength you- will—have to see- the

doctor.

Would you care to- take- the- chair ai- the gathering?

I- think- the General was within his rights .

We often go down to see Dr. Sutton at—the beach.

Mr. David Green, Lincoln Hotel, Brooklyn, N . Y.

Dear- Sir

Referring- to-

yours of- the 24th June,we- are

pleased with- the proof of-

your activity, and- trust

your Brooklyn vis it may turn out even more profit

able than you imagine . We- are obtaining to daythe sample of linen napkin for- which-

you ask. We

enclose- herewith a small length of fancy satin

ribbon, which-

you- will - p lease add to-

your—other

samples . We should like you to—make a specialcall upon Thornley cf: Craven . We- have- done nothingwith- them since you were down there last year, and

we happen to know their general business is remark

ably brisk justnow.

Yours - truly,


72. After k and any s traight upstroke,

fina l downward if no vowel sound follows,

and upwards if vowel sound does follow: as

follow; vale,v valley;

real, relay; yell,

Write a line of each illustration . Suggest

other pairs ofwords illustrating this point and practice

each.

LESSON 12.

CIRCLES AND LOOPS ADDED TO

FINAL HOOKS.

73. A small circle inside the f or v hook on straight

strokes adds 8 ; as .X paves , doves , u . . clifis ;

the same is true of '

the n hook with curves only; as

Exercise 56.


“ a

With straight strokes hooked for n,the circles

s and ses , and the loops st and str are expressed by writ

ing the circle or loop on the same side as the hook, thus

JDan, dance, dances, danced,

75 . A medial circle represents 8 only; so that when

ns occurs in the middle of a. word, both letters must

be shown; thus L/ dancer, Kzo/Spencer /e ran

som, "

V 7? " winsome, pencil, density,

cancer, v fencer, rancid, ransack.

76. The sign ns is used to represent the light

s ound of ns after a curved stroke ; thus Vance,

51

52 BRIEF COURSE lN SHORTHAND .

Xv romance . The effect of this rule is that the out

lines for related words of this class are kept regular

in construction ; thus , « N mince, minces,

mincina; fem ,

Exercise 57.


1.ck_qb /di 3 . x

‘ilfw d

2,v Tfl.

Write in Shorthand

5 . Bounce, trounced, bronzes , hence, cleansed, dis

tance, appearance, references .

6 . Silenced, starves , motives , tarifis,thrones , refrains,

preserves, swerves , incentives .

GRAMMALoos AND CONTRACTIONS .

approve, behalf, above, out of,

advantage, -L difi’icult, difliculty, which

have, if suggestion ,lo

suggestive, w one, opinion,

altogether, x together, 27 insurance.

CIRCLES AND LOOPS TO FINAL HOOKS . 53

Exercise 58.


1. I}. x

2. L.

C

x

PHRASEOGRAMS .

at once, a— D first class , for the first time,Y from first to last

,W in the first place .

Exercise 59.



Exercise 60.

Write in Shorthand.

Mr.James Burns,

Dover, Del .

Dear- Sir

We ask your acceptance and perusal of- the en

closed price- list of first- clas s wines from American

grapes , which-we- are—now ready to ofi'

er our patrons

at- prices far below those usually paid for foreignwines . Our customers have our as surance as - to- the

purity, flavor, and general excellence of- these wines ,and- they-may place the utmost reliance on our guar

antee. It- has - been our aim from-first- to—last, to- main

tain a name for wines of- the finest flavor, and- we

believe, we- have -done this . May- we deliver-

you a sam

ple cas e?Yours - respectfully,

77. At the beginning of a word I is written downward if it is preceded by a vowel and immediately

followed by a simple horizontal stroke; that is , a hori

zontal stroke that is not initially hooked,

circled,

or looped; thus A elm, 4 alcove, elegance,

alone, 0 along. Write several lines of each

illustration .

LESSON 13.

SHUN HOOK .

78 . A large final hook expresses the light or heavy

sound of shun, however spelled. The shun hook is

written

(a) Inside curves ; thus 32 , fashion, invasion,

(b) On the right Side of simple (that not hooked

or circled) t, d, or j; thus rotation,

addition, logician .

(c) On the side opposite to the last vowel when addedto a Simple straight stroke other than t

, d, or j, thus

diction, education, -

5passion,

Noption,

(a) On the side opposite to the hook or circle, when

added to a hooked or circled straight stroke°

thus

.

{N oppression, LL. . attrition, depletion, decep

tion, a?

” suction, m oi—E2 discussion .

(e) Away from the curve, when added to k or g springing from the curves f, v, or upward I, thus fiction,“a navigation,

location,selection.

The circle 8 is added thus . portions , opera.

Exercise 61.



“SHUN HOOK . 57

Exercise 64 .


If- you neglect to object to- the trespass , you-will- havedifliculty with- the prosecution .

Is there any prospect of- the subject being taken fordiscussion in- the next session?

By whose authority was - the auction carried on?

The degradation was unexpected, and- I—think- you

should offer some reparation for-

your imp lication .

The subject has a strange fas cination for a man ofresolution who- has also a taste for invention .

Dear Sir:In reply- to-

your- favor of June 3rd, we- regret

very-much the unexpected delay in- the delivery ofyour preserves . We- expect to resume operationssoon and- trust you

- fwill - favor us with your indulgencefor a few days more.


Exercise 65.



Exercise 66.

Write in ShorthandMr.John Benson

,

Lancaster,Minn.

We are in receipt of your favor of June 28th,and- we regret it- is out- of—our power to- make any re

duction in- the price for- the installation of- the gas

engines . We- have gone over- the specifications again ,

with- the view of acceding to-

your wishes if-

possible ,

but- the inclus ion of a number of severe res trictions

by- the architect forces us to- the retention of- the price

already given . We- think on reflection you- will - see

there- is every reas on for our prices , and-we- trust to

receive-

your commission to-

proceed with- the job.

Respectfully-

yours ,

LESSON 14 .

SHUN HOOK (Concluded) .

79. The sound of shun is expressed after the circle 8

or circle ns by a small hook, formed by continuing the

circle on the other side of the stroke ; thus XA third-

place vowel between the circle and

the shun hook is expressed bythe vowel- sign beingwrittenoutside the hook; thus "k? physician, transition .

When the hook is left unvocalized a Second-

p lace

vowel is to be read between the circle and shun;

thus X’ex possessions , sensation First-

p lace

vowels do not occur between 8 and shun . The circle

8 may be added to the hook, as in the precedingexamples .

80. When a diphthong and a vowel occur betweenshun and the preceding consonant, the stroke sh and

the hook n are written,and not the shun hook ; thus

This does not apply to such

punctuation, perpetuation,where

,

in order to avoid an awkward outline, the large hook

may be taken to represent- uation .

Exercise 67.



S50 " , 9s ? XX“:

GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACT IONS .

“3 signification insignificant,

" w insignificance,

S subscribe- d, X3 subscription, 53 ,

balance,

7 knowledge,“7a cknowledge .

PHRASEOGRAMS .

additional expense, lJ" additional cost,

A we are in a position,

Kb

less and less ,

Exercise 68.


i ) . .x (o

“SHUN

”HOOK . 61

Exercise 69.

Write in Shorthand.

1. The fact of- the authorization being refused was very

2. The insignificance of-

your subscription is sure to- raise a

commotion .

3 . Are you in- a -

position to subscribe to- the society?

4 . Your subscription may cause vexation and a sen

sation .

5 . Are you ready to-

go to any additional- expense in- the

case?

6 . We- are- fin-a-

position to-

prove the valuation was

7. If-

you- can tell us - the date of- the first petition, it

may assist us to form a decision on- the facts - ofthe- case .

8 . The object of- the succession of petitions was to in

fluence, if- possible, the decision which-we- expected

would acknowledge- the justice of- our claims .

81. Con or com when it is the first sound in a.

word, is expres sed by a light dot, written at theV

commencement of the outline ; thus conspire,

commence, console , commit. Where the

con dot is employed, it should be the first sign writtenin the word .

82. The suffix - ing is generally expressed by the stroke

v and - ings by v ; thus placing,

ings , guessing, meanings ; but when the

stroke is not convenient, - ing is expressed by a light

dot, and - ings by a light dash; thus shipping,

plating, waving, winnings , .d ’. en

gravings .


Exercise 70.

By refusing to pay for- the etchings and carvings

which we sold you last March you compel us to condemn

your business principles . The only conclusion we- can

arrive at constrains us to ask for an explanation . We- can

see no extenuation for-

your line of action . Yow-will

confer a favor upon- as by making an early reply stating

the reasons for-

your refusal to settle this - claim.

Respectfully-

yours,

LESSON 15.

COMPOUND CONSONANTS.

88. (a) A large initial hook adds w to k and g;

thus “L quick,c .

: Guam, request,“

1 san

guine .

(b) A small initial hook adds w to upward l, while a

large initial hpok adds wh to the same stroke ; thus

vf wile, while, wail , ”K. whale, weal,

wheel .

(c) Thickening a doumward l or r, adds r to these

strokes ; thus fowler,O

Z . scaler, sharer

,

snorer.

(d) Thickening m indicates the addition of p or b;

thus pump , Sig bamboo, ix empire,

balm; but when I or r immediately follows mp or rub ,

the simple A is written ; thusi g. employ, “i lk . impress,

(e) Enlarging the initial hook of w, indicates the ad

dition of the aspirate h; thus whistle, whisk

,

whip , " 64 . whirl .

(f) The compound consonant A may be hooked for r;

thus scamper, M Q s lumber,9 “

clamber. Practise

a line of each illustration ; construct outlines containing

these consonants .

84 . The initial hook in wl and whl is read first; so

that if a vowel precedes w, the stroke must be written

and not the hook; as if awhile .

63


COMPOUND CONSONANTS . 65

Exercise 72.

Write in Shorthand.

Insurers , wall- paper, inquiry, willingness .

Comparer, requesting, insular, compeller,Conquest, requiring, whisper, hampering,

GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACT IONS .

will, 6 while,A

important- ce, A improve- d

ment, impossible, f‘b improves -ments , whether

,

A unquestionable- y,v’ f yesterday, L January,

February, November, \9 United States .

Exercise 73.


4 .

Exercise 74 .

Write in Shorthand.

Q uinn Fowler,

Q uincy, Ill .

Willdyou please deliver to us as quickly as -

possiblefive gross small bottles of-

your liquid glue? We- are

surprised your traveler has missed us since lastJanuary.

We- suppose he- has - been nowhere near our town, or he

would- have unquestionably given us a call .

Yours - truly,

66 BRIEF COM E IN SHORTHAND.

87. When the syllable com,com cum or cog

occurs between two consonants , it is indicated by

writing the second consonant close to or under the

first; thus discompose, A . recompense,

AE .8. . recognize, 4 5 . reconcile, unconscious ,

N circumference. This rule may also be applied

to phras es ; as ( K . you will comply, it will

contain .

88. The endings - al ity, - ility, - arity, etc . are in

dicated by disjoining the stroke preceding the end

ing thus E finality, durability,

instability, f popularity, fl regularity,

Write several lines Of each illustration .

Exercise 75 .


'\b d fl x

COMPOUND CONSONANTS . 67

Exercise 76.

Write in Shorthand.

1 I- cm- convinced that- yownwy cause considerable con

Replying to-

your- communication of-yesterday, we- are

arranging to- return- the couplings and rods by

express this - evening.

3 . In- reply- to -

your- favor, we would- say the majority of

the designs are lacking in originality and attractive

ness , and-we- fear they-will- never attain a pop

ularity strong enough to compel us to put them in

stock.

Upon carefully inquiring into the conditions , we- are

impressed with- the advisability of conveying the

carvings in person to- their destination.

LESSON 16.

TICK AND DOT H.

89 . The uses Of upward and downward h have al

ready been explained (paragraph 20 (a) When the

stroke h is used medially, care must be taken to write

the circle Of the h so that it cannot be mistaken for the

circle 8 ; thus v behave, L/ . adhere,d o s/

" f. unholy,

i unhook, .373 3 Mohawk.

90. For convenience in writing, h is also representedby a tick (the downward form contracted) , and by a dot.

The tick h is used initially before A f and the

corresponding heavy strokes A and w as,

A home, .K . hale, 3 hair,srs . . hemp , hearer.

This tick may be used with straight downstrokes hooked

for r; as Hebrew,hydra, " Z . . hedger. Tick

h is always read first,and is never used medially ex

cept in a few phrases; as 33. in her own, "a of her,a

?to hear the . The tick is joined to and only

when they are followed by a final vowel, as hussy,

hazy.

91. To prevent an awkward outline medial h is

represented by a dot; thus,A

71 manhood, .N . loop

hole, apprehension . In a few cases the dot It may

be used initially; as

\l

l handy, half-way.

Exercise 77.


1. A.

TICK AND DOT“H.

”69

Exercise 78.

Write in Shorthand.

Hoe , hoax, helper, wholesome, hirer,Humane, hemp , heater, incoherence,Mr. Henry Hopkins ,

Austin, Tex.

In- reply- to-

your- favor of January 8th, we- have

the-

pleasure- to enclose- herewith sample of a stain

which- will give your mahogany a very rich hue . Joiners , upholsterers , and others , use it for heighteningthe effect when finishing high- clas s jobs, and- we- can

assure-

you—the stain always turns out well . We

trus t to- hear fronvyou when you have given- the samplea test Very- truly-

yours ,

Com acrmNs AND GRAMMALOGS .

perspective, prospective, productive,

obstructive, objective, subjective,

4 destructive, respective, irrespective,

4 » retrospective, respectively, b—7 defective,

executive.

PHRASEOGRAMS .

I hope you will, w Monday morning,

Tuesday afternoon, A : yesterday afternoon,

Wednesday evening.


Exercise 79.


7 /ua /x‘

v L.

Exercise 80.

Write in Shorthand

1 You know your objective, and you see how necessary

a knowledge of perspective willbe, ii-you- are to-

p lease

the executive.

2 The subjective test was by- no-means properly taken,and- we- shall ask- the executive to insist upon a more

thorough examination,irrespective ofe the teacher

’s

opinion.

3 . J. Heaton Sons ,

Omaha, Nebraska.

Dear- Sits

I- beg to ask your attention to- the enclosed price

list and book containing illustrations of-my high

pressure hydraulic pump , and- I - hope -

you-will - favor

me by a close examination of- the- same . Should

there- be any likelihood of-

your being in- this neigh

borhood during- the next month, I- hope-

you—will give

me a call, when I- shall- be happy to show you- the new

pruning hook Mr. Hes ton spoke of on Tuesdayafternoon last. Very- truly- yours ,

TICK AND DOT“H.

”71

92. Magnap , magni or magne is expressed by a dis

magnanimous ,

93. The suffix - ship is expressed by Jdis joined, as may be convenient; thus citizenship,

mclerkship .

Exercise 81.

Magnanimity, companionship , clanship .

Magnetized, apprenticeship , chairmanship .

Magnetizing, authorship , professorship .

Magnifying, censorship , receivership .

Recognition of- his valuable services and afiabilityduring his clerkship , caused his promotion to- the

controllership .

6 . The opposing factions recognized the desirability ofefi

'

ecting a compromise to insure the election of- their

choice for- the trusteeship .

7. Irrespective of- the executive’s contentions to- the con

trary, the authorship of- the latest devices to insurestability was - the subject of continual discussion .


ns vmw or“I.” AND

“a .

”73


1 Elmira, Alleghany, newly, exceedingly, facile.

2. Admiral, prevail , willingly, fuel, filler, dealer.

3 . Taller, Alaska, follow, yellow, sickly, leisurely.

CONTRACTIONS AND GRAMMALOGS .

abstraction, obstruction,Q

5 subjection,

objection,

/‘ Nunanimity- ans .

98. (a) Initially use upward r unless a vowel precedes .

See paragraph 20, subdivision (b) .(b) When r precedes t, d, ch, j, th, kt, gl, or w use the

upward form whether a vowel precedes or not. See

paragraph 65 .

97. (a) In short words , final r is written downwardif it ends the word, and upward if a vowel sound follows .

See paragraph 20, subdivision (c) .(b) After two downstrokes use the upward r. After_.o _o and a straight upstroke use upward r.

See paragraphs 65 and 44 .

(c) When it follows another stroke and is finally

hooked, r is usually written upward. See paragraph

71

(d) The compound consonant W is used only

where a final downward r would be written ; thus

bearer, adorer. See paragraph 85 .

Exercise 83.



Write in Shorthand.

5 . Aspire, arranger, adhere, career, unaware, taxer.

6 . Adviser, answers , wreath, auricle, urgency.

7. Origination, airy, irrigation, Irish, arraign,~injure .

8 . Stir, summary, marine, regal, earth, arduous .

CON'rnAc'rmNs .

A Reverend, regular, irregular,

public - sh- cd, publication, republic,

republican, repugnant—ce

,represent- cd,

A representation, representative,

A responsible- ity, Xirresponsible- fay.

Exercise 84 .


2. J. a5 A f

u o m A

REVIEW or“I.” AND

“a.

”75

Exercise 85.

Write in Shorthand.

1. The story of- the republic, just published, shows how

refused to be led by irresponsible men.

to- the ad

mission of- the repugnant princ iple of taxation minusrepresentation .

2. The subjection of- the enemy and - the destruction

of- his ships were- only poss ible by continual and

crease in- th’

e subscriptions .

regular members of- the club .

5 . He—must continue to shoulder the responsibility.

6 . The minority in a republic are always seeking to em

barrass the majority leaders on such questions as - the

initiative and- the recall .

Exercise 86.


76 BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND

Exercise 87.

Chicago, Ill.

Dear- Sire:

In- reply- tovyour- favor'

of 3oth,we- have- been unable to-

place- the cargo of spruce refuseto-which-

you- refer and - we- fear there- is -em likelihood of

our obtaining a buyer justnow. We-were in hepes

of- success yesterday- morning, but- the party refuses to

proceed with- the business to - day, and our exertions have

been to no purpose . Should-we come across a cus

tomer to—day or to -morrow at a reasonable price we—will

wire you.

LESSON 18.

THE HALVING PRINCIPLE.

98. (a) Halving a light stroke indicates the addition

of t; thus pack, packed; tree, treat,

a ll». treats, streets ; X play, plate,

(b) Halving a. heavy stroke indicates the addition

of d; thus .e zz. gray, grade, grades ;

brew,“sv, . brewed, " M . broods ; A rub

, rubbed .

(c) A stroke which is finally hooked, or which occurs

in an outline of more than one syllable, may (with

rare exceptions) be halved to indicate the addition of

either t or d; thus pain, paint or pained,

paints ; .A a mend or meant, mends ;

«3 , wave, waved, waft waits ;

Exercise 88.


2.

t ‘ aa l 3 “ .e. o.

3 . ha fL /r kf' fi \x

78 BRIEF CouRsE IN snon'rRAND.

Exercise 89.

1. Late,decked, fight, enjoyed, dragged, shots , buds .

2. Straight, dried, blades , spends , gained, grants .

3 . Finds, minds , shredded, panted, hated, tablet.

99 . Half- sized t or d, immediately followint or d

, is always disjoined; thus treated,

traded,

edited .

100. Half- sized w [a ] is used as a contraction for

the termination ward,wart

, wort, and half- sized y [l ]

for yard; thus backward,‘fl/

stalwart,

L1 dockyard.

101. Final t or d, when followed by a sounded vowel ,

must be written in full; thus M . fault, but faulty.

102. There is no third position for words whose

outlines cons ist of half- sized letters only, or of hori

zontal letters joined to half- sized letters . When the

vowel or principal vowel in such words is a third-

place

vowel, the outline is written in the second position;

thus tent,

. .J tint,

— fl . kilt, colt,

Exercise 90.

4 . Credited, imitated, roasted, lasted, downward .

5 . Stock- yard, pity, mighty, witty, rents , parents .

6 . Crafts , coughed, waged, prints , wounds .

THE RALVING PRINCIPLE . 79

quite, could,

or cart, c cared,

a cold or equalled, c. gold,

4 gentlemen, happened,

opportunity, child,

103. The halving principle is employed for the '

indication of the words it, not, word and would, in

phrases like the following I am not,

‘

4 I do not

or I had not, 8 . I did not, eve you may not, is” you are not,

you were not, of”you will not, W I hope you will not,

if it, x. if it has (or is ) , in which it is (or has) ,

c, this word, we would be. Write several lines of

each illustration . Construct several phraseograms basedon this principle .

Exercise 91.


GRAMMALCas .

according or according to

called,

gentleman,

particular,

not.


LESSON 19.

THE HALVING PRINCIPLE (Concluded) .

104 . The four strokes A 9 r bes idesbeing halved for the addition of t, may be halved and

thickened to indicate the addition of d; thus

palmed, mode, designed, snowed;

piled, .

1/shared . It will be observed from the

outlines for palmed, mode, designed, and snowed ,

that - A and may have the sound of d im

mediatelyfollowing the m or n, or they may have a sounded

vowel between the m or n and the d.

106. The signs f ld (written downward) and rd

are not used if a sounded vowel comes between the l- d

or r- d . In such cases , the strokes must be written

in full ; thus an. paled, but W " pallid; bowled,

but ballad; paired, but parried;

106 . The forms A mp, y a,ng, cannot be halved to

express the addition of t or d, unless they are hooked

initially or finally ; thus ( 5 ,

slumber, slumbered,

The double consonants ,Jlr, rr, cannot be halved

to indicate the addition of t or d, under any circum

stances , because the signs f'

R are utilized for the rep

resentation of ld and rd respectively. Write ist upward

( L3 salvationist, etc .

107. The halflength r - A . must never be written

alone, nor with final 8 only added. Words like

rate, writes , are, therefore; written in full .81


The final sound of rt is generally expressed by the halflength upstroke, while the final sound of rd is , as

a rule , expressed by the.

half- len downstroke; thus

part, pared, - ,lf dart, dared . Where

it is not convenient, however, to write W, the light

halflength upstroke may .

be employed for the ex

pression of the heavy sound ; thus C: lard,

Exercise 93.


GRAMMAmas .

a build- ing or able to; l‘told or till it, -

'l tried,

'

I toward or trade, Jdid not, -

J had not or do not,

chaired, 7 cheered, if it, that, without,

third,

sent,m somewhat, short, met

,

A meeting.

108. Inter intro or enter is expressed by v nt

joined or disjoined as may be convenient ; thus

interfere, interline,

introduce,

introspection,entertain

,v No enterprise.

109 . The suffix -ment is expressed ent, when

the sign a . will not join eas ily; thus

” My .commencement, resentment, pavement,

refinement; but a is written in words like

elopement, L5“ commitment 17

enjoyment,

Write several lines of each illustration .

m m vma PRINCIPLE . 83

Exercise 94 .


Exercise 95.


The delay of- the scheme and - the giving up oi - the first

proposal was - the cause of great resentment.

The supervision of- the te- arranged district was -

given

to- him in consideration of- his great ability.

I- am convinced that-my interposition is necessary

to remove - the misconception .

I- shall contrive to be present at the company’s meeting

to-morrow.

Be assured yowwill repeat the sound results achievedby thousands .

We see - the impending struggle, but with your help

woe- shall conquer, hard though- the task maybe .

We- tried to- find out- the extent of- his trade, but-we

did- not succeed.


PHRASEOGRAMS .

at any rate, L?” at all events ,97> at all

J“ at some time, at the same time,

v for some time,

Exercise 96.


C,

0 0 0 - 0 - n

THE HALVING PRINCIPLE . 85

Exercise 97.


Mr. Edward Hindley,Sandford, Ill .

Dear- Sir :

In- reply- to-

your- favor of- the 3oth ult.,

we would

say that- we- are, at- all- times , willing to - replace any-

part

of a bedstead which- may- be- found damaged on - delivery,if- it- is quite- clear that- the fault is ours . You- may- rest

assured that all - our bedsteads are built of- the finest steel

and iron, and- that every care is taken to see that- the goods

are right when sent out of- the factory. At—the- same—time,

it- may happen, from- time- to- time, that some latent flaw

maybe discovered when a bedstead has left our p lace,

imwhich- case we- are- only too-

glad to remedy the defect,and- thus show our earnes t des ire to- turn out absolutely

sound goods . Please indicate the faulty part, and-we-will

forward one to- replace it.


LESSON 20.

THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE .

110. Curved strokes are doubled in length to ln

dicate the addition of tr,dr

, or thr (heavy) ; thus

knitters . The circle 3 at the end of a doublelength stroke is read last, as usual . (Write two or three

lines of each illustration in this and the following para

111. The doublelength f , when standing alone,

or with a final circle only added, is reserved for the

representation of light sounds ; thus letter,

alter; words like ..A . leader, Kl, ladder,

fl . leather, being written as here shown . When initiallycircled and standing alone, l may be doubled for tr, dr,or thr; thus " s lighter or slider.

112. Straight strokes with (a) an initial circle,

(b) a final hook, (c) a finally-joined diphthong, or

(d) following another stroke, are doubled in length to

indicate the addition of tr, dr or thr; thus

rafter, powder, captor.

113. The character A is doubled in length to express

the addition of r; thus pamper, temper,h . chamber; while the character v is doubled in lengthto indicate the addition of kr or gr; thus ML shrinker

,

( Y . longer. It is , however generally more con

venient to use the signs A and v in verbs , be

be readily halved for the past tense ;

THE DOUBLING PRINCIPLE . 87

quered. The hooked forms v A may be doubled in

(x lingerer, [2lumber, lumberer.

114 . In very common words , where there is no

likelihood of clashing, it is allowable to make a stroke

double length to express the addition of - ture; thus

k }. feature, - c—s i j

signature, picture.

115 . Final tr, dr, or thr, when followed by a vowel

,'

must be written, and not indicated by doubling; thus

flatter, but flattery; " u cinder, but

cindery; signature, butW signatory.

116 . When the present tense of a verb is written with

the doublelength principle, the past tense is written

with the halflength principle thus matter,

( “I mattered; ponder, pondered; canter,

q cantered, winter, wintered; loiter,

117. Double - length doumstrokes have only the third

position, through the line ; thus plunder, splen

dor, Double- length horizontal letters take two positions only; thus matter

,

counter.

Double- length upstrokes may be written in any of the

three positions , in accordance with the rules governing

the position of outlines .

Exercise 98.



THE DQ UBLING PRINCIPLE . 89

Exercise 100.

Write in Shorthand.

1. If- this - is - the spirit in-which-

you speak of- the secret,

it—won’t- be long ere it- is - known to all.

2. You- are wonderfully outspoken, and - not a yard will

I- move until Is ee-

you under- the care of- the inspec

tor.

3 . If-

you- can introduce a competent entertainer, I

will instruct the committee to pay himwell .

4 . In -

your magnificent self- esteem you forget- the magnitude of-

your self- imposed task.

PHRASEOGRAMS .

120. In accordance with the preceding rules, the

doubling principle is employed in phraseography for

the indication of the words there, their; thus (a) In stroke

as m in their, can be there,

upon their, has to be there; (b) In out

lines that are not logograms as .k / I have seen.

their.

w BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND .

Exercise 101.


“um “ /\f|v

Exercise 102.


Mr.John Henderson,Nome, Alaska.

Dear- Sir :

We- have-

your- letter of- March 24th, and -we- shall

order- the cylinder bolts from- the factory before- there- is

time for- the- other parts of- the machinery to—come for

ward. We—know- there- is an extra rush of- orders justnow,

but- we- think- there- is - no likelihood of-

your- order being

delayed . If- there- is - the leas t indication ofs uch a thing

we-will- see to- it that less press ing jobs are put as ide, so

that nothing shall hinder the finishing of-

your gold mining

machinery by- the promised date .

Very- truly-

yours ,

LESSON 21.

VOCALIZATION OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS.

121. TO Obtain a good outline, the double con

sonants Of the pl and pr series may be employed even

though an accented vowel comes between the two

consonants . If the intervening vowel is a dot vowel,

it is expressed by writing a small circle AFTER the

consonant stroke, for a long or shortvowel; thus L dark,

An intervening dash vowel, or a diphthong, isexpressed by writing the vowel or

I

diphthong sign

THROUGH the consonant stroke ; thus "Y“

Baltimore,

mixture. When, however, an initial or a final

hook or circle would interfere with the intersection of

the vowel- sign, the latter may be written at the BEGIN

NING Of the stroke for a first- place vowel or diphthong,and at the END for a third-

place vowel or diphthong; .

thus 37.

—Vcorporal,

-?f: figuration; also when the

general rule Of placing the circle is awkward Of appli

cation,the circle may be written before the stroke ; thus

123. The methods Of vocalizing the double conso

nants provide the writer with an additional means of

distinguishing words in - tor from words in - ture; thus

GRAMMALOGS .

School, e. schooled.


VOCALIZATION OF DOUBLE CONSONANTS . 93

sive talents,and a judicious distribution of- the literature

Iawill send you, will soon encourage a return of- the formerextens ive sales . Please call here ou- Thursday to—Sign- the

agreement.

Yours - truly,

CONTRACPIONS .

commercial, h e financial, especially,

uninfluential,

substantial ly,“

H; unsubstantial- ly,

l controversy- aid , f circums tance

,

[d circumstantial, m immediate, ~ f immediately,

3 prejudice- Cid .

124 . (a) Before the circled letters0 (

1o o/

in is expressed by . a small hook, written in the

same direction as the circle ; thus inspiration,

.t ins tructor, K " inscrutable, A . inhabit.

(b) The small hook for in is never used in negative

words , that is in words where in has the signification

Of not. In all such cases in must be written with the

stroke n,

as hospitable, inhospitable,

inhuman.

125 . The suffix -mental,mwntally, or -mentality is

expres sed by disjoined mnt; thus in . ins trua

mentally- ity.

Exercise 105.


l .

z/v

A M

94 am com o r anon-mum.

A s

v“ L

126 . Any unimportant word such as the, of, or, etc .,

may be omitted in a phraseogram ; thus for (the)

sake (of) , ff more (or) les s

, side (by) side,

etc . It is well to vocalize him (so that it may not clash

with me) in such phrases as before him, to

him,etc .

PHRASEOGRAMB.

Ti l -

f l am directed to state,

W i

l—f I am ins tructed to state.

F, I am requested to state,L/deliver immediately.

Exercise 106.


f ’

l ‘t F AA/“Ls

.

h

g\: {i

w 22w

vocm zx'rrox or DOUBLE CONSONANTS . 95

. fi

Exercise 107.


It- i s especially important that-you- should

goods immediately

The unsubstantial nature of- the commercial traveler’s

resources rendered his chances hopeless .

The circumstances attending- the controversy were far

from pleasing to- him.

Please- note that- the- present order came through- the

instrumentality of Mr.- Smith, and - is supplemental

to- the one we received yesterday.

Dear- Sir

In—reply- to-

your- letter of- the l 6th inst. I- am

directed- ta s tate that- there- is - no such policy holderon our books . Very careful examination has - been

made, and- i t-must—be that your clerk was in error.

Respectfully-

yours

Gentlemen

I- am- requested to ask if-

you- can deliver- imme

diately at our central depot in New York, three

of-

your No . 4 Bicycles , fitted with Coaster Brake,and to ask, if-you

- are unable to arrange this , upon

what date you- could make delivery?

Yours - truly,


nrpnomc on TWO- VOWEL src . 97


6 . Such a policy would- be ruinous to- our firm and leadto disagreeable circumstances .

7. The matter of- the Gaiety Theatre is - to be left in abeyance .

8 . Kindly re- arrange the terms and see to- the te- insurance

of- the theatrical costumer’s premises withoutdelay.

9 . The bestowal of- these honors upon- the principal of

the college and- his coadjutor, Mr. Lewis Owen, has

given great- pleasure to all- their pupils .

CONTRACTIONS .

passenger, danger, dangerous , stranger,

messenger,N manuscript, understand

,

\.r understood whenever, K whatever,

transcript, R transcription,

transfer. (The letter n is frequently omitted in the

prefix trans .)

128. Negative words which begin with ii im in

or un are distinguished from the positive by re

peating the first consonant; thus 4 . legible, illeg

noxious ,

It? innoxious ; known, unknown .

Negative words commencing with ir may generally

be distinguished without repeating the r; thus A reso

lute, fbb’k. irresolute . But it is sometimes necessary

to repeat the consonant ; thus redeemable,

irredeemable.

129. The suffix - ly is generally expressed by

ioined or dis joined, as may be convenient ; thus

98 BRIEF cormsn m SHORTHAND.

.fs“sf

.Ear. sweetly, friendly, absolutely, “

S/fidently. The l hook may sometimes be used in words

ending m - ly; thus deeply, actively.

Exercise 109.


Ha

j

PHRASEOGRAMS .

f I regard, I regret,115 I do notunderstand,

your esteemedfavor,

esteemed favor, reply to your esteemed favor.

Exercise 110.

Read, copy, and transcribe

mrnomo on TWO- VOWEL SIGNS. 99

$V L -

l.

y fl D-

fi‘ kg , a

Exercise 111.

1 If- the instructor destroys the instruments , he-maycause irreparable mischief .

2. The transmission of- the transcription proved more

dangerous than- the stranger expected .

3 . I - understood that- the- transfer of- the stock was -maded l - the- end of- last September.

4 . The Victoria Chemical Co .

,

Brooklyn, N . Y .

In- reply- to- your- esteemed - favor of-

yesterday, the

on whywe returned you - the barrel of zinc sulfatewas because analysis showed that- it-was -not equal

to- our sample, and was , therefore, quite useless to us .

We—do- not- understand why it- was sent, since we

presume you were aware that such a standard wouldnot suit our purpose d l - all . Please send us another

exactly what we ordered


“w”AND“Y”DIPHTHONGS . 101

132. In proper names , the left semicircle is prefixedto downward l

, as an abbreviation for wt thus

133. The joined initial. se

g

micircle is always readfirst, so that the abbreviated form of w cannot be

employed in words commencing with a vowel ; com

pare - 2: wake and awake; wake and

CONTRACTIONS .

better than, rather than, rather or writer,

perform- cd, performer,

performs - ance,

reform- cd, /\r \ reformer,

thankful, (h thanksgiving.

Exercise 112.


102 nnmr cormsn IN SHORTHAND.

Pnns snoanm s .

I have to informyou,

please quote us , " i :please letme know,

"

if," please let us know, m3 . please note,

please forward.

Exercise 113.

Write in Shorthand

1. We-must warn- the workman not to- make- the washers

too tight.

2. They did their best to assuage the pain,but- thewoman’

s

weakness rapidly increased .

3 . Pleas e-

quote- us for 5 ,550 copies in typewritten fao

simile of- the enclosed circular.

4 . Please - let- us - know when you- can deliver- the fifty bales

of cotton, which- are still due .

5 . Mr . Wm. Bryon,

Milton,Mass .

Dear- Sir :

In- reply- tovyour- esteemed - favor of- the 8th,‘

I

have- to- inform-

you that- the sale of- the property te

ferred to takes -

place on - the 26th ins t. If-

you

des ire further- particulars in- addition- to- those given

in- the catalog enclosed, I shall- be-

glad to furnishthem. Pleas e- note that- there- i s - no present- intention

of disposing of- the hotel in Royal Avenue. I

can, bowmer, inform-

you of- some very-

good hotel

property which- is for- sale, if-

you care to speculate

in- that- direction Yours - very- truly,

134 . (a) Accomr is represented by a joined or dis

joined k; thus Tl) accommodation,

(b) The termination - logical - ly is expr

joined j; thus mythological .

“w”AND“if”DIPHTHONGS . 103

CONTRACTIONS .

proficient- cy- ly, lr/deficient- cy- ly,

cy- ly, w inefiicient- cy- ly, U sufiicient- cy- ly,

‘

U insufiicient- cy- ly, Y observation, Y preserva

tion, C. electric, 5;

electrical, electricity,

inconsiderate, j selfish- ness, 7

°unselfish- ness .

Exercise 114 .


Write in Shorthand.

5 . For- the accommodation of- its readers , a medical

journal of international repute conducted a series

of weekly dis cussions as to- the progress of civiliza

tion from a biological and ethnological viewpoint.

6 . The Psychological Review,

”

for- the preservation

of- its large circulation, has introduced among sev

eral features a department to- be devoted to- the elec

trical trade .

7. You-will - see, therefore, that your conclusions are bothinconsistent and inconsiderate, and- we- trust you

will acknowledge- the inconsistency of-

your pos ition

now that our uns elfishness has - been sufiiciently provedto-

you.


PREFIXES AND surrrxns REVIEWED . 105

PHRABEOGRAMS .

1 ll early consideration, further consideration,

considered, take (taken) into con

sideration, hall be taken into consideration,

as soon as convenient, in consequence,

1/ and the contrary,

I

l/on the contrary,

T). to the contrary, at your early convenience

,

general manager, W yours sincerely,

The prefix con may be omitted in any phrase similar

to the foregoing.

Exercise 115.


O 0 0 0 0


Exercise 116.

The Downes ck Plewes Co., Inc .,

Congress St., Brooklyn, N . Y.

On further- consideration I - have- decided to- accept

your- ofier of- the premises in Sycamore Avenue, sub

jcet to possession being given by- the l st September.

Perhaps you-will give early- consideration to- the pos

sibility ofthis being arranged, and let me know your

decision as - soon- as - convenient. I - em- obliged to stipulate for- this condition in- consequence of- having to va

cate my present premises by- the date named . I

must ask- you to- take- into- consideration also the factthat I - shall -be- obliged to- make several alterations beforethe premises are exactly suitable for- my- requirements .

Trusting to- receive a reply at- your- early- convenience,Yours -s incerely,

136. (a) The suffix - ing is generally expressed by the

stroke v,and - ings by but when the stroke

is not convenient, - ing is expressed by a light dot,and - ings by a light dash.

(b) The endings - al ity, - i lity, - arity, etc ., are indicated

by disjoining the stroke preceding the ending.

(0) The termination - logical- ly is expressed by a dis

joined 1.

(d) The suffix - ment is expressed by V ent, when the

sign a will not join easily.

(e) The suffix - menta l, - mentally, or -mentality is ex

pressed by disjoined r : mnt.

(f) The suffix - ly is generally expressed by joinedor dis joined, as may be convenient. The l hook

may sometimes be used in words ending in

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES REVIEWED. 107

The sufiix - ship is expressed byJjoined or dis

joined, as may be convenient.

The terminations -fulness, - lessness and - lousness

are expressed respectively by disjoined\o fs and

/° ls .


W

K never,4 4 nevertheless ,

\l’ notwithstanding,

i ,enlarge, enlarged, probable

- ly- i lity,

practice, practise- d, practicable- ly,

imperfection, f satisfaction, tf/ satisfactory,

W unsatisfactory.

PHRASEOGRAMS .

\i I have concluded, (P? satisfactory conclusion,

unsatisfactory conclusion, ”

do . under the circum

stances ,\s best of my ability, Y\best of our ability,

\o\\best ofyour ability, best of their ability.

Exercise 117.


3 . J h a s


PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES REVIEWED . 109

Exercise 119.

Mr. George Manning,

St. Paul, Minn .

Dear- SirIn - rep ly

- to- your- favor of-

yesterday, would- say

that-wemever hesitate to—replace a machine which does

not give complete satisfaction . Nevertheless , Where

practicable we like to as sure ourselves that- the- imper

fection was present when- the- machine left our hands .

A s a rule, this - is very improbable, because-we- take every

care to insure an absence of imperfection in every machine

bentraut. It-is satisfactory to us to know that- you- will

not permit this accident to interfere with your friendshipfor our firm. We flatter ourselves that- you- recognize

us as practical men, who- have always practised straight

forward business methods .

Respectfully-

yours ,

LESSON 25.

OMISSION OF CONSONANTS AND FIGURES.

137. In order to obtain more facile outlines, certain

medial consonants may be omitted, as follows :

(a) P between m and t, or between m and sh; thus“Rs

prompt, stamped, "Aka redemption,

$33 " presumption .

(b) T between the circle 8 and another consonant;

thus ~

§o~

postage, j: postage stamp, post

pone, testimony.

(c) K or g between ng and t or sh; thus adjunct,


mistake,

1 justification, ofL organization,“C relinquish- cd,

Exercise 120.

Read,copy, and transcribe.

mistaken,La domestic,

characteristic, l description,

generalization, organize- d,

extinguish- ed, ll" distinguish- cd,

covenant, 1 govern - cd,

omSSION or CONSONANTS AND n am e . 111

Exercise 121.

1 We read in- the new magazine that- the- government

has relinquished- the claim to control the domestic

policy of- the ruler and- there- is justification for- it.

2. The distinguished speaker in- his generalization

summed up- the character of- the organization with

characteristic ability, though- we- think he-was mis

taken inr-his condenmation of- the recently Signedcovenant.

3 . Mr. Charles Warner,

Cleveland, Ohio .

Dear- Sir

Your- favor of- the 4 th is at hand . We- considerBarnes

’offer almost a presumption . At- any

rate, it- i s—no temptation to us to- sell, and- we

have promptly declined it. Pleas e use the strong

est efforts to secure Anderson’s order. You


OMISSION OF CONSONANTS AND FIGURES. 113

m N Lb

Exercise 123.


1. The resignation of so capable a man has - been a great

disappointment to- the-members .

2. I - understand he- is indignant at- the treatment given

to- his late antagonist.

3 . He- thinks - the committee are incapable of-making sufficient atonement for- their conduct.

The cotton marketed since September 1 exceeds12% million bales . The actual production cannot

have- been far short of bales . Spin

ners’takings from September 1 to June 2 amount

ed to of-which were Brit

ish, Continental, etc .

,and

American and Canadian . It- is computed that

the-

present supply, Visible and invisible, amounts

to bales . The prospects for next year

appear to be anywhere between and

bales , but it- is - impossible to predict

more closely than this .

LESSON 26.

COMPOUND WORDS AND INTERSECTIONS.

139. Compounds of here, there, where, etc ., are written

as follows :

hereat, hereto, .X herewith,

thereto, therewith, . .L . therein, thereon,

whereat, .f/f whereto, .A whereof,

CON'rRAc

'rIONS .

discharge- d, Jdispleasure, tl'\ dissimilar,

expend iture,“X expensive,

—sls extravagant

- cc, M manufacture- d,

manufacturer,“Jintelligent, 7 intelligence,

Exercise 124 .


COMPOUND WORDS AND INTERSEcrIONS. 115

( L.

5 .

Exercise 125.

Write in Shorthand.

l We- have- your- letter of- the first- instant, and - the ao

counts therein referred to are enclosed- here

with.

2. We—call your attention thereto, and entrust the con

sideration thereof to - yourself and partner.

3 . Please- note- that- the-

goods named in—the- order enclosedherewith must- be delivered forthwith .

4 . Mr . Abraham Samuels ,St. Louis , MO .

Dear- Sir

Will- you let- us give you information Wherewith

you- can save from twenty to fifty per

- cent. in-

your

Billing and Order Department? The information

ofiered herewith is yours for- the asking. See slip

attached hereto . Would thank-

you for an acknowl

edgment.


COMPOUND WORDS AND INTERSECTIONS . 117

department; for Journal; for company; for

authority; for society; for railroad; for

an anged m nt; etc . ; as political

question, AC Bank of New York, National Bank,

my attention has been called, I ask attention,

wagon department, s hipping department,

VA Pitman’s Journa l, Journal of Commerce,

The Jones Publishing Co.

,

local authority, medical authori ties ,

mL-Q: dramatic society, Pennsylvania R.R.

,

-C74 “ South Carolina R.R.. .5 Z. I shall arrange,

I have arranged, please make arrangements .

When the direction of the strokes will not allow of inter

section,the second stroke may be written close to or

under the first ; as V 3 Knox cf: Co.

Exercise 126.


1 The party leaders are to-meet to- morrow- evening

to- make- arrangements for- the coming election .

2. The manager of- the State Bank writes to- the“En

gineering Journal, calling attention to- the new

savings department.

3 . The New York Publishing Co.,has issued a new catalog

of- iits works .

4 . The medical authorities declare the port absolutelyfree from- the plague .

The Baltimore Musical and Dramatic Society gives

its first entertainment of- the season to-morrow- even

118 BRIEF cormen IN SHORTHAND.

6 . A big increase is reported in- the trafi c returns ofthe Missouri Pacific Railway.

7. I -will arrange- the matter as I - have arranged it be

CONTRACTIONS .

‘f’interested,

V

T uninteresting, Ly disinterested- ness,

applicable- ility,b astonish- cd-ment,

certificate,

Exercise 129.

Mr. R . Mason,

Toronto, Can.

Dear- Sir

Referring to- the individual who called

respecting an investment, it-may interest- you to know

that- we- have dis covered, to- our astonishment, that- the

man has since left- the country. We-were- told by a per

fectly disinterested person that—the stranger had had

a far from uninteresting career. We- now see- the ap

plicability of- his remark about not having all - your

eggs in one basket,”

though-we—could not maked tapplicable to- his business at- the- time. We—will let

you know if-we hear anything- further about- him.

Respectfully-

yours,

PHRASEOGRAMS .

‘Lo just possible, A just received 1 last week,

this week, q ; nes t

COMPOUND WORDS AND IN'mns nc'nONs . 119

Exercise 130.

Read, copy, and transcri be.

s yn -Km »

WM L n Br

a

Exercise 131.


Mr . S. Webb,New Orleans , .

La.

Dear- Sir

We- have- just- received a cable informing us that

the-

goods you- wrote about lastweek have- been shipped

and maybe expected here ai—the- end of next- week.

Las t- month’s sales , it- appears , were unusually heavy,

and - there- was a little delay in Obtaining exactly the ma

terial required. Our correspondents inform us also that

ii - is just-

possible that- prices will rise, and- that instructions

must- be- sent immediately if- they- are to- forward a furthersupp ly at-

present rates .

Yours - truly,


DISTINGUISHING vowms AND OUTLINES . 121

tion willbe valuable to us in- the- main, that- we

may emp loy them to- the benefit of- ourselves and others ,

and- that- they-willbe readily available on occas ions

of necessity. No matter how apposite the arguments

may appear which- are adduced to- move us froman opposite Opinion, we should- be as adamant in- the

face of any demand upon- the feelings , which- our reason

does - not sanction.

CONTRACTIONS .

L?

demonstrate, D1 remonstrate

,

”

1 ministry,

K/x familiar- i ty, w preliminary, Q a singular,

indispensable-

y.

Exercise 133.


1. It- is singular that- they should choose such a time to

demonstrate their strength.

2. The original owner was a very singular individual,

who never indulged in familiarity with anyone.

3 . Mr. Richard Young,

Milwaukee, Wis .

Dear- Sir

Replying to-

your- favor of- the 1st inst., the

original of- the document to-which-

you- refer

, maybe- seen here after a preliminary examination of

your credentials . This - is an indispensable con

dition, and- i t-i s singular that- you- should- not- be

familiar with- it. The circumstances would appear

to show that- you- are a stranger in - this district. We

shall- be-

pleased, however, to see-

you whenever you

Yours - truly,


142. There are some words which have outlines

of their own; that is , they are readily recognized

by their distinctive forms , which it is difficult to

read for any but the words they are intended to

represent. The following are examples of such words :

instincts , LY};disqualifles , up “ distinction

,

pronounce, 7 A . miserably, W fortunately.

143. The following list of similar words , distin

guished by a difference of outline,is selected from the

longer list given in Pitman’

s Shorthand Instructor .

”

petrify, putrefy; pas sionate ,

patient; purpose

perhaps ; appropri ate ,

propriety, purport;

preparation;

provide, prosecute,

M m persecute;

detriment- al,

‘ Lfl

' editor; courage,

— 4 carriage; factory;

favored, favorite; staid, steady;

considerate, considered; A ) impassioned,

A f t. impatient; ,unavoidable inevitable;

learned (verb) , (f

regard, - .

I regret. Pure and poor, and derivatives of these words are written in the third position

and are distinguished thus : pure,

pureness ; poor,

poorness .

propose,

property,

\m appropriation,

pervade;

X3 prosecution,.v

—Q persecution;

determined;

defray) [4 ° defer;

DISTINGUISHING VOWELS AND OUTLINES . 123

Exercise 134 .

Write in Shorthand The distinguished words are printed

in SMALL CAPITALS .

1. PERHAPS you PROPOSE to accomplish your PURPOSEin- another- way.

2. The presence of- the ladies will- PROVIDE an air of

quietness that- is sure to- PERVADE - the.whole con

ference .

3 . I- fear- the PROSECUTION has become a PERSECUTION ,

and- that- they PROSECUTE the case now rather to

PERSECUTE the UNFORTUNATE man than to- secure

justice .

4 . The STEADY COURAGE of- the STAID student in stop

ping the CARRIAGE won—the admiration of- the

FACTOR,and- the youth is - now engaged at- the

FACTORY .

5 . We—were- FAVORED with an IMPASSIONED address

from our FAVORITE speaker, who, IMPATIENT at

what- he CONSIDERED- the want- of CONSIDERATEtreatment by- the mayor, gave us a rousing dis

course .

CONTRACTIONS .

indescribable, i — A indiscriminate

,

O‘

K sensi

ble- ly- ility, peculiar- ity, perpendicular,

proportion- cd, proportionate- ly,

.K. establish- cd- ment.

Exercise 135 .

Write in Shorthand.

(a) Dear- Sir : The peculiar novelty about which-

you

inquire is Simmy indescribable in a letter,as we- are per

petually informing inquirers . We- have- just established a

branch in New York,where you

- can inspect- the article

at any- time. Respectfully-

yours .



fi/

Exercise 138.

Write in Shorthand

Mr. W. C . Shaw,

Memphis, Tenn .

Dear- Sir

In- reply- to -

your inquiry with- regard- to our special

grade index cards , we- enclose—herewith several samples

with prices marked on each. Having- regard- to—the

fact that- you- are likely to- take large q uantities , we

have-

quoted-

you very- low-

prices . With- reference - to

your observations as—to- the extension of- the system, we

may- say that-we- have- received letters from all parts

of- the country assuring us that- it gives the utmost

satisfaction . We- shall—be-

glad to- hear further from

you iwrelation- to- the typewriter supplies for-which

we-Guoted-

you last-week.

Respectfully-

yours ,


Ex er c i s e 139 .

Ex er c i s e 14 0.

x 75 ° - r.N k

V M 290 3

S‘ “

M .


Ex er c i s e 14 1.



/v A

(54

“4 51 W

“1- 515 4 3 A IM IA .

f°

m F

J“ W

10 A,

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE . 131

n

Ji n x " 10. -v ,“ a .

N ‘

17wI u


BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE. 133

i

h

f\ E 0H

A Wmk.

C

f/W P,(

I \o

M M L .

V \NO


Ex er c i s e 139 .

k k wb L L

Ex er c i s e 14 0.


Ex er c i s e 14 1.

fax .


BUS INESS CORRESPONDENCE . 129

\1AL " fl/3 T “J a

t 5K) " x

5 L- . v.

V1:

—

f, " 1M " 25w .

0 3

-1.


/v A

V —

ftL L/T mow

. .

WW

I W

5 n “M uk d t I


n

LN A .

xn n u“

17w

Wp k ,


BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE 133

736 4 7}

A— o

4 M u ttn

‘\o

134 BRIEF COURSE m SHORTHAND .

low 25 U .

kN A O K at

( w



ADDITIONAL EXERCISES.

(No.

Dear- Sirs

We—have—duly to acknowledge receipt of-

your

letter (OD-

yesterday enclosing claim from Messrs .

Jones Brothers for $ 340, balance of- account.

We- cannot, in- any- fway, agree with- the contentions

you put forward, doubtless on- the instructions of

your clients , that- we- were-not justified in refusing

to- take delivery of- the- remainder of- lhe goods out

standing on- the 19 Contract. We- have frequently

written your clients,

as probably you-will- know, stat

ing our inability to- take delivery owing to- our cus

tomers , in diflerent parts of- the world, rejecting shipments ou- account- of bad quality, and- not being to

sample, and - have further informed them that- the losses

we—have sustained, and - the allowances we- have- been

compelled to concede, by- reason—of- these rejections,

are such that- we should - have to- make a considerable

claim for damages and loss . These- we- have- now asoer

tained amount to $750.

Hence, we- regret, ice- cannot accede to-

your- request

far-

payment of- the balance said M e due .

Yours - truly,

(No.

Dear- Sir

In- accordance- amth—the request contained in- yours

of- the 9th- instant,we- have forwarded per parcel- post

samples of paper, envelopes, and other stationery,

and- trust that- you-will—be- able- to-make a selection

suitable to-

your- requirements .

137


We ask your special- attention to- our Manila goods ;

they- are of exceptional strength and value, thoroughly

reliable inf-all- respects , and, considering their fine

quality, the prices are strictly moderate . YmH oill

notice- that upon each sample quotations are given

for various quantities , but should you desire sta

tionery of special size or design,not included among

our samples , we- shall- be-

pleased to-

quote prices if

you-will kindly send particulars of-

your wishes . We

also make a specialty of envelopes and picture post

cards for advertising purposes , and- the specimens

we- have- sent will give you an idea of- the high standard

of—our productions .

We- have every facility for undertaking commercial

and general printing of all- kinds , and- enjoy a high

reputation in- London for first- class work, and are

prepared at any- time to- forward an estimate should

you so des ire, or if, as we-understand, your stationery

is supplied under a yearly contract, we- shall- esteem

it a favor if-wem y—be permitted to- submit our tender

for- the approval of-

your Directors .

Please retain these samples for future reference.

Assuring you of- our best endeavors to-

give every

satisfaction . Yours - faithfully, [240

(No.

Dear- Sir

Your- letter of- the loth- inst. regarding- the error

made by- the Railway- Co . in cons igning your bag

of icing sugar on 29th October, is to hand, and-we

are- very—sorry if our letter appeared to be anything

but sympathetic . We—have- not received a receipt fromthe Railway- Co . , but- there- ismo- doubt whatever that

it- was properly consigned as X.L . icing, and-we should

strongly advise you to-

press your claim art- the Rail

way- Co . There- is - really no mistake here over- the

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES. 139

second consignment. If- we- have- not already expressed

our regret for- the original blunder, please allow us

to- do- ao now, for- we certainly feel much annoyed

about it. Yours - truly, [126

(No.

I regret to see- the contents ofyour communi

cation oi - the 8th- instant relative to- the-manner in

which our new gas stove has - been received up to

the-

present in Baltimore and district, and- thank

you for drawing my- attention to- the-matter. Your

suggestion as - to a reduction in- the-

price willbe- con

sidered immediately, and you-will

,I - hope, soon be

given figures whichdwill- enable-

you to compete more

successfully with- the representative mentioned, if, as - is

stated by-

you, it- is - only the matter of- cost which

keeps buyers back.

The various orders you sent with your- letter are

being put in- hand immediately.

Yours - faithfully,

(No.

Dear- Sir

Replying to-your inquiry of- the 6th- inst. and

according- to information obtained from houses ac

customed to- deal with him,we learn that- the gentle

man referred to has ceased to—be as punctual as for

merly in meeting his engagements .

He- i s,we- are- informed, an intelligent and energetic

man of business, but- has recently joined in several

undertakings of a very speculative nature which- have

proved anything but remunerative. He- is , in- short,

reputed to- be overtrading his means with unjustifiableaudacity.


ADDITIONAL EXERCISES . 14 1

been closed for over a month . In- order- that- you shall

not- be- able—to- c laim that- you did- not receive due and

seas onable notice, I - have instructed that- this be served

ou -

you personally. I - shall wait three- days before

taking legal- proceedings to enforce payment.

Yours - truly,

(No .

Gentlemen:

Your- favor of- the 7th- inst. is received in- regard

to a certain cash register and glass cas e removed from

No . 4 3 Eas t 3l st Street which-

you claim as your prop

erty. In- reply would - say that if-

you- can give me

proof of- the fact that- the cash register and- the glas s case

which- were removed from said premises belong to-

you

or that-you- are entitled to- the possession oi - same,I

would- be-

pleased to see that- they- are returned to-

you .

If- convenient you-may- have one- of-

your representatives

call at-my ofiice any afternoon except Saturday with

proofs of ownership, etc .

,and - this -matter will - be

properly disposed of without any- further delay.

Hoping same is satisfactory, I- am

Yours - very- truly,

(No .

Gentlemen

Your- letter of- the N th- instant received and was

submitted to-my directors to- day. Before deciding,they- will require more particulars regarding- the prop

etty, showing- the exact location and a detailed val

uation . If- they-made a loan ofthis - kind they-would

certainly require repayments ou- the principal regularlyin- order- to reduce- the loan and keep- the margin main

tained provided there- should—be a decline in- the value

of- the property. Yours - truly, [75


(No .

We- are- in—receipt-of-

your- favor oi - the 17th- in

s tant, inquiring what our rates would -be on a bond

of im m ection—with furnishing- the supplies

to - the Board- oi - Education . Our rate for becomings urety ou- such a bond would - be $ 5 on- the bid. Inas

much- as —the Board- of- Education requires two sureties

to justify on contract bonds our charge for- such con

tract bond would - be one per- cent.

Hoping that- these rates may meet with your prompt

approval, we- are Very- truly-

yours, [90

(No . 11

Dear- Sir :

Rep lying to-

your- favor oi - the lOth- instant, we

enclose descriptive circular of- the equalizing springs

for automobiles , costing $ 50 per set of four springs

with all neces sary attachments .

We- claim this device to- be- the cheapest, simmest,and most durable shock absorber on- the market

,ah

s olutely preventing bumping and tossing without de

s troying- the resiliency of- the springs . It-will give us

pleasure to- send -

you references .

Hoping to—receive your valued order,we remain

Yours - very- respectfully,

(No .

Dear- Sir

A t- the- close of- the old year we addres s you with

the sincerest wi shes for- the new-

year, and beg to-

pre

sent for-

your- consideration the enclosed- list of-manu

facturers who-will offer for-

your inspection samples

of- their spring lines at our fourteenth exposition . Each

of- these factories has forsome weeks been engaged in- the

p reparation oi -

goods that give promise of excelling pre

vions efi'

orts in- each instance .

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES . 143

This immense addition to- the regular attractiveness

of New York as a market,will, we- trust

,suffice to

assure a visit from-you during- the progress of- our

Furniture Exposition, which-willbe open from January10 to 28, both inclusive . A great exhibition is prom

Respectfully yours , [120

(NO .

Your- letter of- the 30th ultimo is received and

careq y noted. We- had very strict orders from- the

Syndicate by cable a few- days - ago not to- sell at a dis

count to any manufacturer of potash salts who had

purchas ed goods from- the outside mine ; but, very

confidentially, we- have- since brought about an arrange

ment by-which-we- are quite certain that-we- shall—be

able- to protect you so—that-you-will get- the discount.

Pleas e state quantities ofeach kind _of- salt for

which-

you would like to contract for- the- coming five

years . Yours - truly, [100

(No .

Dear- Sir

Answering your card in- which-

you request that

we send-

you a catalogue and- all- other informationregarding our gas , electric, and combination fixtures

,

we most respectfully ask that- you call at our salesrooms

located at 88- 92 West Euclid Avenue,Where we

shall- be-

pleased to show yaw-the finest line of fixtures

carried by any Wholesale house in- this - city.

We- have- several catalogues that-we furnish to- the

plumbing and electrical - trades outside ofthis - city, but

we hardly think these- would - be of any as sistance to-

you .

Thanking you for- the inquiry,and hOping to- be- favored

with a call from- you at- the earliest possible date, we- beg

to- remain Yours -respectfully, [120


ADDITIONAL EXERCISES. 14 5

We- trust the misunderstanding regarding discount

will- not interfere with your favorable decision ; and

you have our assurance that,in placing- the business

before-you ou- the bas is proposed, we- have practically

contributed . our manufacturing profit to advertising

We- enclose- herewith a form of-

proposed contract

for-

your- consideration . Yours - very

- truly, [105

(No .

Gentlemen

A few-monthS- ago we purchased a set of-

your

Loose - Leaf Encyclopedia,”

and- we- have used it in

our office with a great- deal of satisfaction . We- have

found it accurate and up to date . The loose- leaf plan

is,without exception, the best under-which an encyclo

pedia can- be published and-not become old by- the time

it- is completed. Again, your editorial board, whichd is

at- the service ofyour subscribers, we- consider a most

excellent feature of-

your work.

We- have often thought that some such plan as you

have deviSed would- be adopted ; and-we—are-much

p leased that- the-work has - been brought out and- in so

complete a form. Yours - very- truly, [120

Dear- Sir

It- i s over a year since we- received- the request

from-you for information about this institution and

it- is - also some- time since- we- have- called your- attention

to- this - bank. HOping that- you-may still be interested

in financial matters , we ask that-you examine carefully

the two enclosures .

We strongly advise this form of investment for idle

funds because—of- its safety, convenience,

and- the per

manency of- the income.

146 BRIEF com m SHORTHAND .

(No .

wish to ask as a special favor that- you send us a

remittance not- later- than—the 12th instant. We- have

unusually heavy obligations maturing ou- the 15th ofthis - month, and- though—the amount due from- you is

not large itwill - be a decided help to- us at- this - time .

We- find it necessary to - round up every available dollar .

Kindly advise if- we- vmay depend upon you for- this

amount d l - this - time .

In looking over your- account for- the past few- months

it occurs to- as that- we- have- not- been getting our fair

share of-

your bus ines s . If- this - has - been due to any

failure or negligence ou-

‘

our-

part, we- hope -

you-will under

take to Show us the error of- our ways .

Yours - truly,

(No . 21

Dear- Madam:

In- response to -

your- request we- take- pleasure in

sending-

you our Style- Book, Showing- the newes t styles'

in spring and summer shoes .

There- ares ome decided changes fram- the models

of- las t-

year, as you- will- see when you tum - the pages

of- the book and look at- the illustrations . Vamps are

cut lower,tongues are more pointed, and- the Shoes

this seas on have a graceful , tailored look that- makes

them very attractive .

Kindly call on- the dealers whose names we give below

and ask to see- the Model Shoe . Have it tried on, walk

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES . 147

in- i t, feel how easy and comfortable it- is . Bend the

sole with your foot. Notice how correct the shoe is in

stylk then buy it. Once you wear our Shoe you-will

want it ever afterwards .

If our dealers cannot fit you, have them order your

Size from- us . Yours - truly, [150

(No .

Dear- Sirs

Referring- to your- letter of- the 17th, we- beg to

say we- have- just- received word from- the B Creelman

Wire- Co. in- reference- to black wire cloth and beg- to

quote from- their- letter as - follows We

.

should-not

like to-

promise you any special date for- the shipment

ofthis,but would- say in five- or- six weeks . A s we

mentioned before,the painting ofthis black cloth is

a matter of- special inconvenience ton s .

”

The manufacturers are very busy at- present on green

wire cloth and- they- do-not want to- run black cloth

as -Jit-will upset them considerably in- the factory. We

presume they- would-not- be—able- to get this cloth out

for nine weeks,

and- no—doubt this - would- be too- late

for Messrs . Bartlet d: Seagram.

Yours - very- truly,

(No .

Dear- Sirs

We- take-

pleasure in calling your- attention to - the

enclosed- statement showing our steady growth.

Our location is convenient, having become- the center

of- the banking district of Chicago .

Being a strictly commercial bank, investments are

made in securities that are quickly convertible .

Our officers guarantee the personal courtesy and

consideration to-which every customer is justlyentitled.


GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACTIONS . 149

THE GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACTIONS.

Arranged in the order in which they are given in the

preceding pages .

all too or

owe or .Oh! I he,

I but.

LESSON 2. awe or ought, 1 who, (up)

by, bye, buy, be, to be, - .l at, I it,

.l. out.

LESSON 3 .I had

, I do, difierent—ce,

much, which, each, large,

come, go or ago, give- n.

LESSON 4 . half, if, K have, thank- ed,

think, youth, though, them or they.

I or eye, A how,

C

with,

what, would, saw,

so or us, see, ) was ,whose, Jshall, wish, Jusual- ly.

LESSON 6 .

o

as or has , 0 is or his , because,

itself, those, C: this , -g. . these or thus ,

me or my, A him or may, myself, 4 him

self, are, our or hour.

and, 1: (up) should, happy, up , put,

beyond,

LESSON 7. a first,

influence, influenced, w next,

any, v no or know, v f suggest- cd.


LESSON 8 . as his, o is as , 6 this is or

themselves , ourselves , specially, .31

. speak,

k several, (0

yes , 7high, ( 9house, we, way,

language or owing, v thing, "

v young,

thing, w nothing, N something, K or; your,

year.1

LESSON 9 . apply, people, by all,

able, belief or believe d, at all, I'

tell,

till, 7 delivered-

y, call, equally,

doctor, Dr .,1 dear, 1 during, dollar- s ,

for, "Km ,

over, k ever-

y, Q valuation,_Q .

_evil,other, more or remark- cd,

r\remarkable-

y,

n mere or Mr.,

nor, q , near, . 9 initial

ed- ly, from, A ll . very, i t . however, - l they

their or there, through or threw,

fore, principle or principal- ly, liberty, mem

ber or remember- cd, number—cd.

LESSON 10. 1 strength, 7 try, 1 truth,

true, 7 chair, cheer

, larger, 7 journal, .

children, I;

largely, c care,

Jpleasure, surprise, surprised.

LESSON 11. happen, upon, been,

had been, j done, “Jdown

, generally,

often, \9 Phonography, v phonographer,

phonographic, K» have been, within,

southern, northern.

GRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACTIONS. 151

LESSON 12. .

N“ approve, behalf, above,

out Of, advantage, difficult, L d iffi

culty,7

! which have, do

suggestion, lo

suggestive,

W one, opinion, altogether, together,

3 insurance.

LESSON 13 .

—

1architect- ure- al

,neglect- cd,

prospect, object- cd,’

subject- cd,7 \ex

pect- cd,V —K unexpected

- ly, A respect- cd

,

J\suspect- cd

,inspect- ed

- tion.

LESSON 14 . signify- ied- ficant,q“

canoe, signification, if: insignificant,“7”

nificance. S subscribe- d, $ 3 subscription,

balance, balances , "E" balanced, cl deliver

ance, 7 knowledge,

7

7

7 acknowledge .

LESSON 15 . f will, while,

taut- ce, A improve- d—ment, impossible, f'b im

proveS-ments , whether,

7

7

K unquestionable-

y,

( f yesterday, L January, February,7

1 November, \9 United States .

LESSON 16 . perspective,

productive, obstructive,

subjective, des tructive, respective,

X irrespective, retrospective, respec

tively, l’ defective, executive.

LESSON 17 N11

abstraction, obstruction,

S subjection, y objection

, destruction,

(V

uniform- ity- ly, W unanimity- ous, Revd.,


CRAMMALOGS AND CONTRACTIONS . 153

LESSON 23 . etter than, rather than,

rather or writer, perform- cd,W per

former, performs - ance, reform- cd,

reformer,

reformation,

V

K inform- cd,

informer, information, “é. thankful ,

G thanksgiving, V proficient- cy

- ly, lr/ deficient

cy- ly, U efficient- cy

- ly,‘

U inefiicient- cy—ly,

U sufiicient- cy- Iy,‘

U insufficient- cy- ly,

Y Observation, Y preservation, C. electric,

Q Electrical, Cf electricity,

7

17 inconsiderate,

selfish- ness , 79unselfish- ness .

LESSON 24 .

7

1 never,‘k nevertheless ,

‘l’ not

withs tanding, 7"

enlarge,‘P enlarged, prob

able - ly- ility, practice or practise- d, practic

able, imperfection, g satisfaction, 77

factory,7

? unsatisfactory.

LESSON 25 . 1-77. mistake,

7“mistaken

,

domestic,

character,“7 7 7

characteristic,

description, justification, Jgeneralization,

\a organize-d , M organization, 1 extinguish- ed,

ls- f distinguish- cd,f t, relinquished,

“

k covenant,

govern- ed, government, magnetic- ism

,

captain, capable,V_\incapable, ap

pointment, tL,disappointment, L: attainment or

atonement, I entertainment, La contentment,

v indignant- ation, resignation, antagonist

ic- ism,inscribe- d, 33 inscription, T, instructive,

l. instruction.

BRIEF COURSE IN SHORTHAND.

discharge-d, Jdispleasure,

expenditure,7

S expensive,7

1

k extraordinary

7

1. extravagant- cc, N manu

manufacturer,‘

7 intelligent,

advertised -ment,

154

LESSON 26 .

facture- d,

.7 intelligence, intelligible,“k individual ,

‘f’interested

,

V

T

applicable- ility,

certificate , contingency.

LESSON 27 L?

demonstrate, N 11

remonstrate,7

?ministry, e familiarity, v7

preliminary,

b singular,“he indispensable- ly, R indescribable,

p indiscriminate, sensible- ly- ility, pe

culiar- ity, perpendicular , proportion- cd,

proportionate- Iy, K establish- cd-ment.

iv\r

inves tment,7

7 interest,

uninteresting, L? disinterested

)v as toniSh- ed-ment,

GRAM ALOGS . 155

GRAMMALOGS.

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY .

cannot

care

cared

cart

chair

chaired

cheer

cheered

chfld

children

Christian - itycircums tanc e

circumstan- oi

)

"

cold [cescome

constitution

al - ly

could

dear

deliver - cd -

ydeliverance

differen ce

difficult

do

doctor, Dr.7

dollar, dollars

done

down

during

each

eh


GRAMMALOGS . 157

Spirit

strength

subject- ed

sub jec t ionsub jectivesuggest

- cd

sugge stion

sugge stive

sure

surprise

surprised

tell

thank ed

that

the truth

their

them

themselves

there

therefore

these

they

thing

think

third

this

under

United Statesmup

upon

us

usual - ly

valuation

very

was

way , we

J. .

Q

what

When

WhetherWhich

While

Whither

who

whose

Why

will

wishWith

With in

Without

Wond erful - ly

Word

Would

yard

ye

year

yes

you

young

your

youth

youths

158 LIST OF CONTRACTIONS.

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.

The following list contains also the Contractions

which appear in Pitman’s Shorthand Instructo r.

”

abandonment baptize - d - st- ism

abstraction benevolent- cc

abstractive benignant- ity

acknowledge

acknowledged—N 4 . ” bondsman

Calvinism

administrative

administrator

certificate

agriculture

altogether

amalgamate

amalgamation

antagonist- ic

anything [ismapplicable

- flity

appointment

arbitrary

arbitrate

arbitration

arbitrator

archbishop

architect- ure - al

aristocracy- atic

as s ignment

atonement

ausp icious

bankruptcy

characteristic

circumstantial

commercial

contentment

contingency

controversy- ial

covenant [tioncross examina

danger

dangerous

defective

defi cient- Cy

degeneration

delinquency

delinquent

democracy- atic

demonstrate

demonstration

denomination - a].

depreciate - d

depreciatorydescription

destructive

destructively

diffi cul tydignify - iod - ty

discharge- d

11888

disproportion - cd

disproportionate

disrespect

diss imilar

ecclesiastic - al

efficient- Cy

electric

emergency

enlargement

enlarger

enlightenment

CONTRACTIONS. 159

enthusias tic - ismEpiscopal

- ian- ismespecial

esquire

extemporaneousextinguish - ed

extraordinary

extravagant

ance

familiar - ity

immediate

imperfection

exchange - d

executive

executor

executrix

expect- cd

expediency

expenditure

Februaryfinan cial

govern- cd

government

henceforth

henceforward


nonconformity

Object- cd

obs curityobservation

organize - d

orthodox~y

parliamentarian

passenger

perform - cd

performs - on ce

perpendicular

perspective

philanthrop ist

phonographer

CONTRA CTIONS . 161

pre judice - d - ial

preliminary

Presbyterian- ism

production

productive

proficient- cy

pro ject- ed

proportionate

relinquish - ed

remarkable

prospectus

public

publication

publish - ed

publisher

ques tionableratepayers

recognizance

recoverable

reform ed

reformation

reformer


remonstrant

removable

represented

representation

representative

reproduction

reproductive

republic

republican

repugnance- ant

resignation

resp ectLCd

respectful

respective

respectively

responsible- ility

resurrection

retrospect

retrospection

retrospective

retrospectively

reverend

satisfactory

sens ib le - ly- ility

singular

something

stranger

stringency

subscribe - d

subscription

substantial

sufiicient- cy

susp ect- cd

thanksgivingthenceforward

together [tion

tribunal

tabernacle

unanimous

uncons titutional

unexpected- ly

uniform - ity

un influential

uninteresting

universal

universal ity

Universal ismuniverse

unquestionable

unsatisfactory

unselfi sh -mess

un substantial

unsuspected

unsympathetic

vegetarian

vegetarianism.

whatever

whenever

whensoever

whereinsoever

wheresoever

whithersoever

PHRASEOGRAMS .133

LIST OF PHRASEOGRAMS.

Not including the P hrases indicated in the ordinary typ e

given in p receding p ages .

ll" additional cost

lit—So additional expense

and if you shoul d be

1/ and the contrary

as we can

as soon as

as soon as convenient

as well as

£9 at all events

r" ° at all times9

Jat 01109 K nmfor their sake

M at some time N"

from first to last7° at the same tune

. .ikxzi‘

rom time to timeat your early convenience

V Bank ofNew York.further consideration

further consideredbefore him

before there is general manager

\_A host clas s V having regard to

best ofmy ability a bsi n Hazell CO.

Y\best of our ability he is the

best of their ability

best of your ability

Dear Sir

deliver immediate ly

Dramatic Society

W early cons ideration

W early replyw

t enclose - d herewith

N. . of the cas e

first class

how for some time

for the first time


PHRASEOGRAMS . 165

‘

N in the first place

fi n in this city(3 in which it is

it is said

“ AL it is the

—L-

‘

o\itmust beit woul d be

Jones Publishing Co.

please let me know

ff} Journal ofCommerce please let us know

please make arrangements

just poss ible

A just received_Knox 00.

m las tmonth

X referring to yours

lastweek respectfully yours

ff)

less and less h satisfactory conclusion

fi tJocal authority shall be taken into

A gn m edieel authorities

art entw Mondaymorning81111)n dep In

more and more side by side

more or less. .Cyé. South Carolina R .R.

my attention has been called take - n into consideration

National Bank this is

" x

ii?next time

d next week

1/on the contrary

party question

Pennsylvania RR.

Pitman’

s Journal

forward

please inform us

“

is:

as: pleas e note

please quote us

.

Qc* political party

referring to your favor

166 BRIEF COURSE m SHORTHAND .

this week“6 with nelation to

“1h.

. to go

Tuesday afte rnoon ( fig yesterday afternoon

under the circumstances

\.Q United States

on you are not

unsatisfactory conclusion

ve trul oursM ry,

y y.mzc you may as well

it . wagon departmentbe

0

. .W you mayA we are m a pos ition

eve you may notwe are sorry

you must receivem Wednesday evening" N ” you should be

what do youi

s you were not

when the

1” when they

A Y“Win1”

atl a what may be

why do you

N "why have you your esteemed favor

your favor

with much your reply

A s with reference to

f with regard to yours truly

yours respectfully

1

v s.

W

PRINCIPAL CITIE S. 167

FIFTY PRINCIPALACCORDING

Chicago an.) 4 — 1

Philadelphia (P

St. Louis (Mo.)

Boston (Mass )

Baltimore

Cleveland (Ohio)W .

Buffalo

San Francisco

Cincinnati (Ohio) “30

.

—

j

Pittsburg (Pa. )

NewOrleans

Detroit (Mich )

Milwaukee (Wis .) f :

Washington . .fi.

Newark 3 3 :

Jersey City (N.J " F"

Louisville (Ky. )

Providence (R I)

Indianapolis (Ind. - N..

Kansas City (Mo.mi

St. Paul (Minn.Lav

Denver (Colo.)

CITIES ARRANGED

POPULATION.

Toledo (Ohio)

Allegheny (Pa.)

Columbus (Ohio)

Worcester (Mass.) “fSyracuse

NewHaven (Conn . ) " Y uk

Paterson

Fall River (Mass )

St. Joseph (Mo. ) 31Omaha (Neb.)2 .

Los Angeles (Cal ) ”

fo

i l?

Memphis (Tenn.)M

k:

Scranton (Pa.)tr y

]

Lowell (Mass

Cambridge (Mass )

Portland (Ore.)M.

Atlanta (Ga. )JCT]Grand Rapids (Mich. ) “A

Dayton (Ohio)

Richmond (Va. )

Nashville (Tenn

Seattle (Wash .)“I .

Hartford (Conn. ) 1

Reading (Pa )


PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET. 169

THE PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET.

CONSONANTS.

Na na .Names .

pee P as in rape ef F as in safe

bee B robe vee V save

tee T ith TH wreath

dee D thee TH wreathe

choke es 8

fay J zee

lea? K vicious

gay G vision

em M

seen ar

ing NG raise

way W

yay Yhigh

VOWELS.

LONG . sign (heavy) SHORT. sign (light)

I ah I aw I 8

z z!

0

3 66 3 .3

bay. bee. as in (0

lass ,[0

less , A li'

s) ,

K low, fl 100. xboss.\’o bus.\o’ pussDIPHTHONGS.

V\pie. bough.

ow oi 12 rtoy, I. due.

z

SH JZ H JL f as in pan

R N

R

7 (

up ,down'

down.up

up ,down

GW WL WHL LR RR MP orMB WHC K 6 up f down down A V

INDEX.

The figures refer to the paragraphs , exceptwhere thepage is mentioned .

Additional Exercises- A lity,

- tlity,- arity, etc .

Al ternative forms for fl, fr, etc .

A rrange- d - ment expressed by intersectionAsp irate , The ; upward and downward H

added to wdot htick h

A ttention expressed by intersectionAuthorityB added to mBank expressed by intersectionBusiness Correspondence in ShorthandCapitalsCh and R— how distinguishedCircle 8 and z

8 added to shun hook3 used instead of st loop in phrases

Circles and loop s prefixed to initial hooksadded to final hooks

sw and 88

s , sw, and 83 m phrasingCities , Fifty p rincipalCompany exp ressed by intersectionCompound wordsCon com cog cum Prefixes

Prefix , omitted in phrasesConsonants

Joining of

Half- lengthDouble - lengthDouble

Names of

Vocalization of

CompoundVocalizat1on of

Table of Single and DoubleContractions and Grammalogues , List of

A lphabetical list of .

for States and TerritoriesD , indicated by Halving Princip le

D , half- sized , when disjoinedDepartment expressed by intersectionD iphonic SignsDiph

‘thongsPlaces of

pages 137 to 14 888 ,

139

81, 87, 135a , b

page 1052, 3 , 8 , 13 , 17

5 , 14

98 to 107110 to 11753 to 6 1

56

121 to 123

83 to 86

85 , 86

page 170

pages 14 9 to 154

pages 158 to 162

page 168

98 to 107, 113 , 116

99140

12723 , 24

23 , 24


INDEX.

Mp , Compound Consonanthooked initiallyDouble- lengthHalf- length

a a

a ( l

N and F hooksNegative prefixesN‘ph dooke

F

Double - lengthHalf- length

Nagr , ng kr, Doubledto add er

Nat expressed by Halving Principlens , nss , nat, netr , after a curve

Omission ofmedial consonantswords in phrasing

P added to mP , Omission ofParty expressed by intersectionPhonetic sp ellingPhonographic A lphabetPhraseogram definedPhraseograms , List ofPhraseographyPhrasing, Circles s , sw, and

Doubling Princip le in

Halving Princip le in

Omission of con in‘ °

words in

l l

137a1401

page 16928

pages 163 to 166. l 28

4 5120

103

page 105126

Place , First, Second , Third 6

Position , First 9 , 16a

Second 9

Third 9 , 21a

How afi ected by diphthongs 23 ,24

of double - leng th strokes 117

of halflength strokes 102

Short and long vowels equally afi ect 22

When unnecessary to observe 14 2

Prefixes 81, 135

Prefixes , Summary 135

Punctuation 11

R added to l and r 830mp by doubling 113

“hook to curved consonants 58

straight 54

“Half- length upward , not to stand alone 107“Upward and downward , Review of 96 , 97

rd and rt, Final 107

Railway exp ressed by intersection 140

Bar, Compound Consonant 830cannot be halved 106

when to use 85 , 97dRight curves for Fl , fr , etc 60, 61

8 , Stroke , when written 33 35 , 46 to 5 1


Self Prefix 118 135fSh, how written 15- Ship , Suffix . 93 , 136gShn preceded by a diphthong and a vowel 80Shr and Shl , how written 59Shun hook 78 to 80Similar words 14 3Society expressed by intersection 14 0Sound , Student to write according to 1

Sufi xes and Terminations 82, 88 , 93 , 109 , 119 ,

125 , 129 , 134 b 136Suffixes , Summary 136T indicated by Halving Pr

incip le 98 to 107, 116T, Half- sized , disjoined after t or d 99Omission of 137h

There, Compounds of 139or their indicated by Doubling Princip le . . 120

Tick the 37Triphone 25- ture, indicated by Doubling Princip le 114 , 123Vowels , First-

p lace long 16

Second 7Third 21

between two strokes 10, l 6b, 21b, 22bPlaces of 7Signs for consecutive 127Short 22

D istinguishing 14 1

Vowel aw joined initially 4 2

and diphthong, Consecutive 25

within as circle 4 3cannot be shown between letters expressed by a loop 4 7

indicationInitial or final , necessitates use of stroke consonant

5 , 72, 77, 84 , 85 , 101 115 , 133

unaccented short, Omission of 52

W, Abbreviated 131, 132

W diphthongs 130 to 133- ward, Contraction for 100- wart, 100

word in phrasing 103- wort, Contraction for 100

would in phrasing 103

Wh, Compound Consonant 83e

Where, Compounds of 139

Whl , Compound Consonant 83b

Wl 83b

Wl , whl how read 84

Y diphthongs 130 to 133- yard , Contraction for 100

Z and s circle 30 to 36

MAR 4 1315

PARTIAL LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

PUBLISHED BY

ISAAC PITMAN SONS

2West 4 5th Street, New York

TEXT AND SUPPLEMENTARY BOOKS.

Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand. C loth, embossed in gold,“0p A Course Of Forty Lessons in the Isaac Pitman Systemoi>

Shorthand, specially des igned for the Shorthand Amanuensisand adapted for use in Bus ines s Colleges , Academies . and HighSchools . This work is offi cially used in the High Schools of NewYork, Brooklyn , and other large cities .

A special Edition of Course ”is published in Leeson Sheet Form

for the use of teachers and schools who give instruction by mail.

Key to Course.

” C loth, 600. Al so in Lesson Form , 600.

Isaac Pitman’s Shorthand Instructor. C loth, embossed in gold,270pp . ,

An Expomtion Of Isaac Pitman ’

s System of Phonography. Containing instruction for both be

ginners and advanced

students with cOp ious beta of Phrases an Exercises , BusinessLetters , etc .

Key to Shorthand Instructor.

” cloth, 600.

Brief Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand. Cloth , gilt, 174 pp . ,

A condensed form of “Course ” arranged in Twenty- Seven Les sons .

Supplementary Exercises in Isaac Pitman Shorthand. Part I . Aseries of graded exercises for use With the “Course .

”260.

Preliminary Instructions for the.

Study of Isaac Pitman’s Shorthand.

A simp le and extended exposition of the Art as p resented in Coursein Isaac Pitman Shorthand.

”400.

Pitman’s Shorthand Writing Exercises and Examination Tests . Cloth,

gilt, 820 p p . , 600. This work contains exhaustive classified listsof words illustrative of every rule in the system, and over one hundred graduated sentence exercises in ordinary print for writingor dictation practice .

Ke‘vi g

Shorthand Writing Exercises .

” In Engraved Shorthand.

Practice Letters for Beginners in Shorthand. 61 pp . , 860. In ordinarytype . A new dictation book on unique lines , beginning Wi th the

first princip les and develop ing in harmonywith the authoritative text

books “Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthand,” “Brief Course ” andIsaac Pitman ’

s Shorthand Instructor.

”

1


dictation practice. Complete lis ts of the grammalogues (arranalphabetically and phonetically) and contractions (arranged alpbetically) are contained at the end of the book.

The Phonographic Phras e Book. 88pp . , cloth, 600. Con.

taining about two thousand useful p rases in.

Phono aphy , withKey and an exercise occupying 48 pages , contaimng a the phrasesas they occur in the book.

IsaacPitman’s ShorthandDictionary. 886 pp . , cloth, Library

Edition ,

”roan , gilt, colored edges , Tenth Edition, Revised

and enlarged , containing the Shorthand Reporting Outlines , beautifully printed from engraved characters , of over words and

geographical names , Wi th parallel Key in ordinary type .

Abridged Shorthand Dictionary. 282 pp . , cloth, gilt, Frenchmorocco , gilt, size 8 x 4% in. , Contains over words ,with their shorthand characters .

Cumulative Speller and Shorthand Vocabulary. Cloth, gilt, 146 pp

The Reporter’s Assistant. 182 p cloth, 600. A Key to the

Reading of the Reporting St.

e of Phonography. All the wordsin the dictionary , not excee ng three cons onants , were writtenin Shorthand , and from this extensive hst of outlines has been drawnall words that contain the same outline , and they have been clas sifiedaccording to their forms . Of great aid in reading one ’

s notes .

Technical Re rting. 60 pp . , cloth, 600. Comprising Phonoa bio Ab reviations for words and phrases commonly met with

in eporting Legal , Medical, Scientific , and other Technical Subjects ,with type key.

Practical Busines s Letters in Shorthand. 64 pp . , 800. A series ofBusiness Letters , in engraved Isaac Pitman'

s shorthand, and Keycontaining 76 lette rs .

Business Correspondence in Shorthand, Nos. 1, 2, 8, 4 , 6 , 6 and 7 40

pp . each . 260. each. A series of valuable books containinactual correspondence in various branches of business . Each boois Ke

yed in ordinary type and the matter counted for Speed p ractice

in eit er shorthand or typewriting. A comp lete list Of contents willbe sent on request.

N?" This work is also published in the following convenient forms incloth binding.

BUSINE SS CORRESPONDENCE IN SHORTHAND NOS. 1 and 2, in one

volume . C loth, gilt, 80 pp . , 600

BUSINE SS CORRESPONDENCE IN SHORTHANDNos . 8 and 4 , in one volume.

C loth, 80 pp . , 600.

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE m SHORTHAND NOS. 6 and 6 , in one

volume . C loth , 80 pp . , 600.

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE IN SHORTHAND Nos . 1, 2, 8 and 4 , inone volume . Spe01al Shorthand Edition without Type K ey. C loth,gilt, 88 pp . , 760.

Pitman’s 20th Century Business Dictation Book and Le al Forms .

272pp . , stifl' beards and cloth back. cloth , ighth edi

tion.) Containing an up - to-d ate collection of genuine letters (inordinary type ) , claSSIfied under fifty lines of bus iness ; Legal Forms ,and a judicious se lection of ractice matter for general dictation .

Also chepters on Spelling, unctuation , Cap itali zation , etc . All

progres swe Schools , Without reference to the system of Shorthandtaught, should maist upon each student procuring a copy.

3

The Student’s Practice Book. 24 1 p cloth. Price , 760. A collection of Letters for Aogu

'

S in Shorthand. Des igned to beun d by pup ils on the comp etion of the study of the princip les ofstenography, as presented in Course in Isaac Pitman Shorthandor thehorthand Instructor . It is not intended primarily as a dictationbook to be

.

used only by the instructor, but rather as a book fromwhich defimte lessons can be assigned.

Commercial Con esrondence and Commereial English. 272pp . , cloth ,

860. A p ractice Manual of Commercml Correspondence, forminga key to Commercial Correspondence in Shorthand.

"

All theletters are counted for shorthand and typewritin speed practice ,and editions are published in Spanish, French and erman .

Instruction in Le Work. 40 pp . , 260. In didinary t

Court Stenograp ers and Law Students . Rep rinted fromTwentieth Century Dictation and Legal Forms .

"

How to Become a Law Stenographer. 188 pp . , cloth,

For Stenographers and Ty ists . Fifth Edition revisedand enlarged .

A Compendium of Legal orms containing a comp lete set of 1Documents accompanied with full exp lanations and directions or

arranging the same on the typewriter. This work wi ll be .foundan indispensable companion for every stenographer intending to

take a position in a law offi ce .

A large number of legal words and phrases have been added to thenew edition together with engraved shorthand outlines .

ADAPTATIONS OF ISAAC PITMAN’S

PHONOGRAPHY TO FOREIGNLANGUAGES.

Taquigrafia Es ola de Isaac Pitman. 119 pp . , cloth , gilt,Adaptacién la Lengua Espaiiola del Sistema de Fonografia delAutor. Para uso de Escuelas de Comercio , Institutos y tembienpara Estudio Personal . Being an Adaptation of Isaac Pi tman '

s

Shorthand to the Spanish Language.

Keg

to Taquigrafla Espaflola. C loth, gilt, With additionalxercises .

French Phonography. cloth , 600. Third edition. Revisedand Enlarged. An adaptation of Phonography to the Frenchlanguage . By T . A. REED.

Stenographie Pitman. Par Spencer Herbert. An adaptation of

Isaac Pitman'

s Phonography to the French language . C oth ,

French Shorthand Commercial Correspondence. C loth , 88 pp . , 760.

A Series of Business Letters in French Phonography, with typ e Key.

German Phono upby. Crown 8vo 64 pp . , cloth, 600. Anadaptation of honography to the German language .

Manuals di Fono fia Italians . 600. An adaptation of Phonography to the It ian language. By GIUSEPPE FRANCINI .Dutch Phonography. An Adaptation of Phonography to

the Dutch language. By F. DE HAAN .

Pitman’s Phonography adapted to Esperanto. Limp cloth, 600.

Manual of Latin Phonography. An adaptation of Isaac Pitman

’

s Shorthand to the Latin language . By REV .W. Ta'rnocx, SJ.

Japanese Phonography. Comp lete.

4

SHORTHAND READING BOOKS.

The student, to increase his s ed and to im ove his knowled e

n;

Phonogrm CANNOT RE TOO MUC WELL- ENGSHORT One advantage of studying the Isaac Pitman

RAsys tem

— and one which cannotwell be over- es timated— is , that the shorthandliterature

‘

In that system'

18 far in excess ofALL other systems combined.

We would emphasise still further the wea lth of literature the Isaacman system has . These publishers are continually issuing new

works in Shorthand ,

.

andthis in itse lf should make their system a great

force in the shorthand world .

— Business Journa l (New York) .“We wish to repeat what we have said before with reference to theliterature sent out by Isaac Pitman dz Sons , and that is , that the veryextensive line they furnish is of itself the highest recommendation forthe system. N0 other system furnishes as much.

”— American Penman (New York) .

IN THE CORRESPONDING STYLE .

A Shorthand Birthday Book of Dickens Q uotations. Cloth, gilt, 860.In the Corresponding Style Of Pitman ’

s Shorthand.

Select Readings , No. 1. 4 8 p , 200. An entirely new book of read

$8 . Partial list of selections : A Bill from the Town Pump

”

ATHANIEL HAWTHORNE) , “The Heart of London ”

(CHARLESD i c Ns )

‘‘

The Man In Black (OLIVER GOLDeiuITH) HouseholdSuperstitions ” (JOSEPH ADDISON) , Caught in the Q uicksand(VICTOR HUGO) , etc .

Select Readings , No. 2. 48 p 200. Containing A First Ni htat Sea

"

(RICHARD H. DANA) ; “Niagara ”(DICKENS) ; The Can id

Man"

(BU LWER etc .

Mu

gbyJunction and other Stories . By CHARLES DICKENS. 600

C oth , 600.

The Chimes . 127 pp . , cloth , 600. By CHARLES DICKENS .

The Battle of Life. 180 pp . , cloth, 600. By CHARLES DICKENS .

The Silver Ship of Mexico. 182 pp . , cloth, 600. By J. H.

INGRAHAM .

The Book of Psalms . 160 pp . , cloth , 600.

Self- Culture . 91 pp . , cloth , 600. By PROF . BLACKIE .

Gulliver’s Voyage to Lilliput. 88 pp . , cloth , 600. By DEANW IFT .

Tal es and Sketches . 86 pp . cloth, 600. By WASHINGTONIRVING ; with printed Key.

Robinson Crusoe. 8oo pp . ,p cloth , 760. B DANIEL Daron.

Illus trated. This work is extremely well adap for use as a shorthand reader, and, in attractive cloth binding , forms a handsomep rize volume .

The Vicar ofWakefield. Illustrated. 280 pp . , cloth, 600.

IN THE REPORTING STYLE.

Scenes from Pickwick 260 pp . cloth , 860. By CHARLES D ICRENS.

With pen illustrations by CHARLES RICHARDSON . Contains a

selection of the finest scenes from Dickens ’s immortal masterp iece .

Miscellaneous Readings . A new reading book, with Key in ordinarytype . 8603 cloth, 600.

Selections from American Authors . 112 pp . , cloth , 600. WithKey in ordinary type at the foot of each page .

The Cricket on the Hearth. 182 pp . ,cloth, 600. By CHARLES

DICEENS.


taining Keyboard and Diagrams p rinted.

in five colors , on a heavydouble- calendered cardboard, accompanies each copy. Containsspecimens Of actual Busmess Letters , Legal Forms , SpecificationsInstructions for the Use Of

.

the Tabulator, etc . , all printed in actualtypewriter type . In9 rdet

'

ing state whether Single or Double Ke

board or Oliver Edition is deemed . Adopted by the New York,Boston and Baltimore Boards of Education .

Touch Typewri ting can be more easdy and quickly acquired bygoing from the outside keys toward the center. It is the naturalmethod of learning the keyboard , and revente the beginner frombeing inaccurate . I recommend Mr. C arles E . Smith ’

s“Practical

Course in Touch Typewriting as the best Typ ewriter Text- Book forthose who wish to become rapid , accurate touch typ ists .

" — Margaret

B . Owen, the World’

s Champ ion Typ ist.

The New Universal S tem ofTouch or Sight Ty ewriting. By I. W.

PATTON. Third Edis

tion Revised and Enlarged

BUSINESS ENGLISH AND OFFICE TRAINING, ETC.

Style Book of Busines s English . 268 pp ., 860. Sixth Edition Revised

and Enlarl

gled. For Stenogra

phers and Correspondents . This new

treatise w'

especially a pea to the teacher of English whereverit is seen . Teachers of t is subject using this work can feel as suredof vastly better results than they have ever before secured . Itwill be an inspiration to both teacher and student. Adopted bythe New York High Schools .“

It is a real p leasure to me to testify to the merits of your “StyleBook of Business English.

’ I recommend your book for the followmgreas ons : It is SO comprehensive , thoroughly practical , and , aboveall , it is SO p lainly composed that a teacher even unfamiliar with thesubject can conduct a class with it.

”— Prof. F . R. Beygrau , ColumbiaUniversity, New York City.

Punctuation as a Means of Expression. Its Theory and Practice.

By A. E . LOVELL, M .A . 600. This is much more than a merestatement of rules . The author has written an interesting andhelp ful manual on the subject, that will greatly impress the inte lligent student and be mugh apprec iated by all who value clearnessand thoroughness in writing .

Book of Homonyms . By B . S. BARRETT . Cloth , gilt, 192 p 760.

What are Homon ms? The are those per

plexing wor that

are p ronounced ali e butlAp

e] ed differently. here are spine fiveor s ix hundred Of these wo s that the author has collated in alphabetical order with 00 ious exercises for the use Of classes or privatelearners . Eve stu ent of English has at times been puzzled bythese words , an the author of this book, findin that his pu ils wereconstantly making mistakes in this clas s of wor

O

s , conceive the ideaof formulating exercises , which , with the definitions , as given , wouldenable the student to discriminate intelligently in the use of thesehomonyms .

BOOKKEEPING.

BookkeepingSimplifi ed. By FREDJ. NEY . Cloth, gilt, 272pp. ,

BOOKKEEPING as taught in the class - room is often of httle use

behind the desk, and this is artly due to the fact that so manytexts are prepared with the so e object of enabling students to pas scertain examinations . The object of this new work, BookkeepingSimp lified,

”has been to su p ly the wants , unt only q f the examina

tion room, but also the o ce desk, embodying, as it does , all the

essentials of Bookkeep ing.