The Post-War World Order

The End of Colonialism?

The Bretton Woods “System”

The United Nations, World Economic Reports

Truman & Point Four

“Despite the Soviet threat, many nations and societies outside the Soviet bloc…are so unsure of their national interests…that they are presently unwilling to align themselves with the United States and its allies. Although largely underdeveloped, their vast manpower, their essential raw materials and their potential for growth are such that their absorption within the Soviet system would greatly, perhaps decisively, alter the world balance of power to our detriment. Conversely, their orderly development into more stable and responsible nations, able and willing to participate in defense of the free world, can increasingly add to its strength.”

National Security Council, 1953

The Cold War Defining the problem: “Under-development”

The Solution(s): Economic Development

Walt W. Rostow, The Stages

of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto

--The linear development of human societies

The Military-Industrial-University Complex

The “Third” World & Modernization The birth of

“modernization theory”

Communism as the “disease of the transition”

Nation Building?

The foreign policy of anti-communism

U.S. Foreign Aid, 1945-1965

1949-1952, nearly three fourths of all American economic aid went to European countries.

During the years 1953-1957 three-quarters flowed to developing countries.

By 1962, 90 percent of all U.S. aid went into underdeveloped countries.

The Third World, Nationalism & American Intervention The Rise of Nationalism & Neutralism:

The Bandung Conference: The Non-Aligned Movement

Africa:The Congo & Patrice Lumumba

The Middle East:Egypt, Iran, Iraq

“Nobody in the world had done more than the General to maintain freedom against the Communists” --John Kennedy, 1963

The (Inherent) Limits of American Intervention

Latin America:Guatemala

United Fruit CompanyCubaFulgencio Batista & the “Latin Las Vegas” Fidel Castro

Asia:IndonesiaVietnam