AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17

Echoes of Revolution(1750-1914)

The Abolition of Slavery

1780 – 1890 = slavery lost its legitimacy and was largely ended

Multiple strands of anti-slavery thinking: Secular = slavery is a violation of natural

rights and the ideas of liberty and equality Religious = slavery is a moral; a “crime in

the sight of God” Economic = slavery is not necessary for

economic progress; countries can be successful with paid labor

Political = slavery is unwise because obviously slaves aren’t content and could rise up and revolt

The Abolition of Slavery

Most powerful abolitionist movements = in Britain

Growing pressure on the government to take action techniques included: Pamphlets featuring

descriptions of slavery Petitions to Parliament Lawsuits Boycotts of slave-produced sugar Public meetings most of which

featured testimony of former slavesPublic Meeting Featuring an

Abolitionist Speaker

The Abolition of Slavery

1807 = Britain ended the sale of slaves within its empire

1834 = Britain freed all remaining slaves

British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic, intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed the people on board

Other countries followed suit over the next half century

Resistance to Abolition

Abolition was not easyPlantation owners =

fiercely resisted the efforts of abolitionists

Both European and African slave traders also resisted abolitionists

Most intense resistance to abolition and persistence of slavery = in the southern United States Took a WAR to end slavery!

Effects of Abolition

Economic and political lives of former slaves = did not improve dramatically at all

Often could not find work or found work, but were paid VERY little

No political equality in many places, former slaves couldn’t vote and had to live with harsh segregation laws

Former slaves had to deal with persistent racism, discrimination, and violence

AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17

Nations and Nationalism(1750-1914)

What is a Nation?

A “state” = political territory that does not necessarily coincide with the culture of a certain group of people

For most of world history, people have been organized into great empires or smaller states like this These entities governed culturally diverse

societiesA “nation” = has a distinct culture and

territory and deserves an independent political life Citizens of a nation = feel connected to their

fellows by ties of blood, culture, or common experience

Not simply common subjects of a ruling dynasty

What did Nationalism Inspire?

1871 = the political unification of Italy and Germany

Greeks and Serbs = asserted their independence from the Ottoman Empire

Czechs and Hungarians = demanded more independence within the Austrian Empire

Poles and Ukrainians = became more aware of their oppression within the Russian Empire

Irish = sought separation from Great BritainEuropean Jews = sought a homeland in

Palestine

Results of Nationalism

Intensified rivalries between European states

Fueled a highly competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa

One of the leading causes of World War I

Different Versions of Nationalism

“Civic Nationalism” = the nation is a particular territory and people of various cultural backgrounds can assimilate into the dominant culture Example: “becoming American”

Other versions = defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share common ancestry Example: Germany expelling all

“non-German”, especially Jewish people

Europe around 1880

AP WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 17

Feminist Beginnings(1750-1914)

Feminist Beginnings

Feminist movements took shape mostly in Europe and North America

Believed revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality applied to women also

First organized women’s rights conference = in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848 Leading feminist and speaker

= Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Major Goals of the Feminist Movement

Access to schools and universities

Access to more professions

Suffrage (the right to vote) 1893 = New Zealand is the

first country to grant all women the right to vote

1920 = 19th Amendment passed in the U.S.

Most countries did not grant female suffrage until after WWI

Some Accomplishments of the Movement

Increased entrance to universities and increasing women’s literacy rates

Many U.S. states passed laws to let women control and manage their own property and wages

Increased access to professions Medicine opened to a few Teaching Social work (invented by Jane

Addams) Nursing (professionalized by

Florence Nightingale)

Opposition to Feminism

Many viewed feminists as selfish and willing to sacrifice their families and/or the nation in order to pursue individual goals

Some argued: the strains of education and life in the world outside the home would cause reproductive damage Result: it would depopulate the

nationWhat many believed women

should keep doing