SHE Department

Surakarta, 24 Mar 2016

SHE Sharing MaterialLifting Method and Equipment

Confidentiality Level : Green

Trakindo UtamaCompany Profile

Trakindo UtamaSHE Profile

Recognition and Award

Lifting Method and Equipment

Rantai Chains

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan Identifikasi Manufacture and Identification

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains

– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains

– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment– Penyimpanan Storage

CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains

– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment– Penyimpanan Storage– Pemotongan rantai Cutting a Chain

INSPECTION OF CHAINSSeluruh rantai harus diperiksa menyeluruh dan diberi label minimal 12 bulan sekali.Setiap rantai baik yg terpasang pada hoisting chain, atau sebagai sling, harus diberi nomor seri yang distamping pada label logam yg melekat pada sambungan paling ujung (end link)

atau ring. All chains should be thoroughly inspected and tagged a least every 12 months. Every chain, whether attached to a piece of equipment as a hoisting chain, or used as a sling, are to be given a Serial No, which can be stamped on a metal tag attached to the end link or

ring

INSPECTION OF CHAINS

SEMUA RANTAI YANG DISIMPAN HARUS

DIPERIKSA SEBELUM DIGUNAKAN

ALL STORED CHAINS ARE TO BE INSPECTED IMMEDIATELY PRIOR

TO USE

KERUSAKAN DAMAGE

• MENGALAMI PEMANJANGAN ELONGATION– Sambungan-sambungan yang meregang menunjukkan bahwa rantai

telah menerima beban berlebih. Links that have been stretched indicate that the chain has been overloaded

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

NO MORE THAN 10% IS PERMITTED

KERUSAKAN DAMAGE• External Wear

– Disebabkan oleh rantai dibawa ke tempat kerja dg cara diseret sepanjang lantai atau menarik rantai dengan beban yg masih menindih. Caused by dragging chains along the ground or from under a load

External Wear NO MORE THAN 10% IS PERMITTED

KERUSAKAN DAMAGE

• Internal Wear– Karena pemakaian Caused by

use

Internal Wear NO MORE THAN 10% IS PERMITTED

Sambungan yg Rusak Deformed Links

Rantai yang digantung bebas namun tidak lurus dg sempurna menunjukkan adanya sambungan yg telah bengkok A free chain that is not perfectly straight is indicative of binding links.Salah satu alasan paling umum adalah krn sambungan yg cacat. One of the main causes of this is deformed links.Kerusakan ini dpt disebabkan krn rantai yg ditarik paksa pada daerah yg bersudut tajam. This can be caused by picking up a load with chains pulled tight around sharp corners.

APABILA SAMBUNGAN RANTAI TELAH

BENGKOK,MAKA RANTAI TIDAK BOLEH DIPERGUNAKAN LAGI.

IN LINKS BIND - CONDEMN THE CHAIN IMMEDIATELY

• Penggunaan rantai pada bagian-bagian sudut yg tajam dan tdk diberi pelindung. Use of chain on unprotected sharp edges

• Rantai yg sudah terkikis/tergores juga membuat menjadi tidak aman apabila diameter telah berkurang sebesar 10%. Gouges and cuts make chains unsafe if material diameter is reduced by 10%

ADANYA KERETAKAN (BAGAIMANAPUN

KONDISINYA) SUDAH CUKUP UNTUK JADI

ALASAN MEMBUANG RANTAI AGAR TIDAK DIGUNAKAN LAGI.

THE PRESENCE OF A CRACK, HOWEVER FINE, IS SUFFICIENT

CAUSE FOR REMOVING THE CHAIN FROM SERVICE

RETAK, TERGORES CRACKS/GOUGES/CUTS

PENGGUNAAN RANTAI SECARA AMAN SAFE USE OF CHAINS

Angles in excess of 1200 MUST NOT BE USED

If a sling has two or more legs, the SWL of the whole unit is based

on two (2) legs only

General Use of ChainsA chain, properly selected for a particular job, is a dependable piece of equipment. MISUSED - IT CAN BE LETHAL

• DON’T– Overload– use a chain

•Sambungan2 tdk bebas bergerak with links that are not free moving

•Terdapat bintik2, berkarat, aus berlebihan, terkelupas, terjepit, retak dg kata lain rusak. that is pitted, corroded, unduly worn, chipped, nipped, cracked or otherwise damaged

– Menyilang, membelit, menyimpul atau membuat kusut rantai. cross, twist, knot or kink any chain

– Menarik rantai yg berada dibawah beban drag a chain

– Menjatuhkan rantai drop a chain– Memutar/menggulingkan beban di

atas rantai roll a load over a chain– Menggunakan rantai dg

melilitkannya pd sudut tajam tanpa lapisan pelindung place chains on sharp corners without padding

– use in temperatures above 2500C– Menggunakan load chain dari chain

block use load or tow chains for lifting– hammer a chain

General Use of ChainsA chain, properly selected for a particular job, is a dependable piece of equipment. MISUSED - IT CAN BE LETHAL

• DO– Gunakan 1 jenis rantai di

W/shop use one grade of chain in a wksp

– Pastikan tiap ulir sekrup yg digunakan terkunci dg aman ensure screw threads are securely locked

– Pastikan keempat rantai berkaki empat cocok dg dua intermediate links. ensure four leg chains are fitted with intermediate links

– Periksa rantai scr teratur inspect chains regularly

– Perbaharui register maintain a register– Buat kelonggaran saat memilih rantai

utk mengangkatall allowances are made•Dampak sudut antar kaki•Kelonggaran untuk back hooking atau

lilitan di sekeliling beban muatan•Kelonggaran untuk setiap penjepitan

yang mungkin terjadi pada sudut-sudut tajam

SYNTHETIC FIBRE SLINGS

Flat Webbing Sling

Endless Slings With Metal End Fittings

FLAT WEBBING SLINGS• Kelebihan Advantages

– Ringan dan daya regang tinggi Light with High Strength

– Ability to Stretch– Meredam beban kejut Absorb Shock Loads Well

• Kelemahan Disadvantages– Pasir halus dpt menembus sling shg menyebabkan kerusakan

pd serat bag dalam, yg tdk selalu terlihat Grit can penetrate the sling causing internal fibre damage which is not always obvious

Apabila terdapat outer slevee pada webbing sling, maka outer slevee tesebut harus dibuat dari bahan sintetis yg sama dg serat bagian

dalam If there is an outer sleeve on webbing slings, it is a requirement that the outer sleeve be made of the same synthetic

material as the inner fibres

FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Synthetic Sling mudah rusak. Packing harus digunakan ketika

mengangkat beban yang memiliki sudut tajam Synthetic Slings are easily

damaged. Packing must be used when lifting loads that have sharp edges.

FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Berbeda jenis serat sintetis maka berbeda pula reaksinya thd bahan kimia seperti asam, solvent, alkali.

Berhati-hatilah dg menjauhkan serat dari kontak dg bhn kimia.

Different synthetic fibres react differently to chemicals such as acids, solvents, alkalis.

Care must be taken to keep fibres away from contact with chemicals

Tidak boleh mencuci dengan Solvent

Cleaning Solvents are not to be used

FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Temperatur kerja maksimum yg diijinkan adalah untuk Sling Polyester adalah

900CThe maximum working temperature at which a

Polyester Sling can be exposed to is 900C

Jenis-jenis Kerusakan Types of Damage

• Keausan bagian luar External Wear

• Goresan-goresan oleh gerakan sling saat pd beban dg pinggiran kasar Local Abrasions and Cuts

• Keausan bagian dalam Internal Wear

• Kerusakan pd lapiran pelindung/slevee Damage to Fixed Protective Coating

• Serat meleleh krn temperatur tinggi Melting or Shrinkage

• Terkena sinar UV dlm jangka waktu lama Prolonged Exposure to UV Light

• Kontak dg bahan kimia Chemical Attack

• Jahitan terlepas Stitching

Tabel Sling Serat SintetisSynthetic Fibre Sling Chart

FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Basket HitchMulti-Leg

Choke

Colour CodeWeb

WidthDirectLoad

ChokeHitch

00 300 600 900 1200 600 900

SINGLE PLYViolet 50 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.1White 75 1.5 1.2 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.6Green 100 2.0 1.6 4.0 3.8 3.4 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.2Yellow 150 3.0 2.4 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.2 3.0 4.2 3.3Orange 200 4.0 3.2 8.0 7.6 6.8 5.6 4.0 5.6 4.4Brown 300 6.0 4.8 12.0 11.4 10.2 8.4 6.0 8.4 6.6

DOUBLE PLYGreen 50 2.0 1.6 4.0 3.8 3.4 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.2Yellow 75 3.0 2.4 6.0 5.7 5.1 4.2 3.0 4.2 3.3Orange 100 4.0 3.2 8.0 7.6 6.8 5.6 4.0 5.6 4.4Brown 150 6.0 4.8 12.0 11.4 10.2 8.4 8.0 8.4 6.6Blue 200 8.0 6.4 16.0 15.2 13.6 11.2 10.2 11.2 8.8Grey 300 12.0 9.6 24.0 22.8 20.4 16.8 12.0 16.8 13.2

Cleaning Slings

• Dapat dicuci dengan air sabun hangat May be washed in warm soapy water

• Digantung dan disiram dengan selang Hung up and hosed

• Dikeringkan dalam kondisi berudara saja tidak digantung dekat sumber panas Should only be dried under atmospheric conditions

Sling Inspection

• Sling yg tidak memiliki SWL/WLL atau tanda/tag yg tidak dapat dibaca tidak dianjurkan digunakan Slings with no SWL / WLL tags or marks are not to be used

• Apabila sling dianggap telah kehilangan kekuatan 10% atau lebih, tidak boleh digunakan dengan alasan apapun If slings are considered to have lost 10% or more of its strength for whatever reason, it is not to be used

Sling Inspection• Umum General

– Apakah terdapat kehilangan kekuatan secara permanen– Apabila mengetahui sling rusak segera singkirkan, tandai dan laporkan

• Kapan melakukan inspeksi When to Inspect

• Recording Inspection• Inspection Procedures

Slinging TheoryDirect Hitch

Slinging TheoryChoke or Reeved Hitch

Slinging TheoryBasket Hitch

Slinging TheoryDouble Wrap

Temporary Change to Sling Strength

When Choke Hitched

Square Corners

Sharp Edges

Shackles and Lifting Lugs

Basket Hitches

• In some situations, slings, when used in a basket hitch, can support double it rated capacity– The load must be round– The diameter of load is 5 times the diameter of sling used

Basket Hitches

Slings Charts Are the Safest Way of Assessing Basket Hitch Capacities

Included Angles

600

The distance between the

attachment points ‘A’ is the same as the sling length

Included Angles

900

The distance between the

attachment points ‘A’ is twice the height of the triangle ‘H’

Included Angles

1200

The height of the triangle ‘H’ is half of

the sling length

Included Angles

Included Angles

REMEMBERTHE MAXIMUM INCLUDED ANGLE ALLOWED IS 1200

Sudut maksimum yg direkomendasikan antara kedua kaki sling adalah 900 The recommended

maximum angle between the two legs of a sling for general work is 900

Ten Basic StepsTo Safely Lift a Load With a Crane

1. Memeriksa beban Check the Load2. Menentukan kapasitas crane Establish the Capacity of the Crane3. Penempatan beban Where is the Load to be Placed?4. Menentukan Pusat Grafitasi Beban Establish the COG of the Load5. Bagaimana beban akan diangkat How is the Load to be Slung?6. Memilih Sling dan Attachment yg sesuai Select Appropriate Slings and Gear7. Mengarahkan Crane Hook di Atas Beban Direct Crane Hook Over Load8. Memasang Sling pada Beban Apply Slings to Load9. Membagi tegangan pada sling Take Up Tension of the Slings10. Mengangkat dan Memeriksa Keseimbangan Beban Hoist and Check the Load is

Balanced

Sling Hook

Safety Hook Grab Hook Latchlock

Commonly Used Hooks

Shackles

Dee Shackle Bow Shackle

SWL/WLL harus distamping dg jelas &

diperiksa sebelum digunakan The SWL/WLL must be clearly stamped and checked before use.

Jangan mencampur pin dan shackle dari jenis

kekuatan yg berbeda Do Not Mix Pins and Shackles of Different Strengths

ShacklesKapasitas shackle, hanya berlaku jika shackle tidak menyimpang atau tertarik secara miring oleh sling. Untuk beban yg berat diperlukan packing seperti dlm gbr dibawah. The capacity of a shackle only applies if the shackle is not being distorted or pulled unevenly. For heavy loads, packing may be required.

Lifting Beams

Spreader Beam Equalising Beam

Collared Eyebolts

• Dibuat sesuai Standard Australia Made to Australian Standards

• Secara umum tidak memiliki SWL yang distamping pada eyebolt tersebut Generally do not have a SWL stamped on them

• Gunakan tabel Must use a chart

Uncollared Eyebolts

• TIDAK dibuat dengan standard apapun NOT made to any Standards

• Tidak ada tabel yg tersedia No charts are available

• Dipasok pabrik pembuat sebagai lifting point utk benda-benda kecil dan ringan Supplied as lifting points for small items

Uncollared Eyebolts

• Gunakan dg sangat hati2 use with extreme caution

• Jangan sekali-kali menggunakan utk angkat beban selain beban yg diperuntukkan Never use to lift a load other than the item they were supplied with

• Gunakan hanya utk mengangkat beban rendah Use for low lifts only

• Lakukan pengangkatan dgn metode menarik vertical scr stabil Steady vertical pull

• Jgn sekali-kali menempatkan beban sampingNever place side loads on uncollared eyebolts

Karena kapasitas angkatnya tidak diketahui,

jangan mengangkat dengan uncollared eyebolt

jika terdapat alternatif metode mengangkat yg lain Because their lifting capacity is

unknown, do not lift with uncollared eyebolts if there is a alternative lifting

method

Menggunakan Collared Eyebolts Using Collared Eybolts

Eyebolts harus sejajar seperti gambar The eyebolts must be aligned as shown

Sudut sling MAKSIMUM yg diijinkan 900 The MAXIMUM Included angle is 900

Menggunakan Collared Eyebolts Using Collared Eybolts

6001050

Sudut kurang dari 900 Angle less than 900

Eyebolts sejajar Eyebolts line up

Sudut lebih dari 900 Angle more than 900

Eyebolt tdk sejajar Eyebolts not lined up

Penyebab hilangnya kekuatan Causes of Loss of Strength Ketika menggunakan Collared Eyebolts When Using Collared Eyebolts

• Eyebolt tidak kencang eyebolt not tightened• Ulir rusak krn terlalu kecang overtightening or mismatched thread• Berkarat corrosion• Eyebolt fatigue shg jadi bengkok bent or overloaded• Eyebolt yg dirubah eyebolt altered• Tidak sejajar dg benar not correctly aligned• Beban samping berlebihan bila sudut >900 excessive side

pull• Sling hook terjepit pada eye sling hooks binding in eyes

Page: 51

Vertical Plate Clamps

All plate clamps must show their SWL and the thickness of the steel plate they are

designed to lift clearly marked

Lift and Block

Fibre and Nylon Rope

Load Positioning Sling

Barrel Grip

Chain Hoist

Electric Hoist

Crane Signals

Motion Hand Signal Motion Hand Signal

Raise Lower

Slew Right Slew Left

Travel STOP!

Scaffolding

Portable IndustriPortable domestik

2015 PT Trakindo Utama. All rights reserved. The content of this presentation may not be used, duplicated or transmitted in any form without the written consent from PT Trakindo Utama.

[Tri Mulyanto][SHE Dept/Southern Sumatera][tri.mulyanto@trakindo.co.id]